scholarly journals Sexual Coercion Risk and Women’s Sport Participation

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Brown ◽  
Laura Spiller ◽  
Beverly Stiles ◽  
Lon Kilgore
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Sexual Assertiveness ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners

Abstract Sexual coercion affects approximately 58% of college-age females. Victims of sexual coercion often share similar characteristics, such as lower self-esteem, lower assertiveness, higher depressive symptoms, higher alcohol use, increased number of sexual partners, more romantic relationships, prior victimization, and relationship insecurity. Female athletes, on the other hand, have in common such protective factors as higher self-esteem, higher assertiveness, lower alcohol use, and fewer sexual partners. These, then, are assumed to guard against sexual coercion. The purpose of this study was to determine if female athletes were at a lower risk for sexual coercion and whether differences existed in levels of assertiveness, sexual assertiveness, self-esteem, sexual esteem, alcohol use, and the number of sexual partners. Participants included 174 college females (aged 19.94 ± 1.87 years). Participants were identified as an athlete if they reported a history of at least three years of athl iation etic involvement and described themselves as either a high school athlete or having participated in competitive sports (n=125). From among all the participants, 49 were classified as non-athletes. Data demonstrated no differences in either forced or coerced sexual contact history. Athletes and nonathletes differed neither in global nor sexual self-esteem, nor did they differ in global or sexual assertiveness. There was a significant difference across the groups in alcohol use: athletes scored higher on the AUDIT than non-athletes. The number of years of sport involvement positively correlated with the level of alcohol use. Athletes and non-athletes reported similar numbers of sexual partners. The findings of this study imply that athletics may indirectly place females at risk for sexual coercion through an assocwith higher alcohol use.

Number of Sexual Partners and Sexual Assertiveness Predict Sexual Victimization: Do More Partners Equal More Risk?

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave P. Walker ◽  
Terri L. Messman-Moore ◽  
Rose Marie Ward
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
College Women ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Similar Relationship ◽  
Sexual Assertiveness ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

In previous studies, number of sexual partners and sexual assertiveness were examined as independent risk factors for sexual victimization among college women. Using a sample of 335 college women, this study examined the interaction of number of sexual partners and sexual assertiveness on verbal sexual coercion and rape. Approximately 32% of the sample reported unwanted sexual intercourse, 6.9%(n= 23) experienced verbal sexual coercion, 17.9% (n= 60) experienced rape, and 7.2% (n= 24) experienced both. As number of sexual partners increased, instances of verbal sexual coercion increased for women low in relational sexual assertiveness but not for women high in relational sexual assertiveness. A similar relationship was not found for rape. Among women who experienced both verbal sexual coercion and rape, increases in number of partners in the context of low refusal and relational assertiveness were associated with increases in verbal sexual coercion and rape. Findings suggest sexual assertiveness is related to fewer experiences of sexual coercion.

scholarly journals Developmental relations and patterns of change between alcohol use and number of sexual partners from adolescence through adulthood.

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1747-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon J. Dogan ◽  
Gary D. Stockdale ◽  
Keith F. Widaman ◽  
Rand D. Conger
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners

scholarly journals Perfectionism, Self-Esteem, and the Will to Win Among Adolescent Athletes: The Effects of the Level of Achievements and Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Dilsad Ahmed ◽  
Walter King Yan Ho ◽  
Shaheen Begum ◽  
Guillermo Felipe López Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Need For Approval ◽  
The Will ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Concern Over Mistakes ◽  
Fit Index

This study examined the relationships between perfectionism, self-esteem, and the will to win and the effects of gender and the level of achievement on these variables. A total of 318 adolescents in the age group of 12–19 years (M = 16.10 ± 1.01) completed the self-esteem questionnaire, the will-to-win questionnaire, and the perfectionism inventory. Interstate level (ISL) athletes obtained higher scores than interdistrict level (IDL) athletes on the following variables: self-esteem, the will to win, and four of the eight dimensions of perfectionism (i.e., concern over mistakes, the need for approval, organization, and planfulness). Further, male athletes obtained higher self-esteem and perfectionism (i.e., the need for approval and rumination) scores than female athletes. Self-esteem, the will to win, and the dimensions of perfectionism were positively and significantly interrelated. However, one dimension, namely, perceived parental pressure, was unrelated to any factor except striving for excellence. Further, the will to win, concern over mistakes, high standard for others, and planfulness were unrelated to striving for excellence. The results of the discriminant analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between ISL and IDL athletes (variance explained = 9.480%). Finally, using path analysis showed that Model 3 (perfectionism self-esteem will-to-win) has provided good model fit such as Bentler's comparative fit index (CFI) (0.987), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) (0.876), normed fit index (NFI) (0.973), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) (0.097).

scholarly journals Motivation for Participation in Sports Based on Athletes in Team and Individual Sports

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalil Moradi ◽  
Alireza Bahrami ◽  
Amir Dana
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
T Test ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Kung Fu ◽  
Participation Motivation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Individual Sports

AbstractThere are many reasons why individuals are motivated to participate in sports. For athletes to participate in and keep up exercise, investigating the participation motivation of athletes is necessary. The aim of this study was to compare sport participation motivation of athletes in team and individual disciplines. The sample consisted of 265 athletes including four teams from football, volleyball, basketball, and handball and two individual disciplines of kung fu and taekwondo which were randomly selected. The 30-item sports participation motivation questionnaire (PMQ) was used. Analysis of data was conducted by the use of independent-samples t-test. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the sports participation motivation of athletes in a team and individual sports as well as between male and female athletes. But, among the components of the sports participation motivation, only the aspect of achievement in a team and individual sports and the aspect of finding friendship in male and female athletes existed, no other significant difference was observed. The results of this study show that sports discipline and the athlete’s gender is effective in motivating athletes’ continuation and commitment to a physical activity.

scholarly journals Young and Risky

Eureka ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avnit Dhanoa ◽  
Fatima Ehsan ◽  
Kayla Huxter ◽  
Christine L. Moller ◽  
Liam Nolet-Mulholland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Sexual Risk Taking ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners

The purpose of this study was to see if risky sexual behaviour has changed from the Millennial Generation to Generation Z. Data were collected at the University of Alberta from participants ranging in age from 18 years to 24 years old. Participants answered 45 multiple choice questions that targeted the use of contraceptives, testing for and history of sexually transmitted infections, unplanned pregnancies, alcohol use, number of sexual partners, first sexual experience, etc. The results of our study suggest that individuals in Generation Z were more likely to participate in sexually risky behaviour in terms of the number of sexual partners. However, there was no significant difference between the two generations in terms of condom use or engagement in sexual activity. Understanding generational changes in sexual risk-taking can better equip communities to provide adequate information and resources to individuals engaging in sexual activity.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Revision Posterior Shoulder Stabilization in Throwing Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 232596712096765
Author(s):  
Ravi Vaswani ◽  
Justin Arner ◽  
Halle Freiman ◽  
James P. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Revision Surgery ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Revision Rate ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
Shoulder Stabilization ◽  
Bone Width ◽  
Posterior Shoulder ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Revision posterior shoulder capsulolabral repair has inferior outcomes compared with primary surgery. Risk factors for revision in throwing athletes are unknown. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to characterize the revision rate and risk factors for revision surgery in throwing athletes. It was hypothesized that female athletes and those with smaller glenoid bone width would be at higher risk for revision surgery. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 105 throwing athletes who underwent arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair of their throwing shoulder were reviewed at a minimum of 2-year follow-up, and patients who required a revision were compared with those who did not. Collected data compared between the revision and no-revision groups included age, sex, contact sport participation, and return to sport (RTS). American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) score, stability, pain, strength, range of motion (ROM), and patient satisfaction. Radiographic parameters including glenoid bone version, cartilage version, labral version, bone width, labral width, glenoid labral version and width weight were also compared between both groups. Results: Nine throwers required revision (8.6%) at an average of 2.8 years postoperatively. There were more female athletes in the revision than no-revision group (55.5% vs 23.4%; P = .03). There was no significant difference in age, proportion of contact athletes, rotator cuff tears, glenoid bone version, cartilage version, labral version, labral version weight, bone width, labral width, or labral width weight. Both groups had similar preoperative, postoperative, and change in ASES, KJOC, pain, strength, stability, and ROM scores. The proportion of patients with full strength and with full ROM, as well as patients who were satisfied with outcomes was similar between groups. Fewer patients in the revision group returned to sports compared with those in the no-revision group (14.3% vs 83.6%; P < .001), although return to sports at same level was not significantly different between groups (14.3% vs 37.2%; P = .41). Conclusion: The revision rate of arthroscopic posterior shoulder stabilization in throwers was 8.6%. Female athletes were at higher risk for revision, and return to sports was lower in patients who underwent revision surgery.

Sexual relationships and self-esteem: Why do Women Get the Short-End of the Stick?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Craig-Broadwith
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Strong Negative Relationship ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners ◽  
The Relationship

My study will investigate sex differences in the relationship between number of sexual partners and self-esteem. Previous research has found a moderate positive relationship between number of sexual partners and self-esteem in men, while finding a strong negative relationship in women. Women who engage in more short-term sexual relationships are left feeling vulnerable, depressed, and have lower scores of self-esteem. Men on the other hand, appear to have an ego boost with the more short-term sexual partners they have. Why is this? My study, using an evolutionary psychological perspective, will investigate the relationship between number of sexual partners and self-esteem in hopes of piecing together why men and women are affected so differently.

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