Evaluation of canopy transpiration rate by applying a plant hormone “abscisic acid”

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Yasutake ◽  
Masaharu Kitano ◽  
Tetsuo Kobayashi ◽  
Kota Hidaka ◽  
Takahiro Wajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Canopy Transpiration ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Corn Canopy

AbstractA method for evaluation of temporal changes in canopy transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in crop fields by using a plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) has recently been developed. The method was applied to a corn canopy at different growth stages in the upper Yellow River basin, China. Diurnal changes in the canopy transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were evaluated at the initial stage with a leaf area index (LAI) of 0.37 on June 7 and the crop development stage with an LAI of 4.39 on July 15, 2005. The proportions of the accumulated transpiration rate during daytime to the accumulated evapotranspiration were 24% and 74% at the initial and crop development stages, respectively. Stomatal conductance varied in parallel with transpiration rate in the initial stage of the crop. However, in the crop development stage with low soil water content, stomatal conductance reached the maximum value at 10:00 a.m. and thereafter decreased rapidly at around noon with high evaporative demand to corn canopy. This shows the midday stomatal closure was caused by excessive water stress to corn canopy in the crop development stage. Thus, the proposed method with ABA application is useful for evaluation of temporal changes in transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, and hence, can detect the plant water stress.

scholarly journals Interactions between leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and abscisic acid content of orange trees submitted to drought stress

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara de Menezes de Assis Gomes ◽  
Ana Maria Magalhães Andrade Lagôa ◽  
Camilo Lázaro Medina ◽  
Eduardo Caruso Machado ◽  
Marcos Antônio Machado
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Abscisic Acid Content

Thirty-month-old 'Pêra' orange trees grafted on 'Rangpur' lemon trees grown in 100 L pots were submitted to water stress by the suspension of irrigation. CO2 assimilation (A), transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (g s) values declined from the seventh day of stress, although the leaf water potential at 6:00 a.m. (psipd) and at 2:00 p.m. (psi2) began to decline from the fifth day of water deficiency. The CO2 intercellular concentration (Ci) of water-stressed plants increased from the seventh day, reaching a maximum concentration on the day of most severe stress. The carboxylation efficiency, as revealed by the ratio A/Ci was low on this day and did not show the same values of non-stressed plants even after ten days of rewatering. After five days of rewatering only psi pd and psi2 were similar to control plants while A, E and g s were still different. When psi2 decreases, there was a trend for increasing abscisic acid (ABA) concentration in the leaves. Similarly, stomatal conductance was found to decrease as a function of decreasing psi2. ABA accumulation and stomatal closure occurred when psi2 was lower than -1.0 MPa. Water stress in 'Pera´ orange trees increased abscisic acid content with consequent stomatal closure and decreased psi2 values.

scholarly journals Evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of drip irrigated watermelon in Piaui coastline, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson A. Bastos ◽  
Cláudio R. Silva ◽  
Braz H. N. Rodrigues ◽  
Aderson S. Andrade Jr. ◽  
Lívia M. M. Ibiapina
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Electronic Sensors

The knowledge of the evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficient (Kc) is fundamental to plan and to manage the irrigation of any crop. The aim of this study was to determine the daily and hourly evapotranspiration of drip irrigated watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus, var. Crimson Sweet) and crop coefficient (Kc) in each crop development phase. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area of 1.27 ha of Embrapa Mid-North, localized in Parnaíba (02°54'S, 41°47'W and 46 m above of sea), State of Piauí, Brazil, from September to November, 2006. Electronic weighing lysimeters of 1.5 m x 1.5 m wide and long and 1.0 m deep were used to obtain the evapotranspiration. The plants were drip irrigated with a lateral row per plant row and drippers spaced 0.5 m from each other. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated using the Penman-Monteith equation from the climatic data obtained by electronic sensors. The total evapotranspiration during the watermelon crop cycle cultivated in the state of Piauí was 233.87 mm, with mean values of 3.7 mm day-1, minimum of 1.18 and maximum of 8.14 mm day-1. The Kc of the drip irrigated watermelon was 0.18 in the initial stage of crop growth; 0.18 to 1.3, in crop development stage; 1.3 in the intermediate stage and 0.43 in the final stage.

scholarly journals IS ABSCISIC ACID INVOLVED IN THE DROUGHT RESPONSES OF BRAZILIAN GREEN DWARF COCONUT?

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. GOMES ◽  
M. A. OLIVA ◽  
M. S. MIELKE ◽  
A-A. F. DE ALMEIDA ◽  
H. G. LEITE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Recovery Cycles ◽  
Mild Drought

SUMMARYAbscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in leaves of drought-stressed coconut palms and its involvement with stomatal regulation of gas exchange during and after stress were investigated. Two Brazilian Green Dwarf coconut ecotypes from hot/humid and hot/dry environments were submitted to three consecutive drying/recovery cycles under greenhouse conditions. ABA accumulated in leaflets before significant changes in pre-dawn leaflet water potential (ΨPD) and did not recover completely in the two ecotypes after 8 days of rewatering. Stomatal conductance was influenced by ABA under mild drought and by ΨPD under severe drought. There were no significant differences between the ecotypes for most variables measured. However, the ecotype from a hot/dry environment showed higher water use efficiency after repeated cycles of water stress.

scholarly journals Effects of Short-term Water Stress, Hydrophilic Polymer Amendment, and Antitranspirant on Stomatal Status, Transpiration, Water Loss, and Growth in `Better Boy' Tomato Plants

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 647f-648
Author(s):  
Sanliang Gu ◽  
Sunghee Guak ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami ◽  
Charles H. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Hydrophilic Polymer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Transpirational Water Loss

Seedling plugs of `Better Boy' tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were potted in processed fiber:perlite (60:40% by volume) media amended or nonamended with either crystalline or powdered hydrophilic polymer (2.4 kg·m–3), and treated with one of the several concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%) of antitranspirant GLK-8924, at the four true-leaf stage. Plants were either well-irrigated or subjected to short-term water stress, water withholding for 3 days, after antitranspirant GLK-8924 application. Leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, whole plant transpirational water loss, and growth were depressed by short-term water stress and antitranspirant GLK-8924. In contrast, hydrophilic polymer amendment increased plant growth, resulting in higher transpirational water loss. The depression of stomatal conductance and transpiration rate by short-term water stress was reversed completely in 2 days after rewatering while the reduction of plant growth rate diminished immediately. The effects of antitranspirant GLK-8924 were nearly proportional to its concentration and lasted 8 days on stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, 4 days on plant growth rate, and throughout the experimental period on plant height and transpirational water loss. Plant growth was reduced by antitranspirant GLK-8924 possibly by closing leaf stomata. In contrast, hydrophilic polymer amendment resulted in larger plants by factors other than influences attributed to stomatal status. Hydrophilic polymer amendment did not interact with antitranspirant GLK-8924 on all variables measured. The application of antitranspirant GLK-8924 was demonstrated to be useful for regulating plant water status, plant growth and protecting plants from short-term water stress.

Effect of Water Stress on Photosynthetic Parameters of Soybean (Glycine max) and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip H. Munger ◽  
James M. Chandler ◽  
J. Tom Cothren
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to elucidate the effects of water stress on photosynthetic parameters of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hutton′] and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik. # ABUTH). Stomatal conductance of both species responded curvilinearly to reductions in leaf water potential. At leaf water potentials less negative than −2.5 MPa, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate were greater in velvetleaf than in soybean. Soybean photosynthetic rate was linearly related to stomatal conductance. Velvetleaf photosynthetic rate increased linearly with stomatal conductances up to 1.5 cm s–1; however, no increase in photosynthetic rate was observed at stomatal conductances greater than 1.5 cm s–1, indicating nonstomatal limitations to photosynthesis. As water stress intensified, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration of velvetleaf declined more rapidly than in soybean.

scholarly journals EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO E COEFICIENTE DE CULTIVO DO FEIJÃO-CAUPI NO VALE DO GURGUÉIA, PIAUÍ

Irriga ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Alves Bastos ◽  
Valber Mendes Ferreira ◽  
Cláudio Ricardo da Silva ◽  
Aderson Soares de Andrade Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Culture Cycle ◽  
Weighing Lysimeter

EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO E COEFICIENTE DE CULTIVO DO FEIJÃO-CAUPI NO VALE DO GURGUÉIA, PIAUÍ  Edson Alves Bastos1;Valber Mendes Ferreira2; Cláudio Ricardo da Silva2; Aderson Soares de Andrade Júnior11 Embrapa Meio-Norte, [email protected] Universidade Federal do Piauí  1 RESUMO A determinação dos valores do coeficiente de cultivo (Kc), durante o ciclo de desenvolvimento, é fundamental para se obter as necessidades hídricas de uma cultura. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a evapotranspiração e o Kc do feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), variedade BR-17 Gurguéia, durante os diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento, utilizando um lisímetro de pesagem eletrônico. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Alvorada do Gurguéia, localizado no Vale do Gurguéia, PI, durante o período de agosto a outubro de 2005. A evapotranspiração de referência foi estimada pelo método de Penman-Monteith com base nos dados meteorológicos obtidos por uma estação agrometeorológica automática. Os resultados mostraram que a ETc foi de 288,5 mm para todo o ciclo da cultura, correspondente a um valor médio de 4,1 mm dia-1. O estádio fenológico de maior demanda hídrica foi o reprodutivo, com 5,4 mm dia-1 e os valores de Kc foram de: 0,8, no estádio inicial;0,8 a 1,1, no estádio de crescimento;1,1 a 1,4 no estádio reprodutivo e de1,4 a 0,3 no estádio final. UNITERMOS: Lisímetro de pesagem, manejo de irrigação, consumo hídrico, Kc, Vigna unguiculata.  BASTOS, E.B.; FERREIRA, V.M.; SILVA, C. R. da; ANDRADE JÚNIOR, A.S. de. COWPEA EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND CROP COEFFICIENT  IN THEGURGUEIAVALLEY,PIAUI STATE,BRAZIL  2 ABSTRACT The determination of crop coefficient (Kc) values is essential to obtain crop water demand throughout its development stage. The present work aimed to determine cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. BR-17 Gurgueia variety) crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and Kc values during the crop development, using an electronic weighing lysimeter. The experiment was carried out in Alvorada do Gurgueia, located in theGurgueiaValley. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated by Penman-Monteith method with climatic data obtained from an automatic weather station installed in the area. The results showed that the ETc was288.5 mm for the entire culture cycle, corresponding to4.1 mm day ˉ¹. The highest water demand occurred at the reproductive phonological stage (an average of5.4 mm day ˉ¹). Kc values were: 0.8 at the initial stage, 0.8 to 1.1 at the crop development stage, 1.1 to 1.4 at the reproductive stage and 1.4 to 0.3 at the end of the cycle.KEY WORDS: weighing lysimeter, irrigation management, water consumption, Kc, Vigna unguiculata.

scholarly journals Effects of Antitranspirant and Leaching on Medium Solution Osmotic Potential, Leaf Gas Exchange, Abscisic Acid Content, and Growth of `Early Girl' Tomato Plants

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 648a-648
Author(s):  
Sanliang Gu ◽  
Lailiang Cheng ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Aba Content

`Early Girl' tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown in a medium containing peatmoss and perlite (60%:40% by volume). The medium was drenched with 0% or 5% GLK-8924 antitranspirant. Half of the plants were flushed daily with 250 mL water (leaching), and the other half were subirrigated by capillarity. The solution osmotic potential of the medium was reduced significantly by 5% GLK 8924 treatment, then recovered gradually to the control level after 3 days with leaching or 10 days without leaching. Leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and plant growth were depressed by the antitranspirant application, and the depression was alleviated by leaching. Neither antitranspirant GLK-8924 treatment nor leaching influenced leaf abscisic acid (ABA) content. The effect of the antitranspirant on leaf gas exchange and plant growth was highly related to the reduction in the solution osmotic potential of the medium, but not to leaf ABA content. Younger leaves had higher stomatal conductance and transpiration rate but lower ABA content than older leaves in general.

scholarly journals Effects of Short-term Water Stress, Hydrophilic Polymer Amendment, and Antitranspirant on Stomatal Status, Transpiration, Water loss, and Growth in `Better Boy' Tomato Plants

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanliang Gu ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami ◽  
Sung H. Guak ◽  
Charles Shin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Hydrophilic Polymer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Transpirational Water Loss

Seedling plugs of `Better Boy' tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were potted in 60% processed fiber: 40% perlite (by volume) media amended or nonamended with either crystalline or powdered hydrophilic polymer (2.4 kg·m-3), and treated with one of several concentrations (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%) of antitranspirant GLK-8924, at the four true-leaf stage. Plants were either well-irrigated or subjected to short-term water stress, withholding water for 3 days, after antitranspirant GLK-8924 application. Leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, whole-plant transpirational water loss, and growth were depressed by short-term water stress and antitranspirant GLK-8924. In contrast, hydrophilic polymer amendment increased plant growth, resulting in higher transpirational water loss. The depression of stomatal conductance and transpiration rate by short-term water stress was reversed completely in 2 days after rewatering while the reduction of plant growth rate diminished immediately. The effects of antitranspirant GLK-8924 were nearly proportional to its concentration and lasted 8 days on stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, 4 days on plant growth rate, and throughout the experimental period on plant height and transpirational water loss. Plant growth was reduced by antitranspirant GLK-8924 possibly by closing leaf stomata. In contrast, hydrophilic polymer amendment resulted in larger plants by factors other than influences attributed to stomatal status. Hydrophilic polymer amendment did not interact with antitranspirant GLK-8924 on all variables measured. The application of antitranspirant GLK-8924 was demonstrated to be useful for regulating plant water status, plant growth, and protecting plants from short-term water stress.

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