scholarly journals Sub-cellular elemental imaging of human muscle tissues affected by neuromuscular diseases

Nukleonika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Patrycja Śliż-Szpytna ◽  
Marek Lankosz ◽  
Joanna Dudała ◽  
Dariusz Adamek ◽  
Edyta Radwanska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Methods Of Treatment ◽  
Muscular Tissues

Abstract Various types of neuromuscular diseases differ in symptoms, pathology, and clinical picture but one of their common elements is muscle weakness, which could lead to human motor activities impairment and in many cases to shortening of life span and even death due to respiratory failure. That is why it is very important to better understand the underlying causes of these diseases to be able to implement new methods of treatment more effectively. This paper presents the results of the elemental analysis of human muscular tissues affected by dystrophy and myopathy. For this purpose, the particle-induced X-ray emission method was used, which is perfectly suited for measuring light elements. The samples were analysed for differences in the elemental composition of Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Fe, Zn, and Br. The results were presented in the form of elemental concentration maps and a thorough statistical analysis of the obtained data using the advanced statistical methods.

scholarly journals Radiation dose estimation for pencil beam X-ray luminescence computed tomography imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ignacio O. Romero ◽  
Changqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Pencil Beam ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Beam Geometry ◽  
Muscle Tissues

BACKGROUND: Pencil beam X-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT) imaging provides superior spatial resolution than other imaging geometries like sheet beam and cone beam geometries. However, the pencil beam geometry suffers from long scan times, resulting in concerns overdose which discourages the use of pencil beam XLCT. OBJECTIVE: The dose deposited in pencil beam XLCT imaging was investigated to estimate the dose from one angular projection scan with three different X-ray sources. The dose deposited in a typical small animal XLCT imaging was investigated. METHODS: A Monte Carlo simulation platform, GATE (Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission) was used to estimate the dose from one angular projection scan of a mouse leg model with three different X-ray sources. Dose estimations from a six angular projection scan by three different X-ray source energies were performed in GATE on a mouse trunk model composed of muscle, spine bone, and a tumor. RESULTS: With the Sigray source, the bone marrow of mouse leg was estimated to have a radiation dose of 44 mGy for a typical XLCT imaging with six angular projections, a scan step size of 100 micrometers, and 106 X-ray photons per linear scan. With the Sigray X-ray source and the typical XLCT scanning parameters, we estimated the dose of spine bone, muscle tissues, and tumor structures of the mouse trunk were 38.49 mGy, 15.07 mGy, and 16.87 mGy, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that an X-ray benchtop source (like the X-ray source from Sigray Inc.) with high brilliance and quasi-monochromatic properties can reduce dose concerns with the pencil beam geometry. Findings of this work can be applicable to other imaging modalities like X-ray fluorescence computed tomography if the imaging protocol consists of the pencil beam geometry.

Structural and vibrational studies of 1,1,3,3-tetracyanopropane and 2,2,4,4,6-pentacyanocyclohexenamine

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Bell ◽  
B. E. Brown ◽  
M. Duarte ◽  
H. E. Howard-Lock ◽  
C. J. L. Lock
Keyword(s):  
Unit Cell ◽  
Orthorhombic Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Cell Data ◽  
Unit Cell Data ◽  
Monoclinic Cell ◽  
C Nmr

1,1,3,3-Tetracyanopropane, 1, was prepared in low yields by a literature method with 2,2,4,4,6-pentacyanocyclohexenamine, 2, as a major by-product. The products were examined by X-ray crystallography. 1 has an orthorhombic space group, Pbcn (No. 60) with cell dimensions, a = 7.158(2), b = 10.510(3), c = 9.733(2) Å and has four formula units in the unit cell. 2 has a monoclinic cell, P21/c (No. 14) with cell dimensions a = 14.368(3), b = 6.626(1), c = 12.300(2) Å, β = 115.60(1)° and has 4 formula units in the unit cell. Data were collected with use of MoKα radiation and a Nicolet P3 diffractometer. The crystal structures were determined by standard methods and refined to Rw = 0.037 (1) and Rw = 0.040 (2) on the basis of 782 and 2108 unique reflections. Bond lengths and angles in the two compounds are normal. 2 has what has been considered to be the less likely tautomeric structure. Both compounds were examined by 1H, 13C nmr, vibrational spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy. For 2 there was no evidence of the alternative tautomeric structure. New methods were developed for the preparation of both compounds and the mechanism of the original reaction rationalized.

scholarly journals Femoroacetabular impingement: literature review

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Nikita Olegovich Husainov
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Femoroacetabular Impingement ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Aim.To review the concept of the femoroacetabular impingement, its causes, pathogenesis, diagnosis and methods of treatment to increase the awareness among the practicing physicians.Materials and methods.literature data available from the medical data-bases was analyzed.Results.English-languaged literature was reviewed, key-points important to know were identified.Conclusion.Femoroacetabular impingement is a condition with quite non-specific clinic. At the moment x-ray features of this condition are well-known, algorithms of diagnosis and methods of treatment are established.

scholarly journals Systematics Of Paramphistomatosis, Methods Of Diagnosis, Epizootology, Pathogenesis, Origin Of The Disease And New Methods Of Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (06) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Avezimbetov Sh. ◽  
◽  
Taylakov T.I ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

This article describes paramphistomatosis of large and small horned domestic animals, its systematics, and methods of helminthocaprological examination, paramphistomatosis found in the large and retinal abdomen of dead and forcibly slaughtered animals, stages of ovulation in mollusks, pathogenesis, pathological and anatomical changes and treatment reported.

scholarly journals ETHICAL DIMENSIONS OF WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR MEDICAL CARE IN BULGARIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 516-522
Author(s):  
Kalina Peycheva ◽  
Mariela Deliverska
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Regardless of what both patients and medical professionals might think, nowadays there is no free medicine. The need of changing the pattern is emphasized and people should become more responsible for their own health. The aim is to find a connection between the trust in GPs, prophylactic check-ups, new methods of treatment and the willingness of patients to pay for the received medical services. Material and Method: A questionnaire was prepared for the purposes of the study. The methods utilized were a direct individual anonymous questionnaire, statistical – descriptive, analytical (Chi-square). The answers were examined and statistically processed according to age, gender and education level of the participants. Results: 1. The results regarding the trust in GP is very unconvincing – only 14,5 % believe in their GP. 2. The percentage of believers in prophylactic check-ups is high - 57,9%.  3.The percentage of those who believe in the new methods and means for treatment is high, over 80%, while no difference is found with respect to the patients’ education level. 4. The patients often (86%) pay for the treatment of a specialist. 5. People with higher education more readily pay for medical care. Conclusions: 1. The lack of trust in GP combined with the strong belief in prophylactic check - ups and the new methods for diagnostic and treatment of diseases lead to higher expectations of patients towards the medical services and their readiness to pay for these services. 2. The patients indicate readiness to pay for medical services which is a part of the patients’ readiness to take care for their own health.

THE INFLUENCE OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FACTORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEMODYNAMIC COMPLICATIONS DURING ANESTHESIA IN CARDIAC SURGERY

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-375
Author(s):  
R. E. Yakubtsevich ◽  
◽  
K. O. Kratkou ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Laboratory Markers ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cellular Hypoxia ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Background. Currently, cardioanesthesiology is one of the most actively developing areas of modern medicine. Thanks to new methods of treatment, the contingent of patients for whom it became possible to undergo cardiac surgery has significantly expanded. The main problems that lead to hemodynamic complications are endothelial dysfunction and cellular hypoxia. Purpose. To present data on the influence of clinical and laboratory factors of endothelial dysfunction and cellular hypoxia on the development of hemodynamic complications during anesthesia in cardiac surgery. Material and methods. The review and analysis of literature data from 49 sources is presented. Results. The laboratory markers of endothelial dysfunction leading to the development of major hemodynamic complications in cardiovascular diseases are MPC-1, CRP, NO, TNF-α, IL-6, homocysteine. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a significant effect of cell markers (MPC-1, CRP, NO, TNF-A, IL-6, homocysteine) as well as clinical and laboratory factors of endothelial dysfunction not only on the development of major diseases of the cardiovascular system, but also on their complications. An early study of these markers can improve anesthesia during cardiac surgery as well as reduce complications in the postoperative period.

Measurement of the Crystallinity of Hydroxyapatite Deposited by Plasma Spray

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rustichelli ◽  
B. Yang ◽  
N. Antolotti ◽  
S. Bertini ◽  
E. Girardin
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Spray ◽  
Powder Mixture ◽  
Hip Prosthesis ◽  
Normalization Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Crystalline Powder ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Methods

Abstract As part of a characterization and mechanical research about hydroxyapatite (HA) plasma deposits for hip prosthesis, we addressed the problem of determining their crystallinity. A traditional normalization method employed by several laboratories is based on X-ray diffraction by a powder mixture of the investigated HA sample with a standard of crystalline powder, namely Al2O3. This method is quite unsatisfactory, as very often delivers unreasonable results. In order to overcome these difficulties we investigated some new methods for determining the crystallinity of HA sample, which are based on X-ray diffraction. All these methods provide reasonable results.

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