scholarly journals KEMELIMPAHAN FITOPLANKTON DI PERAIRAN ESTUARI PAYAU BONDAN CILACAP, JAWA TENGAH (The Abundance of Phytoplankton in the Brackish Estuary of Bondan, Cilacap, Central Java)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Tjut Sugandawaty Djohan ◽  
Annisa Budyasih Ulul Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Secchi Depth ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Individual Number ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mangrove Trees

AbstrakKajian kemelimpahan fitoplankton di perairan estuari payau Bondan Cilacap telah dipelajari. Perairan Bondan merupakan perairan hutan bakau rusak dan dikoloni oleh semak dan liana bakau, padahal daun pohon bakau adalah sumber input nutrien utama untuk komunitas fitoplankton yang merupakan mata rantai pertama dalam jejaring makanan perairan hutan bakau. Pengambilan sampel fitoplankton dilakukan dengan pencuplikan menggunakan modifikasi van Dorn 5 L dan merupakan komposit 20 L air dengan ulangan 5 kali. Kualitas perairan yang diukur meliputi kecepatan arus dan angin, suhu air dan udara, kelembaban udara, jeluk perairan dan jeluk Secchi, intensitas cahaya, turbiditas, salinitas, pH, NH4+, NO3-, PO43-, dan SO42-. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa cacah spesies dominan adalah fungsional grup diatom, akan tetapi cacah individunya sedikit. Sebaliknya, cacah individu algae koloni melimpah tetapi cacah spesiesnya sedikit, dan terjadi peledakan Aphanocapsa pulchra, 188.260 individu per 100 L. Peledakan ini karena perairan didominasi air tawar dan kerusakan hutan bakau. Peledakan A. pulchra mengindikasikan kualitas perairan hutan bakau Bondan buruk. AbstractThe abundance of phytoplankton in the brackish estuary of Bondan Cilacap have been studied. Bondan waters are setting in the disturbed mangrove ecosystem, which colonized by mangrove shrubs and lianas, whereas, the mangrove leaves are the main source of nutrient input for the phytoplankton community as the first link in the mangrove aquatic food web. Phytoplankton were sampled using a 5 L modification of van Dorn and a composite of 20 L of water with 5 replications. The water qualities measured include surface current, wind speed, water and air temperatures, air humidity, Secchi depth and water depth, light intensity, turbidity, salinity, pH, NH4+, NO3-, PO43-, dan SO42-. The results showed that the number of the dominant species was diatoms, but the number of the individuals was small. In contrast, the individual number of algae colony was abundant but the species number were few, and Aphanocapsa pulchra was blooming, 188,260 individuals per 100 L. This bloom was due to the waters were dominated by freshwater and the disturbed mangrove trees. The blooming of population of A. pulchra indicated that bad waters quality.

scholarly journals Antigens of worms and eggs showed a differentiated detection of specific IgG according to the time of Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaella Fortini Queiroz Grenfell ◽  
Watson Hermann Martins ◽  
Vanessa Silva-Moraes ◽  
Suedali Villas-Boas Barata ◽  
Elizandra Giani Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Perfusion Technique ◽  
Individual Number ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Immunological Assays ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Positive Groups ◽  
Sera Samples

INTRODUCTION: The correlation between the immunological assay and the antibody titer can offer a tool for the experimental analysis of different phases of the disease. METHODS: Two simple immunological assays for Schistosoma mansoni in mice sera samples based on specific IgG detection for worms soluble antigens and eggs soluble antigens were standardized and evaluated in our laboratory. Fifty mice were used in negative and positive groups and the results obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) assays were compared with the number of worms counted and the IgG titers at different times of infection. RESULTS: Data showed that ELISA using adult worm antigens (ELISA-SWAP) presented a satisfactory correlation between the absorbance value of IgG titers and the individual number of worms counted after perfusion technique (R²=0.62). In addition, ELISA-SWAP differentially detected positive samples with 30 and 60 days post infection (p=0.011 and 0.003, respectively), whereas ELISA using egg antigens (ELISA-SEA) detected samples after 140 days (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: These data show that the use of different antigens in immunological methods can be used as potential tools for the analysis of the chronological evolution of S. mansoni infection in murine schistosomiasis. Correlations with human schistosomiasis are discussed.

scholarly journals Interannual and long-term changes in the trophic state of a multibasin lake: effects of morphology, climate, winter aeration, and beaver activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale M. Robertson ◽  
William J. Rose ◽  
Paul C. Reneau
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Secchi Depth ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Main Flow ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
P Sources

Little St. Germain Lake (LSG), a relatively pristine multibasin lake in Wisconsin, USA, was examined to determine how morphologic (internal), climatic (external), anthropogenic (winter aeration), and natural (beaver activity) factors affect the trophic state (phosphorus, P; chlorophyll, CHL; and Secchi depth, SD) of each of its basins. Basins intercepting the main flow and external P sources had highest P and CHL and shallowest SD. Internal loading in shallow, polymictic basins caused P and CHL to increase and SD to decrease as summer progressed. Winter aeration used to eliminate winterkill increased summer internal P loading and decreased water quality, while reductions in upstream beaver impoundments had little effect on water quality. Variations in air temperature and precipitation affected each basin differently. Warmer air temperatures increased productivity throughout the lake and decreased clarity in less eutrophic basins. Increased precipitation increased P in the basins intercepting the main flow but had little effect on the isolated deep West Bay. These relations are used to project effects of future climatic changes on LSG and other temperate lakes.

scholarly journals Frazil-ice entrainment of sediment: large-tank laboratory experiments

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (158) ◽  
pp. 461-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Henrik Smedsrud
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Vertical Diffusion ◽  
Turbulent Dissipation ◽  
Frazil Ice ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Sediment Entrainment ◽  
Ice Production

AbstractLaboratory experiments that simulate natural ice-formation processes and sediment entrainment in shallow water are presented. A 10–30 cm s−1 current was forced with impellers in a 20 m long, 1 m deep indoor tank. Turbulence in the flow maintained a suspension of sediments at concentrations of 10–20 mg L−1 at 0.5 m depth. Low air temperatures (∼−15°C) and 5 m s−1 winds resulted in total upward heat fluxes in the range 140–260 W m−2. The cooling produced frazil-ice crystals up to 2 cm in diameter with concentrations up to 4.5 g L−1 at 0.5 m depth. Considerable temporal variability with time-scales of <1 min was documented. A close to constant portion of the smaller frazil crystals remained in suspension. After some hours the larger crystals, which made up most of the ice volume, accumulated as slush at the surface. Current measurements were used to calculate the turbulent dissipation rate, and estimates of vertical diffusion were derived. After 5–8 hours, sediment concentrations in the surface slush were normally close to those of the water. After 24 hours, however, they were 2–4 times higher. Data indicate that sediment entrainment depends on high heat fluxes and correspondingly high frazil-ice production rates, as well as sufficiently strong turbulence. Waves do not seem to increase sediment entrainment significantly.

Implementation of Drinking Water Supply Programs And Sanitation Community Based (PAMSIMAS) (at Blora District, Blora Regency, Central Java)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
Munawar Noor ◽  
Christine Diah ◽  
Pratiwi Tedjo
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Delegation Of Authority ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Sample Technique ◽  
The Individual

This research was initiated from the Pamsimas program targets have not yet been achieved. The causes were limited water sources and raw water supply, sanitation and hygiene behavior, public awareness of the importance of healthy living behavior was low. This study was to describe and analyze the implementation of the Pamsimas program and the supporting/inhibiting factors of the Program. This study used a qualitative approach by selecting key-informants based on a purposive sample technique. The results showed that the the implementation of the Pamsimas Program in Blora Sub-district was not optimal in terms of the variables as a prerequisite for program implementation. These prerequisites tend to be rigid, making it difficult for program implementers in the field to make decisions that are not included in the standard operational procedures (SOP). On the other hand, the individual and community behavior and participatory to the program in supporting the provision of clean water to be positiveBesides that the factors of limited water sources and raw water supply, unsafe sanitation and drinking water remained unsolved. Recommendations of the conclusions of the study are the delegation of authority related to the bureaucratic structure, especially the standard operating procedures (SOP) and the absence / scarcity of raw water sources for clean watethat needs attention to program managers in the field. 

Stability and Variability in Competitive Communities

Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 286 (5439) ◽  
pp. 542-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Ives ◽  
K. Gross ◽  
J. L. Klug
Keyword(s):  
Species Level ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Community Stability ◽  
Environmental Fluctuations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

Long-term variability in the abundance of populations depends on the sensitivity of species to environmental fluctuations and the amplification of environmental fluctuations by interactions among species. Although competitive interactions and species number may have diverse effects on variability measured at the individual species level, a combination of theoretical analyses shows that these factors have no effect on variability measured at the community level. Therefore, biodiversity may increase community stability by promoting diversity among species in their responses to environmental fluctuations, but increasing the number and strength of competitive interactions has little effect.

scholarly journals Fish colonization of the artificial reef at Gusung Batu Lampe Muara Badak, Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan, Indonesia: a preliminary study

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Iwan Suyatna ◽  
Nova Andika Saptura ◽  
Ristiana Eryati ◽  
Adnan Adnan ◽  
Muchlis Effendi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Species Number ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Scuba Divers ◽  
Observation Area ◽  
Individual Number ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Concrete Blocks

Background: Artificial reefs can be utilized as new habitats to restore fish populations in degraded coral reef environments. This study evaluated the restoring ability of the artificial reef set at Gusung Batu Lampe should be investigated by observing the fish population colonizing the reef. Methods: A fish visual census was applied to identify the species and count their numbers at the site. Underwaterline transect was used to limit the observation area to 200 m2 measured with 50m roll meter. The reef structure comprised 34 tetrahedral concrete blocks arranged in a row, which was 60 cm x 60 cm at the base, 35 cm x 35 cm on top and 60 cm high, and has four holes.  Two scuba divers descended, one to ensure the safety of the divers and the other to observe the fish. Each dive took place over 30–45 minutes, and was conducted at 09:00, 13:00 and 17:00. Surveys were performed four times: in November and December 2016, and in January and July 2017. Results: Results showed that fish colonization composed of 180 to 283 individual number with taxa between 13 and 25 species.  Number of fish in colonization was found significant difference among observation times, and fish species from the family Chaetodontidae were observed in every survey. Conclusions: A total of 38 fish species from 16 families were identified colonizing the reef during surveys, and in four month observation the fish colonization size increased from the fish density of 1/4.444 m2 to 1/1.481 m2, confirming the ability of  the reef  to restore fish population.

scholarly journals How Counting Leads to Children’s First Representations of Exact, Large Numbers

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara W. Sarnecka ◽  
Meghan C. Goldman ◽  
Emily B. Slusser
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Successor Function ◽  
Number Words ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Individual Number ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time ◽  
Exact Equality

Young children initially learn to ‘count’ without understanding either what counting means, or what numerical quantities the individual number words pick out. Over a period of many months, children assign progressively more sophisticated meanings to the number words, linking them to discrete objects, to quantification, to numerosity, and so on. Eventually, children come to understand the logic of counting. Along with this knowledge comes an implicit understanding of the successor function, as well as of the principle of equinumerosity, or exact equality between sets. Thus, when children arrive at a mature understanding of counting, they have (for the first time in their lives) a way of mentally representing exact, large numbers.

scholarly journals METODE PENYULUHAN PADI PADA PROGRAM UPAYA KHUSUS PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI PADI DI JAWA TENGAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Fitriana
Keyword(s):  
Extension Agents ◽  
Indirect Communication ◽  
Group Approach ◽  
Target Number ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Integrated Crop Management ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Central Java Province ◽  
Selection Of

Implementation of rice extension as an effort to support the Program Upaya Khusus Peningkatan Produksi  Padi, Jagung dan Kedelai (Upsus Pajale) in Central Java Province. The extension of Integrated Crop Management (IPM) of rice technology aims to encourage farmers to implement the technology. The selection of extension methods affects farmers' acceptance of the IPM of rice. This study aims to examine the methods and media of extension used to disseminate IPM of rice and how farmers respond to extension methods and extension media. This study uses a quantitative approach. Data collection using survey techniques from September 2018 to March 2019. Respondents from 153 farmers were in 6 districts / cities, Purbalingga Regency, Tegal Regency, Magelang Regency, Purworejo Regency, Magelang City and Semarang City. The results showed that during the program period, extension worker used a variety of extension methods. Based on the target number, the extension worker used two extension methods, namely the group approach and the individual approach. Based on the recipient's senses, the extension worker used methods that prioritize the sense of sight, sense of hearing and a combination of sense of acceptance. The type of communication used is direct and indirect communication using print media, electronic media, and sometimes social media. Farmers think the extension method, extension media and extension tools are good enough. The response of farmers who rate is good enough can be an indicator that the implementation of extension is going well enough. For the implementation of extension services in the future, it is recommended that extension agents choose extension methods that are more appropriate for farmers so that the extension goals are achieved optimally.

scholarly journals Flight density of the aquatic insect fauna over the water surface in the middle reaches of the Shinano River, Japan, mainly among caddisflies (Trichoptera)

Zoosymposia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
KIMIO HIRABAYASHI ◽  
ERI IKUTAMA ◽  
KOUSAKU OHKAWA ◽  
RYOICHI ARAI ◽  
TAKAOMI NOMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Individual Number ◽  
Caddisfly Larvae ◽  
Aquatic Insect Fauna ◽  
The Individual

We focused on the relative number of flying adult caddisflies on the river surface captured by sticky board traps with the aim of elucidating differences in the distribution pattern of caddisfly larvae along the slope in the middle reaches of the Shinano River. The individual number of adult caddisflies caught increased from April and decreased from October. Even in the same middle reaches of a river, there was a large difference geographically in the species captured. Hydroptila sp. was caught mainly downstream of the Taishyobashi Bridge, Psychomyia acutipennis (Ulmer 1908) in the vicinity of the Taishyobashi Bridge, and Stenopsyche marmorata Navás 1920 upstream of the Awasabashi Bridge. It is known that the slope of the Shinano River bed suddenly becomes less and the flow rate slower in the area from the Taishyobashi Bridge to the Awasabashi Bridge, and it was shown that the species composition and number of aquatic insects caught changes with the change in the slope of the river bed.

scholarly journals Komunitas Gastropoda Mangrove di Sungai Perpat dan Bunting, Kecamatan Belinyu, Kabupaten Bangka

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Eka Yuliawati ◽  
Budi Afriyansyah ◽  
Nova Mujiono
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems ◽  
Number Of Individuals

<strong>Mangrove gastropod community in Perpat and Bunting Rivers, Belinyu District, Bangka Regency</strong>. Perpat and Bunting in Bangka Regency have an adequate and natural mangrove ecosystems. However, studies on the structure of the gastropod community in this ecosystem is lacking. This study aimed to discover the structure of the gastropod community in the mangrove ecosystem. This study was carried out from October to November 2019 in riverine mangrove area located in Perpat and Bunting Rivers, District Belinyu, Bangka Regency. Samples were taken from 10 x 10 m plot from six observed stations. A total of 578 individuals of gastropoda were collected, comprised of seven families and 14 species. Number of species ranged from 4 to 9, while number of individuals ranged from 35 to 214. <em>Cerithidea quoyii</em> was a dominant species with 270 individuals (47%) and found in all stations. Gastropods community was in labile condition and prone to environmental change. Species composition of gastropods were similar in both rivers with nine identical species. However, epifaunal species were found separately from arboreal species

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