scholarly journals An Adaptive Island Model of Population for Neuroevolutionary Ship Handling

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Mirosław Łącki
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Island Model ◽  
Value Assignment ◽  
Simulation Process ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Ship Handling

Abstract This study presents a method for the dynamic value assignment of evolutionary parameters to accelerate, automate and generalise the neuroevolutionary method of ship handling for different navigational tasks and in different environmental conditions. The island model of population is used in the modified neuroevolutionary method to achieve this goal. Three different navigational situations are considered in the simulation, namely, passing through restricted waters, crossing with another vessel and overtaking in the open sea. The results of the simulation examples show that the island model performs better than a single non-divided population and may accelerate some complex and dynamic navigational tasks. This adaptive island-based neuroevolutionary system used for the COLREG manoeuvres and for the finding safe ship’s route to a given destination in restricted waters increases the accuracy and flexibility of the simulation process. The time statistics show that the time of simulation of island NEAT was shortened by 6.8% to 27.1% in comparison to modified NEAT method.

scholarly journals ‘A sense of purpose’: Older prisoners’ experiences of successful ageing behind bars

2021 ◽  
pp. 147737082199514
Author(s):  
Hila Avieli
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Successful Ageing ◽  
Older Prisoners ◽  
Unified Process ◽  
Self Discovery ◽  
Better Than

There is growing interest in ageing offenders and their lives in prison. However, this subject is often studied from a deprivation perspective, focusing on issues such as lack of medical care and proper environmental conditions. This article highlights experiences of wellbeing while ageing in confinement, using the conceptual framework of successful ageing. An interpretive phenomenological analysis perspective was used to analyse the narratives of 18 older prisoners. The narratives revealed four themes: ‘Like all other older men’: comparing ageing in prison with ageing within the community; ‘Better than what I have outside’: prison as an escape from a life of loneliness, poverty and delinquency; ‘Here I get some respect’: the older prisoner as a mentor; and ‘I feel accomplished’: experiences of growth and self-discovery as a means for successful ageing in prison. The findings suggest that ageing in prison may not be perceived as a single, unified process, but as a personal and individual phenomenon, and that old age may facilitate positive changes in the lives of ageing offenders in prison.

Effect of manipulation of milk composition and curd-forming conditions on the formation, structure and properties of milk curd

1987 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L. Green
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Protein Network ◽  
Protein Networks ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Coagulation Time ◽  
Cationic Materials ◽  
Concentrated Milk ◽  
Ca Depletion ◽  
Better Than

SummaryMilks whose compositions had been altered by deliberate manipulation or by contact with various environmental conditions relevant to cheesemaking were treated with rennet in such a way as normally to give a constant coagulation time. Rates of curd formation and whey loss, curd structure and fat retention were determined. Ca depletion in concentrated milks reduced firming and syneresis rates and gave curds with finer protein networks. Increased temperature of curd formation increased the curd-firming rate and curd coarseness, but decreased the syneresis rate at 30 °C. Prior treatment of concentrated milk with rennet in the cold gave a much finer protein network which retained fat better than curd formed normally. Despite increasing firming and syneresis rates, acidified milk gave a slightly finer curd with a better fat retention than normal. Addition of cationic materials stimulated aggregation and the curd retained fat better than normal, although the curd structure was unaffected. The results indicate that the processes of firming and syneresis have related mechanisms, and that the curd structure is not simply dependent on curd-forming conditions, but on the number of aggregating particles and the forces between them.

Effects of various stress factors on heat tolerance by Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Bilgrami ◽  
Randy Gaugler
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Better Than

AbstractCentrifugation, desiccation, agitation, and handling of entomopathogenic nematodes in the laboratory during isolation, culture, storage, formulation and experimentation, influences nematode ability to tolerate adverse environmental conditions. Stress imposed by centrifugation (5-60 min), desiccation (3-9 days), agitation (3-24 h), and handling (2-10 times) reduced stress and heat tolerance in Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae. Short durations of stresses (e.g., 5 min of centrifugation, 3-5 days of desiccation, 3 h of agitation and 2-4 times of handling) did not affect nematodes, whereas prolonged durations (e. g., 10-60 min of centrifugation, 7-9 days of desiccation, 6-24 h of agitation and 6-10 times of handling) significantly decreased heat tolerance. Steinernema carpocapsae tolerated stress comparatively better than H. bacteriophora by showing a significantly greater degree of heat tolerance. This study provides a basis to investigate further the effects of physical and chemical stresses in order to minimise handling of laboratory nematodes and reduce disruptions of their normal function and behaviour.

scholarly journals Mothers determine offspring size in response to own juvenile growth conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Taborsky
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Better Than

Through non-genetic maternal effects, mothers can tailor offspring phenotype to the environment in which young will grow up. If juvenile and adult ecologies differ, the conditions mothers experienced as juveniles may better predict their offspring's environment than the adult environment of mothers. In this case maternal decisions about investment in offspring quality should already be determined during the juvenile phase of mothers. I tested this hypothesis by manipulating juvenile and adult maternal environments independently in a cichlid fish. Females raised in a poor environment produced larger young than females raised without food limitations, irrespective of the feeding conditions experienced during adulthood. This maternal boost was due to a higher investment in eggs and to faster larval growth. Apparently, mothers prepare their offspring for similar environmental conditions to those they encountered as juveniles. This explanation is supported by the distribution of these fishes under natural conditions. Juveniles live in a different and much narrower range of habitats than adults. Therefore, the habitat mothers experienced as juveniles will allow them to predict their offspring's environment better than the conditions in the adult home range.

scholarly journals The studies on vegetation period and plant characters determining seed yield in soybean

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-127
Author(s):  
Jerzy Szyrmer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

12 Soybean strains bred by the author were tested with respect to their adaptation to different environments in the period 1975-1977. Better environmental conditions in Przecław (Rzeszów region) than in Radzików near Warsaw have beneficial effect on seed yield and the lenght of vegetation period in tested soybeans. Generaly, tested strains yielded better than population variety 'Warszawska' used as a check. Highest yield was produced by strain M-17/76 - 22,7 q/ha. This strain is already registered as a variety 'Ajma'. Seed yield, fat and protein content are determined by genotype and environmental factors. The negative correlation was found between seed yield, its components and the length of vegetation period. It suggests that selection of early and, at the some time, high yielding varieties can and should be done.

scholarly journals Stability and Adaptability Analysis of BRRI Developed Aus Varieties in Different Locations of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
NMF Rahman ◽  
MAA Mamun ◽  
R Ahmed ◽  
MI Hossain ◽  
MA Qayum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Genotypic Effect ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Specific Adaptation ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Wide Adaptation ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Better Than

The genotype by environment (G×E) interactions can be observed by differential genotypic responses to varied environmental conditions. Its effect is to limit the accuracy of yield estimates and complicate the identification of specific genotypes for specific environments. The frequently used model additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) were used in this study to identify high yielding Aus rice varieties having wide adaptation and or specific adaptation to environment. Multi environment trials on eight Aus rice varieties were conducted at four environmental conditions in 2016. Genotype by environment (G×E) interactions contribution was much higher than the genotypic effect and environmental effect on grain yield. The genotypes BRRI dhan65, BRRI dhan48 and BRRI dhan43 display higher adaptability and stability. Therefore they are included in the study and recommended to be used in all environments. The variety BRRI dhan65 was identified as the most suitable variety with wider adaptability in the region Kushtia followed by BRRI dhan48 and BRRI dhan43. Latest varieties performed better than the oldest ones based on grain yield and could be replaced through ensuring the supply chain of new promising varieties of that locality. Bangladesh Rice j. 2018, 22(1): 65-72

Microbial Modification Of Crude Oil In The Sea

1969 ◽  
Vol 1969 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. ZoBell
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Oil Oxidation ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Microbial Oxidation ◽  
Open Sea

Abstract Virtually all kinds of hydrocarbons and crude oils from many fields are susceptible to microbial oxidation. More than a hundred species of bacteria, yeasts, and fungi are able to oxidize hydrocarbons. Each species is limited in the kinds of hydrocarbons it can attack. Each species is also limited by the temperature, salinity, surface tension, pH, oxygen tension, and other environmental conditions at which it is biochemically active. Environmental conditions also affect the rate of microbial reporduction and oil oxidation. Enrichment cultures, consisting of several different species growing under optimal conditions, tend to convert crude oils and refinery products mainly to carbon dioxide and microbial biomass. From 10 to 90 per cent of the carbon may be converted into microbial biomass. Oil-oxidizing bacteria are most abundant in coastal waters and mud where oil pollution is chronic. Such bacteria are extremely scarce in the open sea. In unpolluted waters the ratio of oil oxidizers to the total bacterial population in marine environments ranges from 1:100 to 1:10,000. In chronically oil-polluted coastal areas from 5 to 50 per cent of the bacteria may be able to oxidize one or more kinds of hydrocarbons. In such areas, bacteria in well-oxygenated waters might oxidize oil at rates ranging from 0.02 to 2 grams per square meter per day at 20° to 30° C.

scholarly journals Impact of Afternoon Thunderstorms on the Land–Sea Breeze in the Taipei Basin during Summer: An Experiment

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1714-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsing-Chang Chen ◽  
Ming-Cheng Yen ◽  
Jenq-Dar Tsay ◽  
Chi-Chang Liao ◽  
Eugene S. Takle
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Thunderstorm Activity ◽  
Land Breeze ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Taipei Basin ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
New Perspective

AbstractEnvironmental conditions for the roughly three million people living in the Taipei basin of Taiwan are greatly affected by the land–sea breeze and afternoon thunderstorm activities. A new perspective on the land–sea breeze life cycle and how it is affected by afternoon thunderstorm activity in the Taipei basin during the dry season is provided. During the summer monsoon break–revival phase, about 75% of rainfall in the Taipei basin is produced by afternoon thunderstorms triggered by sea-breeze interactions with the mountains to the south of this basin. Because the basic characteristics of the land–sea breeze and the changes it undergoes through the influence of afternoon thunderstorms have not been comprehensively analyzed/documented, a mini–field experiment was conducted during the summers of 2004 and 2005 to explore these aspects of the land–sea breeze in this basin. Thunderstorm rainfall is found to change not only the basin’s land–sea-breeze life cycle, but also its ventilation mechanism. On the nonthunderstorm day, the sea breeze supplies the open-sea fresh air for about 8 h during the daytime, but the land breeze persists on the thunderstorm day from afternoon to the next morning, acting to sweep polluted urban air out of the basin.

scholarly journals The Ecology of the Tamar Estuary II. Under-Water Illumination

1938 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. N. Cooper ◽  
A. Milne
Keyword(s):  
Red Light ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Tamar Estuary ◽  
Extinction Coefficients ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Better Than

The Zeiss Pulfrich photometer, with its eight spectral niters covering narrow spectral bands within the visible spectrum, has been used to investigate the penetration of light into an estuary under winter and summer conditions.Throughout the visible spectrum, extinction coefficients in Hamoaze are always higher, in winter often very much higher, than in the English Channel. In marked contrast to the open sea, red light penetrates as well or better than green, and blue is cut down most rapidly

scholarly journals The influence of seasonality, tide and time of activities on the behavior of Sotalia guianensis (Van Bénéden) (Cetacea, Delphinidae) in Pernambuco, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaina P. Araújo ◽  
Maria E. Araújo ◽  
Antonio Souto ◽  
Cristiano L. Parente ◽  
Lena Geise
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Sotalia Guianensis ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Behavioral Activities ◽  
Estuarine Dolphin ◽  
Prey Items

Data on Sotalia guianensis Van Bénéden, 1864 occurrence on the beaches of Pernambuco (Northeastern Brazil) is restricted to information on stranding and on printed material from local newspapers; actual observations of such animals have not been published. This study intends to determine the use of habitat, behavioral activities and assess the relationships between environmental factors and the recorded behavior. Observations were conducted on open sea coastal areas, on the beaches of Olinda and Piedade, as well as in sheltered areas, in the ports of Recife and Suape. Monitoring was carried out every month in each area, during two consecutive days, from September 2004 to August 2005. Results corroborate that this species prefers to occupy more protected environments, the port of Recife being the main concentration area for such species. Piedade is just an exploratory area, possibly due to shark occurrence. Olinda is only occasionally used. Concentration areas seem to be used for feeding, and incidence of caudal exhibition suggests that most of the estuarine dolphin prey items are demersal. Environmental conditions (seasonality, tide and time) did not show to be significant when related to the estuarine dolphin behavior.

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