scholarly journals Changes in the photosynthetic efficiency of winter wheat in response to abiotic stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Balla ◽  
Szilvia Bencze ◽  
Péter Bónis ◽  
Tamás Árendás ◽  
Ottó Veisz
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Net Assimilation

AbstractThe assessment of heat and drought tolerance is of primary importance in breeding programmes designed to improve heat and drought tolerance in cereals. Three winter wheat varieties grown in controlled growth chambers were exposed to heat (H) and drought (D) stress singly and in combination (H+D). The combined effects of H and D stress were much more severe than those of individual treatments for both physiological and yield parameters during grain filling. The chlorophyll content, effective quantum yield of PSII, net assimilation rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration were greatly reduced by H, D and their interaction. Grain yield decreased to a greater extent (48.3%) in Plainsman V, averaged over the stress treatments, than in Mv Magma (67.8%) and Fatima 2 (53.7%). The least decline was found in grain number, except in Plainsman V. Mv Magma tolerated heat stress better than Fatima 2. In terms of photosynthetic activity, Plainsman V showed better drought tolerance than Mv Magma. The results showed that changes in physiological properties during stress treatment are not always associated with changes in yield parameters, so a combination of methods may be needed to give a more precise picture of the stress tolerance of wheat varieties.

scholarly journals Wplyw stopnia krzewienia się roślin na akumulacje biomasy organicznej u niektórych odmian zwyczajnej pszenicy ozimej [Influence of tillering degree on the accumulation of dry matter of some winter wheat varieties]

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-175
Author(s):  
Witold Drezner
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
H Index ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The correlation between the net assimilation rate and the degree of plant tillering are investigated for several varieties of simple winter wheat. The net assimilation rate (E, NAR, An) of the studied varieties for different degrees of tillering, individual shoots and individual plants is described according to the units mg/cm<sup>2</sup> • 24 h. Index of efficiency of assimilation surface (F, LAR, I<sub>S</sub>) is determined in units cm<sup>2</sup>/mg. The tillering ability of vegetative shoots in plaints is a very important factor which increases the total assimilate stirfaice value and the assimilation effectivity of the plant's biomass.

scholarly journals Quality of winter wheat in relation to heat and drought shock after anthesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Balla ◽  
M. Rakszegi ◽  
Z. Li ◽  
F. Békés ◽  
S. Bencze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Granule Size ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Protein Components

Raw material quality, which is influenced not only by the protein content, insoluble protein polymers, and glutenin-to-gliadin ratio but also by the starch granule size, is very important for the quality of bakery products. This study investigated the effect of high temperature and drought (during grain-filling) on the quality and components yield of five winter wheat varieties. Drought and drought + heat were found to have a much greater influence on the yield and quality than heat stress alone. Averaged over the varieties, the yield losses were 57% after drought, 76% after drought + heat, and only 31% after heat stresses. The reductions in the unextractable polymeric protein fraction and glutenin-to-gliadin ratio indicated a poorer grain yield quality, despite the higher protein content. Quality deterioration was observed after drought or drought + heat, while high temperatures alone resulted in no change or in a better ratio of protein components. A significant negative correlation was observed between starch granule size and relative protein content after drought, demonstrating that this parameter contributes, together with protein, to the baking quality of the flour.

Effect of organic seed pelleting on biometric, biophysical and yield parameters of clusterbean under saline condition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Prakash ◽  
S. Pallavamallan ◽  
G. Sathiya Narayanan ◽  
S. Rameshkumar
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Saline Condition ◽  
Biophysical Parameters ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Leaf Powder

Cluster bean is one of the major legumes cultivated in many parts of the world. However effect of organic seed pelleting in this crops needs more attention nowadays in probem soils like saline soil. Field experiments were carried out with cluster bean cv. Pusa Mausami to study the effect of organic seed pelleting on biometric, biophysical and yield parameters of clusterbean under saline condition. The seeds of cluster bean cv. Pusa Mausami were pelleted with pungam, prosopis, notchi, arappu leaf powders @ 50, 100, 150 and 200 g per kg. From the results, it was found that seed pelleting with pungam leaf powder @ 200 g per kg registered significantly higher values for biometric parameters viz., plant height, number of branches per plant, dry matter production, biophysical parameters viz., photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and yield parameters viz., pod length, number of pods per plant, pod yield per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant and hundred seed weight. From the present study, it was concluded that seed pelleting with pungamn leaf powder @ 200 g per kg can be recommended for increased growth and yield parameters in cluster bean under saline conditions.

Relationship between spatiotemporal distribution of roots and grain yield of winter wheat varieties with differing drought tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
方燕 FANG Yan ◽  
闵东红 MIN Donghong ◽  
高欣 GAO Xin ◽  
王中华 WANG Zhonghua ◽  
王军 WANG Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spatiotemporal Distribution ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Distribution Of Roots ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

scholarly journals Photosynthetic responses of young cashew plants to varying environmental conditions

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 735-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogéria Pereira de Souza ◽  
Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro ◽  
Eduardo Caruso Machado ◽  
Ricardo Ferraz de Oliveira ◽  
Joaquim Albenísio Gomes da Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Controlled Conditions

The aim of this study was to characterize gas exchange responses of young cashew plants to varying photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), temperature, vapor-pressure deficit (VPD), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), under controlled conditions. Daily courses of gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were measured under natural conditions. Maximum CO2 assimilation rates, under optimal controlled conditions, were about 13 mmol m-2 s-1 , with light saturation around 1,000 mmol m-2 s-1. Leaf temperatures between 25ºC and 35ºC were optimal for photosynthesis. Stomata showed sensitivity to CO2, and a closing response with increasing Ci. Increasing VPD had a small effect on CO2 assimilation rates, with a small decrease above 2.5 kPa. Stomata, however, were strongly affected by VPD, exhibiting gradual closure above 1.5 kPa. The reduced stomatal conductances at high VPD were efficient in restricting water losses by transpiration, demonstrating the species adaptability to dry environments. Under natural irradiance, CO2 assimilation rates were saturated in early morning, following thereafter the PPFD changes. Transient Fv/Fm decreases were registered around 11h, indicating the occurrence of photoinhibition. Decreases of excitation capture efficiency, decreases of effective quantum yield of photosystem II, and increases in non-photochemical quenching were consistent with the occurrence of photoprotection under excessive irradiance levels.

scholarly journals Early diagnostics of bread winter wheat varieties for drought tolerance

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (0) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
T. V. Yurchenko ◽  
T. V. Chugunkova ◽  
N. I. Prokopik
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Early Diagnostics ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SOIL AND AIR DROUGHT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROOT SYSTEM OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT VARIETIES AND LINES

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Likhovidova ◽  
V. L. Gaze ◽  
E. V. Ionova ◽  
D. M. Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Germinating Seeds

The article considers the effect of moisture shortage in soil on formation of winter wheat root system. According to root system development (number, volume and dry weight of roots) there have been identified the varieties ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Zhavoronok’, ‘Bonus’, ‘Kazachka’, ‘Luchezar’, ‘Shef’, ‘Polina’ and the lines ‘1120/13’, ‘1377/06’ that possess high indexes in all trials. The estimation of drought tolerance on growth power of germinal roots was carried out on winter wheat seeds, germinated in rolls on a completely nutrient mixture ‘Knopa’. The largest increase of germinal roots was found on the samples ‘Polina’ (on 14.6 cm), ‘134/11’ (on 13.9 cm), ‘Asket’ (on 13.8 cm), ‘1430/12’ (on 13.6 cm), ‘110/11’ and ‘1120/13’ (on 13.2 cm), ‘Krasa Dona’ (on 13.0 cm). Drought tolerance has been determined according to the degree of seed germination on osmotic sucrose solution (16 atm). The analyzed samples have been divided into the following groups: the 1-st group – highly tolerant samples (10), the 2-d group – average tolerant samples (4), the 3-d group – not tolerant samples (6). The assessment of heat resistance showed that 13 samples from 20 analyzed ones belong to the 1-st group of highly heat resistant; 7 samples belong to average resistant. To characterize various indexes of plant resistance and their correlation there have been used a method of determining the complex resistance index of germinating seeds. The samples ‘Asket’ (253.4 r. u.), ‘1377/06’ (255.4 r. u.), ‘Kazachka’ (252.1 r. u.), ‘Shef’ (245.0 r. u.), ‘Krasa Dona’ (244.3 r. u.) and ‘Polina’ (240.0 r. u.) are characterized with high complex resistance index of germinating seeds. The samples ‘Asket’, ‘1237/13’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘260/09’, ‘Kazachka’, ‘1377/06’ showed high degree of complex drought tolerance (from 31 to 43%).

Combined effect of the drought duration and elevated atmospheric CO2 level on physiological and yield parameters of winter wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Varga ◽  
K. Balla ◽  
S. Bencze ◽  
O. Veisz
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Drought Duration ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Co2 Level ◽  
Effects Of Drought

The unfavourable effects of climate change were studied in terms of changes in the stress tolerance of cereals. The yield and physiological parameters of two winter wheat genotypes (Mv Mambó, Mv Regiment) were analysed in the phytotron after water was completely withheld for 7 or 14 days in three phenophases. The plants were raised in climate chambers, one adjusted to ambient CO2 concentration and the other to a higher level (750 μmol mol−1). The aim of the present work was to determine the correlations between the duration of water withholding and the phenological, physiological and yield parameters of winter wheat. It was hoped to identify how elevated CO2 levels affected the stress sensitivity of plants and whether they contributed to counteracting the damaging effects of drought. In both varieties, the grain mass decreased to the greatest extent when water was withheld at first node appearance (5.9–71.3%). A longer period of drought at first node appearance and grain filling only reduced the grain number and mass in the case of enhanced CO2. The yield and physiological parameters of Mv Regiment, however, deteriorated substantially as a result of water deficiency, though this variety was better able to utilise surplus CO2, giving outstanding results at elevated CO2 level.

scholarly journals Early-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Application Improved Physiological Performances of Sugarcane Seedling and Further Growth in the Dry Land

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wawan Sulistiono ◽  
Taryono Taryono ◽  
Prapto Yudono ◽  
Irham Irham
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Infection Percentage

The Indonesian sugarcane production in the dryland was not optimal due to physiological stress. The research to improve their physiological characteristics by arbuscular mycorrhizal application was conducted at inceptisol soil from April 2014 to February 2015, using factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was clones PS864, Kidangkencana, PS881, Bululawang, and VMC, whereas the second factor was timing of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum applications i.e.: in the field, nursery, and control. The results show that the mycorrhizal application in the nursery significantly increased the infection percentage (41.3%) at the age of 1 week after transplanting to the field. There are differences in physiological and growth performance of clones by the effect of timing of mycorrhizal application. Bululawang with mycorrhizal application in the nursery stage tended to have better physiological performance such as chlorophylls a, b, and total chlorophyll, photosynthesis rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, leaf area, as well as the weight of stem biomass. Mycorrhizal application in the nursery stage showed the highest increase of net assimilation rate on the PS864 and, BL clones, and the highest crop growth rate on the PS864, KK and BL clones. The mycorrizal inoculum application in the nursery increased the biomass weight of stem (11-61.1%). Infection percentage of mycorrhiza was positively correlated with the biomass weight with r2 values of 0.54.

Analysis of heat stress tolerance in winter wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Balla ◽  
S. Bencze ◽  
T. Janda ◽  
O. Veisz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Heat Sensitivity ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yield Parameters

As a consequence of climate change, the incidence of extreme weather events has increased in Hungary, as elsewhere. Extremely high temperatures are the factor causing the greatest problems for agriculture and crop production. The aim was to determine the heat tolerance of two wheat varieties (Plainsman V. and Mv Magma) by measuring physiological and yield parameters under high temperature conditions (35/20°C day/night) in the phytotron. Heat stress had a substantial influence on the chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity and yield parameters of the two winter wheat varieties. Heat stress during grain filling led to a significant reduction in the yield, biomass, grain number, harvest index and thousand-kernel weight. Significant differences could be detected between the two varieties, confirming the greater heat sensitivity of Plainsman V. and the better heat tolerance of Mv Magma. The importance of the antioxidant enzyme system was demonstrated in defence against heat stress. The activity of the enzymes glutathione-Stransferase (GSH-S-Tr), ascorbate peroxidase (APx) and catalase (CAT) was enhanced in Plainsman V., and that of GSH-S-Tr and CAT in Mv Magma. The tolerance of the wheat varieties appeared to be correlated with the antioxidant level, though changes in activity were observed for different antioxidant enzymes in the two genotypes tested.

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