Altitudinal distribution of bats in the Pol’ana Mts area (Central Slovakia)

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kaňuch ◽  
Anton Krištín
Keyword(s):  
Species Number ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Ecological Adaptations ◽  
Nyctalus Leisleri ◽  
Myotis Daubentonii ◽  
Reproductive Females ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Eptesicus Serotinus ◽  
Occurrence Of Species

AbstractIn May — August, bats were mist-netted along an altitudinal gradient of 350–1350 m a.s.l. in the Pol’ana Mts area, to verify the correlation of species number decrease and the increase in elevation, to find which species could be predictors of certain altitude levels and to compare the sexual occurrence of species in various altitudes. Seventeen bat species were recorded. The most abundant mist-netted species were Myotis daubentonii (16%), M. myotis (13%) and M. mystacinus (12%). Otherwise, the most frequently caught species were M. mystacinus (40%), Eptesicus serotinus, M. myotis (26%) and Nyctalus leisleri (23%). In this study at a local scale, from oak to spruce vegetation stages, decreasing number of species with increasing altitude was found. Species dominance of the individual altitudinal levels was significantly different (15 species up to 600 m a.s.l., six species over 1100 m a.s.l.). The results indicated that the occurrence of some bat species, due to their ecological adaptations, is more or less characteristic for higher or lower altitudes of the Western Carphathians. The “lowland” species were considered to be mainly E. serotinus, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, N. noctula, N. leisleri and M. daubentonii. In higher elevations (more than 850 m), the presence of reproductive females was not found, of all but one, N. noctula, of the “lowland” species which are breeding in the area. The “mountain” species were considered to be E. nilssonii and Plecotus auritus. The general occurrence and reproduction of M. mystacinus and Barbastella barbastellus, was not limited by elevation.

scholarly journals Bat assemblages in fragmented forest complexes near Rogów (central Poland)

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Lesiński ◽  
Jakub Gryz ◽  
Aleksander Rachwald ◽  
Dagny Krauze-Gryz
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Fragmented Forest ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Nyctalus Leisleri ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Myotis Daubentonii ◽  
Fragmented Forests ◽  
Eptesicus Serotinus

Abstract Habitat fragmentation affects bat assemblages living in forests by changing species composition, species richness and population densities. The aim of this paper was to determine the structure of bat assemblages in fragmented forests of central Poland (Experimental Forest Station SGGW in Rogów) based on data concerning bat fauna of this area. Our work is based on published as well as unpublished data collected between 2011–2017 and the two main methods employed during field work were: (1) evening and night bat netting, (2) detection of flying bats on transects or in points by using ultrasound detectors. 16 bat species were observed with the most common ones being serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus (Schreb.), common noctule Nyctalus noctula (Schreb.) and brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus (l.). less numerous in overall but frequently observed in some sites were the western barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus (Schreb.) and the Daubenton's bat Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl). The following species occurred rarely: greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis (Bork.), Natterer's bat M. nattereri (Kuhl), whiskered bat M. mystacinus (Kuhl), Brandt's bat M. brandtii (evers.), northern bat Eptesicus nilssonii (Keys. & Blas.) parti-coloured bat Vespertilio murinus l., lesser noctule Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl), common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreb.), nathusius' pipistrelle P. nathusii (Keys. & Blas.), soprano pipistrelle P. pygmaeus (leach) and grey long-eared bat Plecotus austriacus (Fish.). Fragmented forests of the study area did not differ significantly in terms of bat species composition from other fragmented forests of central Poland (Płońsk Plain) nor the large forest complexes of the Bolimowska and Kampinoska Forests. In this study area, however, bat assemblages were characterized by a lower relative abundance of the common noctule and a higher relative abundance of the serotine bat as compared to assemblages in other forests of central Poland. In conclusion, the forest fragmentation near Rogów does not significantly affect bat richness and fertilized habitats are suitable for relatively large populations of species such as the western barbastelle and lesser noctule.

scholarly journals Year-to-year crop shifts promote weed diversity in tropical permanent rainfed cultivation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Neyret ◽  
Anneke de Rouw ◽  
Nathalie Colbach ◽  
Henri Robain ◽  
Bounsamay Soulileuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Species Number ◽  
List Type ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
Young Tree ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Density And Biomass

AbstractIn the past decades, the expansion and modernisation of agriculture in the mountainous areas of Southeast Asia has had severe impacts on biodiversity, as the once species-rich forests were turned into homogeneous fields receiving ample external inputs. A common feature of permanent cropping with annual crops is the frequent change of crop choice, depending on market opportunities or other motives. However, the precise effect of crop shifts on weeds in tropical areas is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the short-term effect of crop sequences on the diversity of weed communities in smallholder fields in Northern Thailand. Crop choices were upland rice, maize, fallow and young tree plantations with or without intercrop. We counted the number of crop shifts and the number of crops involved during a 3-years period preceding weed sampling. We showed that the number of crop shifts did not affect weed density and biomass. However, herbaceous species number and diversity (measured as Shannon index) increased by 36% and 46% respectively, while herbaceous species dominance decreased by 38%, in fields with yearly crop shifts compared to fields with no shifts in the previous three years. The effect of a particular crop on diversity, or the effect of intercropping with young trees, was weaker. It was likely due to the more variable resources (especially light) in fields with two crop shifts, allowing species with different niches to co-exist. Crop type and frequent crop shifts did not affect shrub and tree species number, diversity or dominance. Some species were strongly associated with fields with no crop shift in the sequence (e.g. the tree Antidesma velutinosum) or to fields with two crop shifts in the sequence (e.g. the herb Centella asiatica, the C4 grass Digitaria radicosa). Overall, this study showed that in this agronomical system, maintaining yearly crop shifts does not significantly affect weed abundance, but supports in-field plant species diversity, which is likely to impact the services provisioned by tropical mountainous agro-ecosystemsHighlightsFrequent crop shifts in a crop sequence increased weed richness and diversity.Crop shifts had a stronger effect on weed richness and diversity than the current crop.The number of crop shifts did not affect weed biomass and density.Graphical abstract

Stability and Variability in Competitive Communities

Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 286 (5439) ◽  
pp. 542-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Ives ◽  
K. Gross ◽  
J. L. Klug
Keyword(s):  
Species Level ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Community Stability ◽  
Environmental Fluctuations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

Long-term variability in the abundance of populations depends on the sensitivity of species to environmental fluctuations and the amplification of environmental fluctuations by interactions among species. Although competitive interactions and species number may have diverse effects on variability measured at the individual species level, a combination of theoretical analyses shows that these factors have no effect on variability measured at the community level. Therefore, biodiversity may increase community stability by promoting diversity among species in their responses to environmental fluctuations, but increasing the number and strength of competitive interactions has little effect.

scholarly journals La vegetación del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán

2017 ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Valiente-Banuet ◽  
Alejandro Casas ◽  
Ariel Alcántara ◽  
Patricia Dávila ◽  
Noe Flores-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Columnar Cacti ◽  
Plant Associations

The plant associations of the phytogeographic province of Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley are described and classified according to the species dominance and physiognomy based on field samplings of 500 m2. The altitudinal distribution of the associations was determined conducting 250 m2 samplings located every 100 m altitude in throughout five environmental gradients. A total of 29 plant associations were recognized including nine associations dominated by columnar cacti, four types of deciduous forests, three types of Izotal, and six type of shrublands. Mountainous arboreal vegetation includes five types of forests, as well as a Mountainous lzotal. The vegetation  associated to aquatic environments along rivers and springs include Galery forests and "Tulares". The pronounced heterogeneity of Tehuacan-Cuicatlán Valley determines the diversity and the distribution of the vegetation associations.

scholarly journals KEMELIMPAHAN FITOPLANKTON DI PERAIRAN ESTUARI PAYAU BONDAN CILACAP, JAWA TENGAH (The Abundance of Phytoplankton in the Brackish Estuary of Bondan, Cilacap, Central Java)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Tjut Sugandawaty Djohan ◽  
Annisa Budyasih Ulul Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Secchi Depth ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Individual Number ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mangrove Trees

AbstrakKajian kemelimpahan fitoplankton di perairan estuari payau Bondan Cilacap telah dipelajari. Perairan Bondan merupakan perairan hutan bakau rusak dan dikoloni oleh semak dan liana bakau, padahal daun pohon bakau adalah sumber input nutrien utama untuk komunitas fitoplankton yang merupakan mata rantai pertama dalam jejaring makanan perairan hutan bakau. Pengambilan sampel fitoplankton dilakukan dengan pencuplikan menggunakan modifikasi van Dorn 5 L dan merupakan komposit 20 L air dengan ulangan 5 kali. Kualitas perairan yang diukur meliputi kecepatan arus dan angin, suhu air dan udara, kelembaban udara, jeluk perairan dan jeluk Secchi, intensitas cahaya, turbiditas, salinitas, pH, NH4+, NO3-, PO43-, dan SO42-. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa cacah spesies dominan adalah fungsional grup diatom, akan tetapi cacah individunya sedikit. Sebaliknya, cacah individu algae koloni melimpah tetapi cacah spesiesnya sedikit, dan terjadi peledakan Aphanocapsa pulchra, 188.260 individu per 100 L. Peledakan ini karena perairan didominasi air tawar dan kerusakan hutan bakau. Peledakan A. pulchra mengindikasikan kualitas perairan hutan bakau Bondan buruk. AbstractThe abundance of phytoplankton in the brackish estuary of Bondan Cilacap have been studied. Bondan waters are setting in the disturbed mangrove ecosystem, which colonized by mangrove shrubs and lianas, whereas, the mangrove leaves are the main source of nutrient input for the phytoplankton community as the first link in the mangrove aquatic food web. Phytoplankton were sampled using a 5 L modification of van Dorn and a composite of 20 L of water with 5 replications. The water qualities measured include surface current, wind speed, water and air temperatures, air humidity, Secchi depth and water depth, light intensity, turbidity, salinity, pH, NH4+, NO3-, PO43-, dan SO42-. The results showed that the number of the dominant species was diatoms, but the number of the individuals was small. In contrast, the individual number of algae colony was abundant but the species number were few, and Aphanocapsa pulchra was blooming, 188,260 individuals per 100 L. This bloom was due to the waters were dominated by freshwater and the disturbed mangrove trees. The blooming of population of A. pulchra indicated that bad waters quality.

scholarly journals Distribution of bats in Northern Cyprus (Chiroptera)

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Benda ◽  
Lauren Satterfield ◽  
Salih Gücel ◽  
Ivan Horáček ◽  
Radek Lučan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
New Records ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Nyctalus Leisleri ◽  
Pipistrellus Pipistrellus ◽  
Northern Cyprus ◽  
Southern Cyprus ◽  
Rhinolophus Euryale ◽  
First Time ◽  
Eptesicus Serotinus

Abstract A complete list of bat records available from Northern Cyprus is presented, based on both limited literature and new records, resulting from a recent field survey conducted mainly in 2018. This review is complemented by distribution maps and summaries of the distributional status of particular species. From the northern part of the island of Cyprus, at least 451 records of 21 bat species are available; viz. Rousettus aegyptiacus (26 record localities), Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (19), R. hipposideros (21), R. euryale (5), R. mehelyi (1), R. blasii (12), Myotis blythii (4), M. nattereri (10), M. emarginatus (3), M. capaccinii (1), Eptesicus serotinus (5), E. anatolicus (1), Hypsugo savii (6), Pipistrellus pipistrellus (50), P. pygmaeus (9), P. kuhlii (265), Nyctalus leisleri (1), N. lasiopterus (1), Plecotus kolombatovici (3), Miniopterus schreibersii (4), and Tadarida teniotis (5). The number of records increased elevenfold and 1.5 times more bat species were found compared to the last review published in 2007. Seven bat species (Rhinolophus euryale, Myotis emarginatus, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, P. pygmaeus, Nyctalus leisleri, N. lasiopterus, and Miniopterus schreibersii) are reported from Northern Cyprus for the first time; also, R. euryale is confirmed for the first time from the whole island. With the exception of Nyctalus noctula, for which doubtful records exist only from Southern Cyprus, the complete known bat fauna of the island was documented in Northern Cyprus. Moreover, three bat species, Rhinolopus mehelyi, Myotis capaccinii and Eptesicus anatolicus, were reported only from the northern part of Cyprus, although the record of M. capaccinii is considered as problematic and the occurrence of this species on the island is unlikely. For the first time, a population trend in a bat population is reported in Cyprus; smaller colonies of Rousettus aegyptiacus, even abandonment of roosts, were observed during the recent survey compared to numbers recorded in the mid-2000s.

scholarly journals Un caso de éxito en la restauración de un humedal tropical mediante la evaluación del ensamble de larvas de Odonata (Insecta)

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Gómez-Anaya ◽  
Rodolfo Novelo-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Reference Site ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Dominance Order ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

<strong>Abstract. A case of successful restoration of a tropical wetland evaluated through its Odonata (Insecta) larval assemblage. </strong>This article provides numerical study of the Odonata larvae from a tropical recovered wetland located in La Mancha (LM, Ramsar site 1336), Veracruz, Mexico. Larval surveys were performed during the dry and rainy seasons of 2010 and 2011 and compared to a reference site in the locality of Cansaburro (CB). The effect of site, season and year on Odonata larval abundance was explored and diversity, richness, evenness and abundance distributions of both assemblages were compared. A total of 3,718 larvae from 25 species (five Zygoptera and 20 Anisoptera) in 14 genera and three families were collected from both wetlands. Species number was equal to both wetlands although abundance was significantly higher in LM. Diversity and species abundance patterns in both sites were similar although Shannon diversity was significant and slightly higher in the reference site. Differences in species composition and species dominance order between both assemblages were observed and addressed to differences in the aquatic plant structure between both wetlands which is mainly affected by management in La Mancha and by cattle grazing in Cansaburro. While the diversity of La Mancha was lesser than the reference site, most of the results of this investigation showed that La Mancha wetland has been successfully recovered.

Identification of the environmental factors which drive the botanical and functional composition of permanent grasslands

2011 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MICHAUD ◽  
S. PLANTUREUX ◽  
B. AMIAUD ◽  
P. CARRÈRE ◽  
P. CRUZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Functional Composition ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Species Dominance

SUMMARYManaged grasslands provide environmental and agronomic services that can be predicted from the botanical and functional composition of the vegetation. These are influenced by management, edaphic and climatic factors. The present report set out to estimate and analyse the relative importance of management, soil and climate factors on botanical and functional characteristics of grassland vegetation. A set of 178 French grasslands having a large pedoclimatic and management gradient was selected, and information collected on botanical composition, pedoclimatic factors and management. Six vegetation characteristics were considered: two botanical (floristic composition and species dominance) and four functional (proportion of entomophilous species, number of oligotrophic species, leaf dry matter content and date of flowering). First, the links between the characteristics of the vegetation were analysed to check for any redundancy among them; all were kept. Second, it was demonstrated that botanical and functional characteristics were not driven by the same factors: functional composition was characterized by management, edaphic and climatic factors, whereas botanical composition was influenced mainly by climatic and edaphic factors plus other factors. Interactions between factors also have to be taken into consideration to predict botanical and functional composition of grasslands. Functional and botanical characteristics of vegetation help to predict ecosystem services delivered by grasslands and may be used in combination.

The use by bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) of various habitat types in Moldova and the Danube Delta (Romania)

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Pocora ◽  
Viorel Pocora
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Danube Delta ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Nyctalus Leisleri ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Eptesicus Serotinus ◽  
Nyctalus Noctula ◽  
Important Habitat ◽  
Made In

The use by bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) of various habitat types in Moldova and the Danube Delta (Romania) Our investigations were carried out in Moldova and the Danube Delta areas during summer periods of 2006-2010. The habitat types which were investigated were: 23 humid areas, 13 woodlands, 7 settlements - streetlamps, 25 car transects. Woodlands and humid areas are the most important habitat types to the majority of bat species, whereas the habitats along roads (mostly made in open areas) are less important. Pipistrellus kuhlii and Nyctalus noctula, also Eptesicus serotinus, Nyctalus leisleri and Vespertilio murinus proved generalists in using foraging habitats, these species being most frequently recorded. In the humid areas, Nyctalus noctula (25.2%), Myotis sp. (24%) and Pipistrellus nathusii/Pipistrellus kuhlii (22.3%) are the most abundant species. In the woodlands, Nyctalus noctula is the most abundant species (19.5%), followed by Pipistrellus nathusii/Pipistrellus kuhlii (17.6%) and Myotis sp. (11.2%). Along the roads, Nyctalus noctula (44%) and Eptesicus serotinus (13.2%) are the most abundant species. At the streetlamps, Nyctalus noctula (45.4%) and Nyctalus leisleri (12.8%) are the most abundant species. In the settlements, Pipistrellus kuhlii (26%) and Nyctalus noctula (23%) are the most abundant species.

Schizotrypanum in British bats

Parasitology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Gardner ◽  
D. H. Molyneux
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Bed Bug ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Density Centrifugation ◽  
Nyctalus Leisleri ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Eptesicus Serotinus

SUMMARYTwo species of Schizotrypanum, T. (S.) dionisii and T. (S.) vespertilionis, were identified from British bats. Laboratory studies on stocks of isolated trypanosomes from 5 species of bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Nyctalus leisleri, N. noctula, Eptesicus serotinus and Myotis brandti) indicated that the predominant species was T. d. dionisii. Collections and dissection of the bat bug Cimex pipistrelli from bat roosts revealed flagellate infection in a total of 12 out of 20 bugs; 7 of these bugs had metacyclic trypanosomes present. C. pipistrelli and the human bed bug, C. lectularius were reared in the laboratory and allowed to feed on wild-caught bats known to be infected with T. d. dionisii. Development occurred in both species of Cimex. Cimex spp. could be used to detect subpatent Schizotrypanum infections by xenodiagnosis. This technique was used to test the parasitological status of bats collected in the wild or reared in captivity. On a single occasion an apparent transmission of T. d. dionisii to an uninfected (by xenodiagnosis) laboratory reared bat was achieved. A stock of Schizotrypanum isolated from a wild-caught C. pipistrelli collected in a N. leisteri roost was identified by DNA buoyant density centrifugation as T. (S.) vespertilionis. A P. pipistrellus known to be infected with T. d. dionisii was found to have cyst-like structures in thoracic skeletal muscle containing amastigotes. The study provided the strongest evidence yet that C. pipistrelli is the vector of Schizotrypanum in British bats.

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