The incidence of mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. abietis) on silver fir (Abies alba) in Croatia

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilena Idžojtić ◽  
Renata Pernar ◽  
Milan Glavaš ◽  
Marko Zebec ◽  
Danko Diminić
Keyword(s):  
Abies Alba ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Crown Defoliation ◽  
Stand Parameters ◽  
Crown Closure

AbstractThe research on incidence of mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. abietis) on silver fir (Abies alba) was carried out in natural fir stands in Croatia. In the area of Gorski Kotar 32.8 % of the examined dominant fir trees were infected with mistletoe. The mistletoe incidence was presented according to the damage degrees of silver fir from 0 (healthy trees) to 4 (dead trees), rated by the crown defoliation and needle discoloration. With the increase of incidence, mistletoe spreads more onto more vital, i.e. less damaged trees. In the Dinaric Alps 28.6% of the examined fir trees were infected, this percentage amounting to 27.1% for the mountainous regions between the Sava and Drava rivers.The site and stand parameters (exposure, elevation, site quality, forest community and crown closure) were analysed in order to establish whether there was a correlation between these parameters and mistletoe incidence. There was a negative correlation between the elevation and mistletoe incidence. Among the compartments with a closed stands there were considerably less compartments with higher mistletoe incidence than among compartments with a sparsely closed and understocked stands. The other analysed site and stand parameters individually had no significant influence on mistletoe incidence.The correlation of silver fir mortality in 2004 and mistletoe incidence in 2002/03 was analysed, and their strong correlation was established. Mistletoe could be considered as a bioindicator of silver fir decline, and probably a significant contributor to that decline. In the areas where mistletoe incidence is great it can be presumed that silver fir is significantly damaged.

scholarly journals Impact of population dynamics of white mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. abietis) on European silver fir (Abies alba)

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Philipp Noetzli ◽  
Beat M�ller ◽  
Thomas Niklaus Sieber
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Silver Fir

scholarly journals Interspecific Variability of Water Storage Capacity and Absorbability of Deadwood

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Anna Klamerus-Iwan ◽  
Jarosław Lasota ◽  
Ewa Błońska
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Aspen Wood ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Water Absorbability ◽  
Changes Over Time

The aim of the study was to determine the water storage capacity and absorbability of deadwood of different tree species with varying degrees of decomposition. Coniferous (Silver fir—Abies alba Mill.) and deciduous (Common hornbeam—Carpinus betulus L., Common ash—Fraxinus excelsior L., Common alder—Alnus glutinosa Gaertn., and Common aspen—Populus tremula L.) species were selected for the research. The study focuses on the wood of dead trees at an advanced stage of decomposition. Deadwood samples were collected at the Czarna Rózga Nature Reserve in central Poland. Changes over time of the water absorbability and water storage capacity of deadwood were determined under laboratory conditions. The research confirmed the significance of the wood species and the degree of wood decomposition in shaping the water storage capacity and absorbability of deadwood in forest ecosystems. Fir wood was characterized by having the highest water storage capacity and water absorbability. Among deciduous species under analysis, aspen wood was characterized by having the highest water storage capacity and absorbability. Our research has confirmed that deadwood may be a significant reservoir of water in forests.

scholarly journals Growth and health state of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the ridge area of the Jizerské hory Mts.

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 509-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Balcar ◽  
D. Kacálek
Keyword(s):  
Abies Alba ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Health State ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Ridge Area

The silver fir was planted under mountain conditions in order to reveal its response to the addition of finely ground rocks (limestone and amphibolite) mixed with soil into the planting holes. The results document that the increments of the plantations fertilised with amphibolite were higher by 25% on average than those of the control plantations while the increments of the plantations treated with dolomitic limestone were lower by 13%. Generally, as concerns both the plantations with the application of ground rocks and the control ones, the development of the fir plantations in 1994–2007 is considered successful. As the damage by climatic stresses has gradually diminished, the number of dead trees has been decreasing and the height increments have been increasing in the last years, therefore a positive development is to be expected also in future.

scholarly journals Silver Fir Defoliation Likelihood Is Related to Negative Growth Trends and High Warming Sensitivity at Their Southernmost Distribution Limit

ISRN Forestry ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Linares ◽  
J. Julio Camarero
Keyword(s):  
Abies Alba ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Vegetation Shifts ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Crown Defoliation ◽  
Visual Assessments

Changes in radial growth have been used to estimate tree decline probability since they may indicate tree responses to long- and short-term stressors. We used visual assessments of crown defoliation, an indicator of decline, and retrospective tree-ring analyses to determine whether climate-growth sensitivity and tree growth rates may be used as predictors of tree die-off probability in Abies alba (silver fir) at the Spanish Pyrenees. We used climatic data to calculate standardized temperature and precipitation data and drought indexes. Basal area increment was measured for declining (defoliation > 50%) and nondeclining (defoliation < 50%) silver firs in stands with contrasting defoliation. Logistic regressions were applied to predict tree die-off. Since the early 1980s, a synchronised reduction in basal area increment was observed in declining trees. The basal area increment trend correctly classified 64% of declining trees and 94% of nondeclining trees. The growth sensitivity to water deficit, temperature, and a drought index also significantly predicted silver fir decline, but providing underestimated predictions. Our findings underscore the idea that long-term climatic warming seems to be a major driver of growth decline in silver fir. Ongoing growth reduction and enhanced mortality may promote vegetation shifts in declining Pyrenean A. alba forests.

scholarly journals Impact of White Mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. abietis) Infection on Needles and Crown Morphology of Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina O. BARBU
Keyword(s):  
Abies Alba ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Crown Morphology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Needle Loss

White mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. abietis (Wiesb.) Abromeit), (Santalales, Viscaceae) is a hemiparasite species and, in Romania, occurs only on silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). The species affects silver fir stands located mainly at lower elevations on the Eastern border of the silver fir natural distribution area. Along with drought and pollution, white mistletoe infection plays an important role in silver fir decline. The present study tried to quantify the mistletoe impact on crown degradation of silver fir trees, by measuring several parameters such as needle length and needle loss. The data were collected from a pure silver fir stand where more than 70% of trees were affected by mistletoe. The results indicate that both mistletoe infection and branch position into the crown influence the needles length. The reduction in needle length was more evident in the upper and middle part of the crown and smaller in the lower part of the crown, as well as in the “compensation crown” (formed by epicormic branches). The difference between needle lengths increases with the infection degree. In moderately and heavily infected trees, needles are falling in high proportion compared with low infected trees, demonstrating that mistletoe is producing crown degradation significantly reducing the photosynthetic tissue.

Site conditions and definition of compositional proportion modify mixture effects in Picea abies – Abies alba stands

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1281-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus O. Huber ◽  
Hubert Sterba ◽  
Luzi Bernhard
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Mixture Effects ◽  
Definition Of

For most forest types in the European Alps, little is known about mixture effects on stand productivity. The comparability of studies on mixture effects often suffers from the open methodological question of whether the results depend on the definition of compositional proportion. In this study, data from the Swiss National Forest Inventory were used to investigate how the growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) is modified by the admixture of the other species and if the mixture effect depends on site, climate, age, or stand density. Stocking proportion (proportion by area) as well as the proportion of relative density index, stem number, basal area, stem volume, and aboveground biomass were used to define compositional proportion, and the results were compared. At low-quality sites, Norway spruce grew faster in basal area as its relative share of composition increased, but this pattern diminished as the site quality increased. At cooler sites, silver fir grew faster as its share of composition decreased, but the pattern reversed at warmer sites. Overyielding was predicted only for 16% of the 679 sites used for this study. Beneficial effects of species mixture were overestimated when species-specific stocking potentials were not considered in the definition of compositional proportion.

scholarly journals Relationship and genetic diversity of mistletoe (Viscum album L.) subspecies

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Mejnartowicz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
The Other ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Systematic Nomenclature

With the help of 21 putative isoenzyme loci, the genetic diversity and variations of <em>Viscum album</em> ssp. <em>album</em> L. from 42 species, subspecies, varieties and hybrids of broadleaf trees, <em>Viscum album</em> ssp. <em>austriacum</em> (Wiesb.) Vollmann, from 4 populations of Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em> L.) and <em>Viscum album</em> ssp. <em>abietis</em> (Wiesb.) Abromeit, from 8 populations of European silver fir (<em>Abies alba</em> Mill.) were analyzed. On the dendrogram, the three investigated subspecies form three clusters, each clearly separated from the other, so we suggest a revision of the systematic nomenclature proposed to take into consideration a return to an earlier system of dividing the European mistletoe into three species: <em>Viscum album</em> L., <em>Viscum abietis</em> Beck, and <em>Viscum laxum</em> Boiss. et Reut. From among the 21 tested loci only one locus, SOD-A, was monomorphic. The average number of actual alleles (Na) and effective alleles (Ne) was 2.23 and 1.61 respectively. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) varied from 0.199 in <em>V. album</em> ssp. <em>abietis</em> to 0.345 in the <em>V.a.</em> ssp. <em>album</em> populations. Average FST = 0.277 indicates that about 28% of genetic differentiation is due to an interpopulation diversity of <em>Viscum album</em> populations. There is a small gene flux between <em>Viscum album</em> populations with only one immigrant successfully entering a population per two generations (Nm = 0,653).

scholarly journals Classification of Tree Species as Well as Standing Dead Trees Using Triple Wavelength ALS in a Temperate Forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 2614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Amiri ◽  
Peter Krzystek ◽  
Marco Heurich ◽  
Andrew Skidmore
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Feature Selection Method ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Standing Dead Trees ◽  
532 Nm

Knowledge about forest structures, particularly of deadwood, is fundamental for understanding, protecting, and conserving forest biodiversity. While individual tree-based approaches using single wavelength airborne laserscanning (ALS) can successfully distinguish broadleaf and coniferous trees, they still perform multiple tree species classifications with limited accuracy. Moreover, the mapping of standing dead trees is becoming increasingly important for damage calculation after pest infestation or biodiversity assessment. Recent advances in sensor technology have led to the development of new ALS systems that provide up to three different wavelengths. In this study, we present a novel method which classifies three tree species (Norway spruce, European beech, Silver fir), and dead spruce trees with crowns using full waveform ALS data acquired from three different sensors (wavelengths 532 nm, 1064 nm, 1550 nm). The ALS data were acquired in the Bavarian Forest National Park (Germany) under leaf-on conditions with a maximum point density of 200 points/m 2 . To avoid overfitting of the classifier and to find the most prominent features, we embed a forward feature selection method. We tested our classification procedure using 20 sample plots with 586 measured reference trees. Using single wavelength datasets, the highest accuracy achieved was 74% (wavelength = 1064 nm), followed by 69% (wavelength = 1550 nm) and 65% (wavelength = 532 nm). An improvement of 8–17% over single wavelength datasets was achieved when the multi wavelength data were used. Overall, the contribution of the waveform-based features to the classification accuracy was higher than that of the geometric features by approximately 10%. Our results show that the features derived from a multi wavelength ALS point cloud significantly improve the detailed mapping of tree species and standing dead trees.

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