The effect of rapid and depot testosterone and estradiol on spatial performance in water maze

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Hodosy ◽  
Daniela Ostatnikova ◽  
Vladimír Riljak ◽  
Jaromir Myslivecek ◽  
Peter Celec
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Spatial Performance ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Spatial Water Maze ◽  
Receptor Gene Expression

AbstractMen and women differ in some cognitive functions including spatial abilities. These differences seem to be affected by sex steroids, but the results are controversial. The aim of this work is to describe the effects of rapid or depot testosterone and estradiol on spatial memory in rats. Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups. Five groups were gonadectomized, and one group was left as control. Castrated groups received sterile oil, testosterone isobutyras, testosterone propionate, estradiol dipropionate or estradiol benzoate. We evaluated spatial performance (escape latency, overall improvement, and time in the quadrant after platform removal) of the rats in a spatial water maze. Animals receiving exogenous sex steroids showed higher plasma concentrations of the particular hormones. Experimental groups improved during the acquisition spatial trials in the water maze. No significant differences between the groups during probe trial were found. In overall improvement, the testosterone depot and estradiol depot groups showed less improvement in comparison to the control groups (P<0.05). No differences in respect to administered hormones were found in corresponding receptor gene expression in hippocampus. In conclusion, exogenous testosterone affects spatial memory of adult castrated males.

scholarly journals Pathfinder: open source software for analyzing spatial navigation search strategies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew B. Cooke ◽  
Timothy P. O’Leary ◽  
Phelan Harris ◽  
Richard E. Brown ◽  
Jason S. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Spatial Water Maze ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

AbstractSpatial navigation is a universal behavior that varies depending on goals, experience and available sensory stimuli. Spatial navigational tasks are routinely used to study learning, memory and goal-directed behavior, in both animals and humans. One popular paradigm for testing spatial memory is the Morris water maze, where subjects learn the location of a hidden platform that offers escape from a pool of water. Researchers typically express learning as a function of the latency to escape, though this reveals little about the underlying navigational strategies. Recently, a number of studies have begun to classify water maze search strategies in order to clarify the precise spatial and mnemonic functions of different brain regions, and to identify which aspects of spatial memory are disrupted in disease models. However, despite their usefulness, strategy analyses have not been widely adopted due to the lack of software to automate analyses. To address this need we developed Pathfinder, an open source application for analyzing spatial navigation behaviors. In a representative dataset, we show that Pathfinder effectively characterizes the development of highly-specific spatial search strategies as male and female mice learn a standard spatial water maze. Pathfinder can read data files from commercially- and freely-available software packages, is optimized for classifying search strategies in water maze paradigms, but can also be used to analyze 2D navigation by other species, and in other tasks, as long as timestamped xy coordinates are available. Pathfinder is simple to use, can automatically determine pool and platform geometry, generates heat maps, analyzes navigation with respect to multiple goal locations, and can be updated to accommodate future developments in spatial behavioral analyses. Given these features, Pathfinder may be a useful tool for studying how navigational strategies are regulated by the environment, depend on specific neural circuits, and are altered by pathology.

Reduced spatial learning in mice infected with the nematode, Heligmosomoides polygyrus

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kavaliers ◽  
D. D. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Maze Learning ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Spatial Performance ◽  
Spatial Water Maze

SUMMARYParasite modification of host behaviour influences a number of critical responses, but little is known about the effects on host spatial abilities. This study examined the effects of infection with the intestinal trichostrongylid nematode, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, on spatial water maze learning by male laboratory mice, Mus musculus. In this task individual mice had to learn the spatial location of a submerged hidden platform using extramaze visual cues. Determinations of spatial performance were made on day 19 post-infection with mice that had been administered either 50 or 200 infective larvae of H. polygyrus. The infected mice displayed over 1 day of testing (6 blocks of 4 trials) significantly poorer acquisition and retention of the water maze task than either sham-infected or control mice, with mice that had received 200 infective larvae displaying significantly poorer spatial performance than individuals receiving 50 larvae. The decrease in spatial learning occurred in the absence of either any symptoms of illness and malaise, or any evident motor, visual and motivational impairments. It is suggested that in this single host system the parasitic infection-induced decrease in spatial learning arises as a side-effect of the host's immunological and neuromodulatory responses and represents a fitness cost of response to infection.

scholarly journals Pathfinder: open source software for analyzing spatial navigation search strategies

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1521
Author(s):  
Matthew B. Cooke ◽  
Timothy P. O'Leary ◽  
Phelan Harris ◽  
Ricky Ma ◽  
Richard E. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Spatial Water Maze ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

Spatial navigation is a universal behavior that varies depending on goals, experience and available sensory stimuli. Spatial navigational tasks are routinely used to study learning, memory and goal-directed behavior, in both animals and humans. One popular paradigm for testing spatial memory is the Morris water maze, where subjects learn the location of a hidden platform that offers escape from a pool of water. Researchers typically express learning as a function of the latency to escape, though this reveals little about the underlying navigational strategies. Recently, a number of studies have begun to classify water maze search strategies in order to clarify the precise spatial and mnemonic functions of different brain regions, and to identify which aspects of spatial memory are disrupted in disease models. However, despite their usefulness, strategy analyses have not been widely adopted due to the lack of software to automate analyses. To address this need we developed Pathfinder, an open source application for analyzing spatial navigation behaviors. In a representative dataset, we show that Pathfinder effectively characterizes the development of highly-specific spatial search strategies as male and female mice learn a standard spatial water maze. Pathfinder can read data files from commercially- and freely-available software packages, is optimized for classifying search strategies in water maze paradigms, and can also be used to analyze 2D navigation by other species, and in other tasks, as long as timestamped xy coordinates are available. Pathfinder is simple to use, can automatically determine pool and platform geometry, generates heat maps, analyzes navigation with respect to multiple goal locations, and can be updated to accommodate future developments in spatial behavioral analyses. Given these features, Pathfinder may be a useful tool for studying how navigational strategies are regulated by the environment, depend on specific neural circuits, and are altered by pathology.

Offline consolidation of spatial memory: Do the cerebellar output circuits play a role? A study utilizing a Morris water maze protocol in male Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 1718 ◽  
pp. 148-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Andre ◽  
M. Zaccaroni ◽  
P. Fiorenzani ◽  
D. Della Seta ◽  
M. Menzocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

CB1 and CB2 contribute to antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of electroacupuncture on experimental arthritis of the rat temporomandibular joint

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 1479-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delane Viana Gondim ◽  
Joana Cláudia Bezerra Araújo ◽  
André Luiz Cunha Cavalcante ◽  
Alexandre Havt ◽  
Josiane da Siva Quetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Receptor Gene Expression

Electroacupuncture (EA) and cannabinoids have been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in animal models of arthritis. Male Wistar rats were injected with saline or zymosan (2 mg) into the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). EA (10 Hz, 30 min) was performed 2 h after or 1 h before zymosan administration. AM251 or AM630 (3 mg/kg, i.p.)were administered before EA treatment. Mechanical hypernociception was accessed after zymosan administration. Rats were sacrificed 6 h after zymosan administration and the joint was removed for histopathological analysis. The gene expression of CB1 and CB2 receptors was assessed after sacrifice of the TMJ arthritic animals. EA inhibited zymosan-induced hypernociception (p < 0.05). AM251 reversed significantly the antinociceptive effect of EA, suggesting that the CB1 receptor is involved in this effect. AM630 reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of EA. CB1 and CB2 receptor gene expression was upregulated 6 h after zymosan-induced arthritis in the EA-treated group. We observed downregulation of CB2 receptor gene expression in the EA group at the 24th hour compared with the 6th hour. Higher CB1 receptor gene expression was also found compared with the 6th hour. EA produced antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, and these effects appeared to be mediated through CB1 and CB2 receptor activation.

scholarly journals Pathfinder: open source software for analyzing spatial navigation search strategies

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew B. Cooke ◽  
Timothy P. O'Leary ◽  
Phelan Harris ◽  
Richard E. Brown ◽  
Jason S. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Spatial Water Maze ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

Spatial navigation is a universal behavior that varies depending on goals, experience and available sensory stimuli. Spatial navigational tasks are routinely used to study learning, memory and goal-directed behavior, in both animals and humans. One popular paradigm for testing spatial memory is the Morris water maze, where subjects learn the location of a hidden platform that offers escape from a pool of water. Researchers typically express learning as a function of the latency to escape, though this reveals little about the underlying navigational strategies. Recently, a number of studies have begun to classify water maze search strategies in order to clarify the precise spatial and mnemonic functions of different brain regions, and to identify which aspects of spatial memory are disrupted in disease models. However, despite their usefulness, strategy analyses have not been widely adopted due to the lack of software to automate analyses. To address this need we developed Pathfinder, an open source application for analyzing spatial navigation behaviors. In a representative dataset, we show that Pathfinder effectively characterizes the development of highly-specific spatial search strategies as male and female mice learn a standard spatial water maze. Pathfinder can read data files from commercially- and freely-available software packages, is optimized for classifying search strategies in water maze paradigms, and can also be used to analyze 2D navigation by other species, and in other tasks, as long as timestamped xy coordinates are available. Pathfinder is simple to use, can automatically determine pool and platform geometry, generates heat maps, analyzes navigation with respect to multiple goal locations, and can be updated to accommodate future developments in spatial behavioral analyses. Given these features, Pathfinder may be a useful tool for studying how navigational strategies are regulated by the environment, depend on specific neural circuits, and are altered by pathology.

scholarly journals INTERRELATION OF STEROID RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION IN UTERINE TISSUES AND SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF IMMUNOREGULATORY PROTEINS, CYTOKINES, SEX STEROIDS IN PROLIFERATIVE DISEASES

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Shramko ◽  
V. N. Zorina ◽  
N. A. Zorin ◽  
I. A. Botvinyeva ◽  
S. V. Arkhipova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Uterine Leiomyoma ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Steroid Receptor ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Receptor Gene Expression ◽  
Diagnostic And Prognostic Value

Pathogenetic mechanisms of uterine leiomyoma, adenomyosis and their combination are complicated and poorly understood, a differential diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma of the uterus is difficult. Our study aimed for a comparative analysis of the serum contents of α2-MG, PAG, some cytokines, sex steroids and the expression of steroid receptor genes in the patients with different variants of uterine proliferative diseases, in order to determine their pathological role, diagnostic and prognostic value. Expression of estrogen receptor genes adenomyosis nodes was 1.5 to 2-fold higher than in leiomyoma, the combined pathology showed intermediate values, and expression of ER and PGR genes in leiomyosarcoma was minimal. In cellular leiomyoma, expression of ER receptor genes in the surrounding myometrium was 2 to 3-fold higher than in cases of simple leiomyomas. At the same time, concentration of estrogen and progesterone in the blood is comparable between the groups and control groups. All the patients have a deficiency of immunomodulatory α2-MG (12-13% for leiomyomas, 20% for adenomyosis, and 23% for malignant pathology). The concentration of immunosuppressive PAG is increased in combined conditions and leiomyosarcoma. In addition, the contents of IL-6 and TNFα increase, the VEGF levels exceed normal values 4 to 4.5-fold, in leiomyoma, 5.5-fold, in combined pathology, 6.5, in adenomyosis, and 10-fold, in leiomyosarcoma.The obtained results confirm that immunomodulatory proteins, cytokines and cell-targeting sex hormones exert an interdependent influence upon each other in the studied diseases, and their significant changes may be used in diagnostics and prognosis.

VIRAL RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION AND MYOCARDITIS DEVELOPMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Runov ◽  
◽  
E Kurchakova ◽  
D Khaschevskaya ◽  
O Moiseeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Viral Receptor ◽  
Receptor Gene Expression

Effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin on pregnancy rates of Nellore cows resynchronized with the use of new DIB and third use, and inseminated at fixed-time

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 356-362
Author(s):  
Josemara Silva Santos ◽  
Tania Cavalcante ◽  
Francisca Elda Ferreira Dias ◽  
Domenica Palomaris Mariano de Souza ◽  
Alencariano J.S. Falcão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
Intravaginal Device

The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effects of recombinant bovine somatropin (rbST), and the reuse of the progesterone (P4) releasing devices in resynchronization, on the pregnancy rates of Nellore cows submitted to fixed-time artificial insemination. A group of 123 multiparae Nellore cows, was submitted to a resynchronization protocol: on day 0 a Bovine Intravaginal Device (DIB® ) with 1,0g of P4 was implanted, associated with intramuscular administration of 2,0mg of estradiol benzoate (IM); on day 8 DIB was removed; and 1,0mg of estradiol cypionate, 0,15mg of prostaglandin F2? and 300 UI of equine chorionic gonadotropin were administered; on day 10, fixed-time artificial insemination was conducted (FTAI). The cows were randomized into G1 (n=12) – without rbST / with used Bovine Intravaginal Device, G2 (n=50) – without rbST / with new DIB, G3 (n=11) - with rbST / with used DIB and G4 (n=50) – with rbST/ with new DIB. rbST was introduced on the eighth day of the protocol. Sixty days after TAI, pregnancy diagnoses were conducted, via rectal palpation. Blood samples were taken on day 0, 8 and 10 of the protocol, in order to assess P4 plasma concentrations. Pregnancy rates were statistically evaluated through Generalized Linear Models Theory and their significance was tested with Analysis of Deviance. Pregnancy rates were 58%, 40%, 81% and 48% for G1, G2, G3 and G4, respectively, with significant statistical difference for G3. Plasma concentrations of P4 were not statistically different among groups, or collections. In view of the results obtained, we concluded that the administration of rbST in association with P4 DIB, used for the third time, improves pregnancy rates. Estrus resynchronization and re-insemination positively impacted pregnancy rates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document