scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SOIL AND AIR DROUGHT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROOT SYSTEM OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT VARIETIES AND LINES

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Likhovidova ◽  
V. L. Gaze ◽  
E. V. Ionova ◽  
D. M. Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Germinating Seeds

The article considers the effect of moisture shortage in soil on formation of winter wheat root system. According to root system development (number, volume and dry weight of roots) there have been identified the varieties ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Zhavoronok’, ‘Bonus’, ‘Kazachka’, ‘Luchezar’, ‘Shef’, ‘Polina’ and the lines ‘1120/13’, ‘1377/06’ that possess high indexes in all trials. The estimation of drought tolerance on growth power of germinal roots was carried out on winter wheat seeds, germinated in rolls on a completely nutrient mixture ‘Knopa’. The largest increase of germinal roots was found on the samples ‘Polina’ (on 14.6 cm), ‘134/11’ (on 13.9 cm), ‘Asket’ (on 13.8 cm), ‘1430/12’ (on 13.6 cm), ‘110/11’ and ‘1120/13’ (on 13.2 cm), ‘Krasa Dona’ (on 13.0 cm). Drought tolerance has been determined according to the degree of seed germination on osmotic sucrose solution (16 atm). The analyzed samples have been divided into the following groups: the 1-st group – highly tolerant samples (10), the 2-d group – average tolerant samples (4), the 3-d group – not tolerant samples (6). The assessment of heat resistance showed that 13 samples from 20 analyzed ones belong to the 1-st group of highly heat resistant; 7 samples belong to average resistant. To characterize various indexes of plant resistance and their correlation there have been used a method of determining the complex resistance index of germinating seeds. The samples ‘Asket’ (253.4 r. u.), ‘1377/06’ (255.4 r. u.), ‘Kazachka’ (252.1 r. u.), ‘Shef’ (245.0 r. u.), ‘Krasa Dona’ (244.3 r. u.) and ‘Polina’ (240.0 r. u.) are characterized with high complex resistance index of germinating seeds. The samples ‘Asket’, ‘1237/13’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘260/09’, ‘Kazachka’, ‘1377/06’ showed high degree of complex drought tolerance (from 31 to 43%).

scholarly journals Longleaf Pine Root System Development and Seedling Quality in Response to Copper Root Pruning and Cavity Size

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Anne Sword Sayer ◽  
Shi-Jean Susana Sung ◽  
James D. Haywood
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Cavity Size ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Primary Lateral

Abstract Cultural practices that modify root system structure in the plug of container-grown seedlings have the potential to improve root system function after planting. Our objective was to assess how copper root pruning affects the quality and root system development of longleaf pine seedlings grown in three cavity sizes in a greenhouse. Copper root pruning increased seedling size, the allocation of root system dry weight to the taproot, and the fraction of fibrous root mass allocated to secondary lateral roots compared with primary lateral roots. It decreased the allocation of root system dry weight to primary lateral roots and led to a distribution of root growth potential that more closely resembled the root growth of naturally sown seedlings. These effects of copper root pruning may benefit longleaf pine establishment. However, because copper root pruning increased competition for cavity growing space among the taproot and fibrous roots, we suggest that recommendations regarding cavity size and seedling quality parameters be tailored for copper-coated cavities.

Relationship between spatiotemporal distribution of roots and grain yield of winter wheat varieties with differing drought tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
方燕 FANG Yan ◽  
闵东红 MIN Donghong ◽  
高欣 GAO Xin ◽  
王中华 WANG Zhonghua ◽  
王军 WANG Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spatiotemporal Distribution ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Distribution Of Roots ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

scholarly journals Putative Mechanisms of Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.) via Root System Architecture Traits

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. M. Al-Naggar ◽  
M. M. Shafik ◽  
M. O. A. Elsheikh
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Crown Root ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Identifying maize genotypes with favorable root architecture traits for drought tolerance is prerequisite for initiating a successful breeding program for developing high yielding and drought tolerant varieties of maize. The aims of the present study were: (i) to identify drought tolerant genotypes of maize at flowering and grain filling, (ii) to interpret the correlations between the drought tolerance and root architecture traits and (iii) to identify the putative mechanisms of drought tolerance via root system traits. An experiment was carried out in two years using a split plot design with three replications. The main plots were assigned to three water stress levels, namely: well watering (WW), water stress at flowering (WSF) and water stress at grain filling (WSG), and sub-plots to 22 maize cultivars and populations. Drought tolerance index (DTI) had strong and positive associations with crown root length (CRL), root circumference (RC) and root dry weight (DRW) under both WSF and WSG, a negative correlation with brace root whorls (BW), and positive correlations with crown root number (CN) under WSF and brace root branching (BB) and crown root branching (CB) under WSG. These root traits are therefore considered as putative mechanisms of drought tolerance. The cultivars Pioneer-3444, SC-128, Egaseed-77, SC-10 and TWC-324 showed the most drought tolerant and the highest yielding in a descending order; each had a number of such drought tolerance mechanisms. Further investigation should be conducted to determine the underlying root mechanisms contributing to the selection of water-efficient hybrids of maize.

scholarly journals Early diagnostics of bread winter wheat varieties for drought tolerance

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (0) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
T. V. Yurchenko ◽  
T. V. Chugunkova ◽  
N. I. Prokopik
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Early Diagnostics ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The Response of Marigold (Tagets patula) Roots in Copper-treated Plug Containers

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 466c-466
Author(s):  
Gisele Martins ◽  
Robert Geneve ◽  
Sharon Kester
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Cupric Hydroxide ◽  
Effect Of Copper

A study was conducted with marigold `Little Devil Flame' to evaluate the effects of copper-treated containers on root system development in marigold (Tagets patula). The internal walls of plugs were painted or without SpinOut (Griffen Corp., Valdosta, Ga.), a form of cupric hydroxide in latex paint. Two marigold seeds were sown directly into the plugs filled with MetroMix 360 (Scott's) and thinned after 5 days. Plants were grown under standard greenhouse conditions. After 14 days, half of the plants were transplanted into 6-packs and in the other half medium was washed from and the root system were digitally analyzed using MacRhizo (Regent, Inc.). Shoot and root dry weight also were collected. Five days later, the same data were collected from the transplanted plants. Copper hydroxide reduced root and shoot growth prior to transplanting. Average root length of untreated plants was 41% larger than copper treated plants before transplanting and 25% larger after transplanting. There were no carryover effects of the copper on subsequent root growth. Copper-treated plants grew an average of 59.3 mm, while untreated plants grew 53.1 mm after transplanting. Root tips were killed when they contacted the copper-treated container surface. These roots had shorter internal and external link lengths and a greater average root diameter. It appears that the initial effect of copper on marigold roots system is to kill the root tip and inhibit further elongation. Overall branching pattern in the root system was not altered until after transplanting.

Water relations of winter wheat: 1. Growth of the root system

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Gregory ◽  
M. McGowan ◽  
P. V. Biscoe ◽  
B. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Root Dry Weight

SummaryThe production of root axes and the growth of the root system are reported for a commercially grown crop of Maris Huntsman winter wheat. Soil cores were extracted on 17 occasions during the growing season permitting a detailed study of root length and root dry weight with depth and time.Production of seminal root axes was complete by the beginning of March when all plants possessed six (occasionally seven) axes which persisted throughout the life of the crop. Nodal axes were produced continuously from mid-February until late May and finally numbered approximately 20 stem nodal axes per main stem. Total root dry weight increased exponentially until the beginning of April and then almost linearly to reach a maximum of 105 g root/m2 field in mid-June (anthesis). After anthesis, total root dry weight decreased but root growth continued below 80 cm. From April onwards, approximately 65% of the total root dry weight was in the 0–30 cm layer.

scholarly journals Effect of drought on photosynthetic apparatus, activity of antioxidant enzymes, and productivity of modern winter wheat varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Morgun ◽  
O. O. Stasik ◽  
D. A. Kiriziy ◽  
O. G. Sokolovska-Sergiienko
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The response of modern winter wheat varieties to soil drought was studied with aim of phenotyping their drought tolerance characteristics and identification of the most informative indices that may be suitable for use in breeding programs. Plants of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties Podolyanka, Khurtovyna, Vinnychanka and Prydniprovska were grown in a pot experiment. The soil moisture for control plants was maintained at a level of 70% of field capacity (FC) throughout the vegetative stage. At the flowering, watering of the treated plants was stopped to reduce the soil moisture to a level of 30% FC and then this soil moisture level was maintained for 10 days. After that, the irrigation of the treated plants was restored to the level of control. It was found that in the flag leaf under drought condition, the chlorophyll content, net CO2 assimilation rate, and transpiration rate decreased, while the leaf water deficit, the ratio of photorespiration to CO2 assimilation, and the activity of chloroplasts antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase) increased. The ten-day drought significantly reduced the grain yield from the plant. Calculations of the relative changes in the physiological parameters of treated plants as compared to the control were the most informative for the differentiation of varieties for drought tolerance. Relative changes in the content of chlorophyll in the flag leaf under drought and reduction in the total biomass of the plant closely correlated with a decrease in grain productivity (r = 0.92 and r = 0.96 respectively). There was also a significant correlation of grain productivity with a decrease in the NAR measured in the period of drought (r = 0.68). Therefore, the maintenance of the photosynthetic function of plants under conditions of insufficient water supply plays a determinant role in reducing the grain productivity losses. The relative changes in the chlorophyll content and CO2 assimilation rate in plants subjected to drought as compared to control may be used as markers of drought tolerance of genotypes for genetic improvement of wheat by conventional breeding and biotechnological methods.

scholarly journals Regulation of Sixth Seminal Root Formation by Jasmonate in Triticum aestivum L.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Alexey Pigolev ◽  
Dmitry Miroshnichenko ◽  
Sergey Dolgov ◽  
Tatyana Savchenko
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Root System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
System Development ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Germinating Seeds

A well-developed root system is an important characteristic of crop plants, which largely determines their productivity, especially under conditions of water and nutrients deficiency. Being Poaceous, wheat has more than one seminal root. The number of grown seminal roots varies in different wheat accessions and is regulated by environmental factors. Currently, the molecular mechanisms determining the number of germinated seminal roots remain poorly understood. The analysis of the root system development in germinating seeds of genetically modified hexaploid wheat plants with altered activity of jasmonate biosynthesis pathway and seeds exogenously treated with methyl jasmonate revealed the role of jasmonates in the regulation of sixth seminal root development. This regulatory effect strongly depends on the jasmonate concentration and the duration of the exposure to this hormone. The maximum stimulatory effect of exogenously applied methyl jasmonate on the formation of the sixth seminal root was achieved at 200 μM concentration after 48 h of treatment. Further increase in concentration and exposure time does not increase the stimulating effect. While 95% of non-transgenic plants under non-stress conditions possess five or fewer seminal roots, the number of plants with developed sixth seminal root reaches up to 100% when selected transgenic lines are treated with methyl jasmonate.

scholarly journals Changes in the photosynthetic efficiency of winter wheat in response to abiotic stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Balla ◽  
Szilvia Bencze ◽  
Péter Bónis ◽  
Tamás Árendás ◽  
Ottó Veisz
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Net Assimilation

AbstractThe assessment of heat and drought tolerance is of primary importance in breeding programmes designed to improve heat and drought tolerance in cereals. Three winter wheat varieties grown in controlled growth chambers were exposed to heat (H) and drought (D) stress singly and in combination (H+D). The combined effects of H and D stress were much more severe than those of individual treatments for both physiological and yield parameters during grain filling. The chlorophyll content, effective quantum yield of PSII, net assimilation rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration were greatly reduced by H, D and their interaction. Grain yield decreased to a greater extent (48.3%) in Plainsman V, averaged over the stress treatments, than in Mv Magma (67.8%) and Fatima 2 (53.7%). The least decline was found in grain number, except in Plainsman V. Mv Magma tolerated heat stress better than Fatima 2. In terms of photosynthetic activity, Plainsman V showed better drought tolerance than Mv Magma. The results showed that changes in physiological properties during stress treatment are not always associated with changes in yield parameters, so a combination of methods may be needed to give a more precise picture of the stress tolerance of wheat varieties.

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