UV-B radiation and selenium affected energy availability in green alga Zygnema

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateja Germ ◽  
Ivan Kreft ◽  
Alenka Gaberščik

AbstractGreen alga Zygnema was exposed to three concentrations of selenium and two levels of UV-B radiation. The combined effects of both treatments on energy availability; photochemical quantum yield and respiratory potential were studied. Our findings show that traces of selenium enhance metabolic process connected with photochemical quantum yield and mitochondrial respiration. Surprisingly, selenium does not diminish the effects of UV-B radiation; on the contrary, the combined action of UV-B radiation and traces of selenium leads to pronounced negative effects on photochemical quantum yield and the respiratory potential. Selenium is involved in the activation of energy resources in green alga Zygnema. The importance of selenium for activity of the mitochondria is possibly an evolutionary recollection from an endosymbiotic bacterium.

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etty Murwaningsari ◽  
Sidharta Utama ◽  
Hilda Rossieta

This study aimed to understand (1) the association between the use of discretionary accruals and financial derivatives, taking into consideration the implementation of revised PSAK 55 (1999), which was adopted from SFAS 133; (2) the combined effects of derivatives and discretionary accruals on the value relevance of earnings and equity. The analysis used panel data regressions and the Wald test over the period from 2001-2008. The results showed a positive or complementary association between derivatives and discretionary accruals. The positive association implied that managers tended to intensify the use of discretionary accruals to offset a higher use of derivatives. Price and return models demonstrated negative significant effects of derivatives on the value relevance of earnings. The return model showed negative significant effects of discretionary accruals on the value relevance of earnings but negative effects on the value relevance of equity with the price model.


The Auk ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart A Nolet ◽  
Kees H T Schreven ◽  
Michiel P Boom ◽  
Thomas K Lameris

Abstract Breeding output of geese, measured as the proportion of juveniles in autumn or winter flocks, is lower in years with a late onset of spring in some species, but higher in at least one other species. Here we argue that this is because the timing of spring affects different stages of the reproductive cycle differently in different species. Because the effects on 2 different stages are opposite, the combined effects can result in either a positive or a negative overall effect. These stages are the pre-laying, laying, and nesting phase on the one hand; and the hatchling, fledgling, and juvenile phase on the other hand. The first phase is predominantly positively affected by an early snowmelt, with higher breeding propensity, clutch size, and nest success. The second phase in contrast is negatively affected by early snowmelt because of a mismatch with a nutrient food peak, leading to slow gosling growth and reduced survival. We argue that recognition of this chain of events is crucial when one wants to predict goose productivity and eventually goose population dynamics. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the negative effects of a mismatch might become increasingly important.


2019 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 02052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Krasnov ◽  
Sergey Sergeev ◽  
Elizaveta Zotova ◽  
Nadezhda Grashchenko

The paper presents the results of the developed algorithms aimed at optimizing management decision-making by the administration of megalopolises. A mathematical model is obtained within the concept of digital economy. The regulatory action of dispositive decisions is aimed at business entities whose activities are externalized while consuming energy resources. Since any resources are used unevenly throughout the year, the authors apply the methods of the theory of optimal decisions. The criterion is the functional reflection of the balance between the maximum profit, the comfort of living conditions, and the environmental conditions. The results obtained make it possible to take administrative decisions in an optimal way, which reduces the negative effects of externalities and results in the most efficient use of energy resources.


MRS Bulletin ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Arunachalam ◽  
E.L. Fleischer

AbstractAvailability of affordable energy has enabled spectacular growth of industrialization and human development in all parts of the world. With growth now accelerating in developing countries, demands on energy sources and infrastructure are being stretched to new limits. Additional energy issues include the push for renewable resources with reduced greenhouse gas emissions and energy security affected by the uneven distribution of energy resources around the globe. Together, these issues present a field of opportunity for innovations to address energy challenges throughout the world and all along the energy flow. These energy challenges form the backdrop for this special expanded issue of MRS Bulletin on Harnessing Materials for Energy. This article introduces the global landscape of materials issues associated with energy. It examines the complex web of energy availability, production, storage, transmission, distribution, use, and efficiency. It focuses on the materials challenges that lie at the core of these areas and discusses how revolutionary concepts can address them. Cross-cutting topics are introduced and interrelationships between topics explored. Article topics are set in the context of the grand energy challenges that face the world into the middle of this century.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E Kumler

Allelopathic macroalgae have been shown to have significant negative effects on corals via the transfer of toxic compounds. The interaction that takes place between allelopathic macroalgae and other algae, however, has not been studied in detail. Here, the effects of the allelopathic Chlorodesmis fastigiata on other macroalgae were analyzed. These effects were first tested on complete coral and macroalgal individuals over several days, then on small samples of the macroalgal species when exposed to isolated toxins. However, neither experiment found significant negative effects on either Sargassum mangarevense or Boodlea kaeneana due to the interaction between these algae and the toxin produced by C. fastigiata. Distribution and abundance of C. fastigiata was also assessed around the island of Moorea in French Polynesia.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingchun Li ◽  
Huaying Yang ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Qing Dong ◽  
Guihu Liu ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Chlorophylls, green pigments in chloroplasts, are essential for photosynthesis. Reduction in chlorophyll contents may result in retarded growth, dwarfism, and sterility. In this study, a yellow-green leaf mutant of maize, indicative of abnormity in chlorophyll contents, was identified. The physiological parameters of this mutant were measured. Next, global gene expression of this mutant was determined using transcriptome analysis and compared to that of wild-type maize plants. Results The yellow-green leaf mutant of maize was found to contain lower contents of chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b and carotenoid compounds. It contained fewer active PSII centers and displayed lower values of original chlorophyll fluorescence parameters than the wild-type plants. The real-time fluorescence yield, the electron transport rate, and the net photosynthetic rate of the mutant plants showed reduction as well. In contrast, the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII of the mutant plants was similar to that of the wild-type plants. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the mutant plants and wild-type plants led to the identification of differentially expressed1122 genes, of which 536 genes were up-regulated and 586 genes down-regulated in the mutant. Five genes in chlorophyll metabolism pathway, nine genes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and seven genes related to the conversion of sucrose to starch displayed down-regulated expression. In contrast, genes encoding a photosystem II reaction center PsbP family protein and the PGR5-like protein 1A (PGRL1A) exhibited increased transcript abundance. Conclusions The yellow-green leaf mutant of maize contained fewer active PSII centers with lowered net photosynthesis rate, but have the similar value of the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII with that of the wild-type plants. Analysis of differentially expressed genes through transcriptome analysis revealed the down-regulated genes which may be responsible for chlorophyll deduction and changes of photosynthetic characteristics. The up-regulated genes would be helpful to maintain the active PSII centers of the yellow-green leaf mutant.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Thi My Chi Vo ◽  
Minh Phap Dao ◽  
Thanh Son Dao

The trace metals and pesticides are commonly found in surface water receiving industrial and agricultural effluents. However, the potential negative effects of these compounds on aquatic ecosystems have not been deeply studied. Hence, the aim of this study is to assess the single and combined effects of aluminum (Al) and atrazine on the development and growth rate of duckweed, Lemna minor L. The single exposures were implemented with either Al or atrazine at the concentration of 5, 50 and 500 µg L-1 and a binary exposure was conducted with 50 µg L-1 of Al and 5 µg L-1 of atrazine for two weeks. The results revealed that both Al and atrazine at the concentration of 500 µg L-1 strongly inhibited the development and growth rate of the duckweed. On the contrary, the mixture of Al and atrazine showed antagonistic effects on the plant. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the combined effects of these two contaminants on the duckweed. Therefore, our results could be useful for environmental managers in setting up and adjusting the safe guideline values in Vietnam for Al and atrazine in natural waters in term of ecological health protection. Kim loại nặng và thuốc trừ sâu thường được tìm thấy trong các nguồn nước mặt, nơi tiếp nhận nước thải công nghiệp và nông nghiệp. Tuy nhiên, những ảnh hưởng tiềm tàng mang tính tiêu cực của những hợp chất này đối với hệ sinh thái thủy vực chưa được nghiên cứu đầy đủ. Do đó, mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá những ảnh hưởng riêng lẻ và kết hợp của nhôm (Al) và atrazine lên sự phát triển và tốc độ sinh trưởng của bèo tấm, Lemma minor L. Sự phơi nhiễm riêng lẻ với Al hoặc atrazine được thực hiện ở các nồng độ 5, 50 và 500 µg L-1, trong khi đó, quá trình phơi nhiễm kết hợp được tiến hành với Al tại nồng độ 50 µg L-1 và atrazine tại nồng độ 5 µg L-1 trong hai tuần. Kết quả cho thấy cả Al và atrazine ở nồng độ phơi nhiễm 500 µg L-1 kìm hãm mạnh mẽ sự phát triển và tốc độ sinh trưởng của bèo tấm. Ngược lại, sự kết hợp Al và atrazine dẫn kết tác động triệt tiêu trên bèo tấm. Theo sự hiểu biết của chúng tôi, đây là ghi nhận đầu tiên về những ảnh hưởng kết hợp của hai chất gây ô nhiễm này lên bèo tấm. Vì vậy, những kết quả này có thể hữu ích cho các nhà quản lý môi trường tại Việt Nam trong việc thiết lập và điều chỉnh các giá trị an toàn đối với Al và Atrazie trong môi trường nước tự nhiên về khía cạnh bảo vệ sức khỏe sinh thái.  


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