scholarly journals Effects of Antitranspirant and Leaching on Medium Solution Osmotic Potential, Leaf Gas Exchange, Abscisic Acid Content, and Growth of `Early Girl' Tomato Plants

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 648a-648
Author(s):  
Sanliang Gu ◽  
Lailiang Cheng ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Aba Content

`Early Girl' tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown in a medium containing peatmoss and perlite (60%:40% by volume). The medium was drenched with 0% or 5% GLK-8924 antitranspirant. Half of the plants were flushed daily with 250 mL water (leaching), and the other half were subirrigated by capillarity. The solution osmotic potential of the medium was reduced significantly by 5% GLK 8924 treatment, then recovered gradually to the control level after 3 days with leaching or 10 days without leaching. Leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and plant growth were depressed by the antitranspirant application, and the depression was alleviated by leaching. Neither antitranspirant GLK-8924 treatment nor leaching influenced leaf abscisic acid (ABA) content. The effect of the antitranspirant on leaf gas exchange and plant growth was highly related to the reduction in the solution osmotic potential of the medium, but not to leaf ABA content. Younger leaves had higher stomatal conductance and transpiration rate but lower ABA content than older leaves in general.

The Effects of Drought on Leaf Gas Exchange and Growth of Three Species of Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 540a-540
Author(s):  
K.J. Prevete ◽  
R.T. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Analysis System

Three species of herbaceous perennials were tested on their ability to withstand and recover from drought stress periods of 2, 4, and 6 days. Eupatorium rugosum and Boltonia asteroides `Snowbank' were chosen because of their reported drought intolerance, while Rudbeckia triloba was chosen based on its reported drought tolerance. Drought stress began on 19 Sept. 1997. Plants were transplanted into the field the day following the end of each stress period. The effects of drought on transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthetic rate were measured during the stress and throughout recovery using an infrared gas analysis system. Leaf gas exchange measurements were taken through recovery until there were no differences between the stressed plants and the control plants. Transpiration, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis of Rudbeckia and Boltonia were not affected until 4 days after the start of stress. Transpiration of Eupatorium decreased after 3 days of stress. After rewatering, leaf gas exchange of Boltonia and Rudbeckia returned to non-stressed levels quicker than Eupatorium. Growth measurements were taken every other day during stress, and then weekly following transplanting. Measurements were taken until a killing frost that occurred on 3 Nov. There were no differences in the growth between the stressed and non-stressed plants in any of the species. Plants will be monitored throughout the winter, spring, and summer to determine the effects of drought on overwintering capability and regrowth.

scholarly journals Si attenuates the transpiration and increases both N assimilation and root development in the tomato under N availabilities

2020 ◽  
pp. 1926-1934
Author(s):  
Roberta Corrêa Nogueirol ◽  
Simone da Costa Mello ◽  
João Cardoso de Souza Junior ◽  
Rafael Gómez Arrieta ◽  
Francisco Antonio Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tomato Plants

Nitrogen (N) is the most important nutrient in crop productivity and silicon (Si) increases the uptake of nutrients and affect the uptake of N. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Si combined with rates of N on the growth, root development, uptake of N and Si, assimilation of N, and photosynthesis of the tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). A factorial 3 × 3 was used, with rates of Si 0 (control treatment), 1, and 3 mmol L–1, and rates of N 5 (control treatment), 15, and 25 mmol L–1 in the nutrient solution. The rates of N did not affect the dry mass production and uptake of Si. However, the application of Si improved the plant growth and accumulation of Si and N. Relating to control treatment, the rate of Si 1 mmol L–1 increases the dry mass production and accumulation of Si and N in order of 52, 37, and 54 %, respectively. Although the rate of N did not increase the plant growth, it was verified that the N 15 mmol L–1 improves the concentration and accumulation of N in the shoots, and the relative concentration of chlorophyll with values of 43.5, 67, and 14 %, respectively, compared to the control. The supply of Si under low and high availability of N improved the glutamine synthetase, but at the rate of N 25 mmol L–1, a decrease in the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance was verified. Under the high availability of N, the glutamine synthetase raised 78 % as an effect of Si 3 mmol L–1 compared to control treatment (Si 0 mmol L–1). Nevertheless, the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance decreased 49 and 52 % under that condition. The excess of N 25 mmol L–1 negatively affected the root development, but under that condition, the application of Si increased the root length, root surface, and root hood in order of 70, 40, and 77 % compared to the control treatment. Application of Si is recommended for tomato growth, especially when cultivated with high N availability. The application of silicon enhances the plant growth, root development, nutrient uptake, nitrogen assimilation, and photosynthesis of the tomato plants cultivated under rates of N. We recommend the use of Si 3 mmol L–1 and N 15 mmol L–1 for the tomato plants under the nutrient solution

scholarly journals Effects of Short-term Water Stress, Hydrophilic Polymer Amendment, and Antitranspirant on Stomatal Status, Transpiration, Water Loss, and Growth in `Better Boy' Tomato Plants

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 647f-648
Author(s):  
Sanliang Gu ◽  
Sunghee Guak ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami ◽  
Charles H. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Hydrophilic Polymer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Transpirational Water Loss

Seedling plugs of `Better Boy' tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were potted in processed fiber:perlite (60:40% by volume) media amended or nonamended with either crystalline or powdered hydrophilic polymer (2.4 kg·m–3), and treated with one of the several concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%) of antitranspirant GLK-8924, at the four true-leaf stage. Plants were either well-irrigated or subjected to short-term water stress, water withholding for 3 days, after antitranspirant GLK-8924 application. Leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, whole plant transpirational water loss, and growth were depressed by short-term water stress and antitranspirant GLK-8924. In contrast, hydrophilic polymer amendment increased plant growth, resulting in higher transpirational water loss. The depression of stomatal conductance and transpiration rate by short-term water stress was reversed completely in 2 days after rewatering while the reduction of plant growth rate diminished immediately. The effects of antitranspirant GLK-8924 were nearly proportional to its concentration and lasted 8 days on stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, 4 days on plant growth rate, and throughout the experimental period on plant height and transpirational water loss. Plant growth was reduced by antitranspirant GLK-8924 possibly by closing leaf stomata. In contrast, hydrophilic polymer amendment resulted in larger plants by factors other than influences attributed to stomatal status. Hydrophilic polymer amendment did not interact with antitranspirant GLK-8924 on all variables measured. The application of antitranspirant GLK-8924 was demonstrated to be useful for regulating plant water status, plant growth and protecting plants from short-term water stress.

scholarly journals Leaf Gas Exchange of Tomato Depends on Abscisic Acid and Jasmonic Acid in Response to Neighboring Plants under Different Soil Nitrogen Regimes

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1674
Author(s):  
Shuang Li ◽  
Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani ◽  
Zhuanyun Si ◽  
Yueping Liang ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Stomatal Limitation ◽  
The Impact

High planting density and nitrogen shortage are two important limiting factors for crop yield. Phytohormones, abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA), play important roles in plant growth. A pot experiment was conducted to reveal the role of ABA and JA in regulating leaf gas exchange and growth in response to the neighborhood of plants under different nitrogen regimes. The experiment included two factors: two planting densities per pot (a single plant or four competing plants) and two N application levels per pot (1 and 15 mmol·L−1). Compared to when a single plant was grown per pot, neighboring competition decreased stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (Tr) and net photosynthesis (Pn). Shoot ABA and JA and the shoot-to-root ratio increased in response to neighbors. Both gs and Pn were negatively related to shoot ABA and JA. In addition, N shortage stimulated the accumulation of ABA in roots, especially for competing plants, whereas root JA in competing plants did not increase in N15. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R2) of gs to ABA and gs to JA was higher in N1 than in N15. As compared to the absolute value of slope of gs to shoot ABA in N15, it increased in N1. Furthermore, the stomatal limitation and non-stomatal limitation of competing plants in N1 were much higher than in other treatments. It was concluded that the accumulations of ABA and JA in shoots play a coordinating role in regulating gs and Pn in response to neighbors; N shortage could intensify the impact of competition on limiting carbon fixation and plant growth directly.

scholarly journals Effect of Antitranspirant and Fertilization on Stomatal Conductance, Transpiration, Mineral Nutrition, and Growth in `Early Girl' Tomato Plants

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 518E-518
Author(s):  
Sanliang Gu ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami ◽  
Lailiang Cheng ◽  
Sung H. Guak ◽  
Charles C.H. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
High Fertilization

Seedling plugs of `Early Girl' tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were potted in peatmoss and perlite (60:40% by volume) medium, fertilized with 8, 16, 24, or 32 g NutriCote Total controlled-release fertilizer (type 100, 13N–5.67P–10.79K plus micronutrients) per pot (2.81 l), and treated with 0%, 2.5%, 5%, or 7.5% antitranspirant GLK-8924 solution, at the four true-leaf stage. Plants were tipped at the second inflorescence and laterals were removed upon emergence. Leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and growth were depressed by GLK-8924. In contrast, higher fertilization rate increased plant growth but leaf stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were not affected until 3 weeks after GLK-8924 treatment. With 24 g NutriCote per pot, lamina N concentration in GLK-8924 treated plants was 12.5-fold of that in untreated plants, regardless of GLK-8924 concentration. Lamina P, K, Fe, and Cu were greater while S, Ca, Mg, Mn, B, and Zn were not affected by GLK-8924. The reduced growth by GLK-8924 may be due to the reduced stomatal conductance while the increased growth by high fertilization may be due to influences on plant nutritional status.

scholarly journals Effects of Short-term Water Stress, Hydrophilic Polymer Amendment, and Antitranspirant on Stomatal Status, Transpiration, Water loss, and Growth in `Better Boy' Tomato Plants

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanliang Gu ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami ◽  
Sung H. Guak ◽  
Charles Shin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Hydrophilic Polymer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Transpirational Water Loss

Seedling plugs of `Better Boy' tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were potted in 60% processed fiber: 40% perlite (by volume) media amended or nonamended with either crystalline or powdered hydrophilic polymer (2.4 kg·m-3), and treated with one of several concentrations (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%) of antitranspirant GLK-8924, at the four true-leaf stage. Plants were either well-irrigated or subjected to short-term water stress, withholding water for 3 days, after antitranspirant GLK-8924 application. Leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, whole-plant transpirational water loss, and growth were depressed by short-term water stress and antitranspirant GLK-8924. In contrast, hydrophilic polymer amendment increased plant growth, resulting in higher transpirational water loss. The depression of stomatal conductance and transpiration rate by short-term water stress was reversed completely in 2 days after rewatering while the reduction of plant growth rate diminished immediately. The effects of antitranspirant GLK-8924 were nearly proportional to its concentration and lasted 8 days on stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, 4 days on plant growth rate, and throughout the experimental period on plant height and transpirational water loss. Plant growth was reduced by antitranspirant GLK-8924 possibly by closing leaf stomata. In contrast, hydrophilic polymer amendment resulted in larger plants by factors other than influences attributed to stomatal status. Hydrophilic polymer amendment did not interact with antitranspirant GLK-8924 on all variables measured. The application of antitranspirant GLK-8924 was demonstrated to be useful for regulating plant water status, plant growth, and protecting plants from short-term water stress.

scholarly journals Normal Cyclic Variation in CO2 Concentration in Indoor Chambers Decreases Leaf Gas Exchange and Plant Growth

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
James Bunce
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Cyclic Variation ◽  
Indoor Exposure ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Gas Exchange System ◽  
Opening And Closing

Attempts to identify crop genetic material with larger growth stimulation at projected elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations are becoming more common. The probability of reductions in photosynthesis and yield caused by short-term variation in CO2 concentration within elevated CO2 treatments in the free-air CO2 enrichment plots raises the question of whether similar effects occur in glasshouse or indoor chamber experiments. These experiments were designed to test whether even the normal, modest, cyclic variation in CO2 concentration typical of indoor exposure systems have persistent impacts on photosynthesis and growth, and to explore mechanisms underlying the responses observed. Wheat, cotton, soybeans, and rice were grown from seed in indoor chambers at a mean CO2 concentration of 560 μmol mol−1, with “triangular” cyclic variation with standard deviations of either 4.5 or 18.0 μmol mol−1 measured with 0.1 s sampling periods with an open path analyzer. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and above ground biomass at 20 to 23 days were reduced in all four species by the larger variation in CO2 concentration. Tests of rates of stomatal opening and closing with step changes in light and CO2, and tests of responses to square-wave cycling of CO2 were also conducted on individual leaves of these and three other species, using a leaf gas exchange system. Reduced stomatal conductance due to larger amplitude cycling of CO2 during growth occurred even in soybeans and rice, which had equal rates of opening and closing in response to step changes in CO2. The gas exchange results further indicated that reduced mean stomatal conductance was not the only cause of reduced photosynthesis in variable CO2 conditions.

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