scholarly journals Influencing Geometrical Parameters of Tools in Friction Stirring Technology: A Short Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-290
Author(s):  
Sanjay Sharma ◽  
Amit Handa ◽  
Sahib Sartaj Singh
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Time Profiles

Abstract Friction stirring based “Green” processes are ruled by geometrical and process aspects of the tools used for generating desired properties in the processed materials. Considering only geometrical aspects, the developments in tool geometry, its modifications with the time, profiles and their corresponding impacts on the property generation are addressed in the present work. It is a censorious and judicious review which consolidates the relevant information apropos of all geometrical aspects of tools and their roles in property generation.

Modeling Environment of Friction Stir Joining for AA2017T351 Plates in Butt Joint

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 1494-1499
Author(s):  
Serge Tcherniaeff ◽  
Franck Girot ◽  
Ivan Iordanoff
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Weld Interface ◽  
Butt Joint ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Flat Plates ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Tool Positioning ◽  
Tool Axis ◽  
Mechanical Behaviours

The understanding of the weld formation process in FSW is difficult due to: (1) the complexities resulting from coupled physical phenomenon’s (thermo mechanical and metallic process); (2) the difficulties characterizing exactly the interactions between the tool and the materials (friction, 3D material flow, …); (3) the collecting of complete and relevant information during the generation of the weld. Technological studies prove that FSW process is easy to realise. In addition to that, the welds may have good mechanical behaviours, in comparison with those resulting from traditional fusion welding as GMAW. The challenge is to relate the main and relevant parameters of the process (geometry of the tool, topologies of the assembly, others parameters such as axial force, torque, tool positioning, the nature of materials to be assembled,..) to the mechanical properties expected for that weld The study proposes an analogical simulation in a modeling clay (plasticine) workpieces environment. The goal is to obtain a better understanding of the joining creation in the case of butt join of homogeneous assembly of two flat plates made of aluminium alloy AA2017T351. By varying different parameters such as geometrical conditions of assembly, geometry of the tool, other kinematics parameters, we can measure the consequences on the dimensional morphology of the weld. The latter is then characterized by geometrical parameters such as penetration, area of the join, geometrical offset between tool axis and weld interface, and chromatic parameters… . A comparison between the assembly of two aluminium alloys sheets and the equivalent in plasticine workpieces will be discussed, so as to outline differences and analogies between them.

scholarly journals The Master Space of Supersymmetric Gauge Theories

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amihay Hanany ◽  
Alberto Zaffaroni
Keyword(s):  
Moduli Space ◽  
Generating Functions ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Gauge Theories ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Supersymmetric Gauge Theories ◽  
Supersymmetric Gauge ◽  
M Theory

We give a short review on the study of the moduli space and the spectrum of chiral operators for gauge theories living on branes at singularities. We focus on theories with four real supercharges in 3+1 and 2+1 dimensions. The theories are holographically dual toAdS5×H5orAdS4×H7backgrounds, in Type-IIB or -M theory, respectively. We demonstrate that most of the information on the moduli space and spectrum of the quiver gauge theories is encoded in the concept of the “Master Space”, which is roughly the full moduli space for one brane, consisting of mesonic and baryonic degrees of freedom. We summarize the relevant information in generating functions for chiral operators, which can be computed using plethystics techniques and the language of complex geometry.

scholarly journals Development of a Tool Design Method in Cross Wedge Rolling: Description and Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 611-612 ◽  
pp. 1694-1701
Author(s):  
Catalina Gutierrez ◽  
Philippe Mangin ◽  
Laurent Langlois ◽  
Régis Bigot
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Cross Wedge Rolling ◽  
Know How ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cam Software

Till now, the definition of cross wedge rolling dies requires know-how and important expertise from the designers. A decision-making methodology is being developed to provide sequential and logical steps to draw easier and faster the tool geometry. This methodology is based on designing rules found in literature that link the geometrical parameters of the desired rolled part and the geometrical parameters of the tool. Nevertheless, in the literature, the rules are not always consistent because the admissible domain for a parameter can differ from one author to another. In order to take into account this variability, a stability index is associated to each rule and to the designed tool. The methodology allows updating of the existing rules and the implementation of new rules. The set of parameters defining the geometry of the tool can be exported in the CAD/CAM software and FEM software. A case-study is presented to illustrate and validate the methodology.

Recent Developments of Nanomaterial Doped Paints for the Minimization of Biofouling in Submerged Structures

2010 ◽  
Vol 657 ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Rawat ◽  
Saptarshi Ray ◽  
P.V.C. Rao ◽  
Nettem V. Choudary
Keyword(s):  
Film Formation ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Antifouling Paints ◽  
Metallic Structures ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Effective Choice

Biofouling prevention remains a major challenge to the chemists, and researchers around the world who are engaged in the development of antifouling paints that can prevent growth of organisms like barnacles, algae and tubeworms on the submerged structures. Growth of organisms on the surfaces exposed to marine and freshwater environment not only reduces the efficiency of such structures, e.g. reduction of heat transfer etc, but also causes structural damages. In order to prevent the growth of organisms on surfaces of the marine and freshwater environments, coatings containing biocides are generally used. However, use of biocides not only leads to the corrosion of the metallic structures in some cases, but it also inflicts severe damage to the aquatic ecosystem. It is thus necessary to develop anti-biofouling paints that are innocuous to both the environment and the structures. One alternative approach may be incorporation of nanoparticles, and preventing bacterial bio-film formation as well as the attachment of larger organisms. Various nanoparticles of metal and their oxides have been recognized to possess antibacterial properties. The development of such materials is a challenge to both the chemist and the biologist, where effective choice of methods that provide relevant information regarding application of the metal nanoparticles in anti-fouling materials, becomes the central objective. The present article is a short review in the area of nanoparticle doped antifouling paints. In addition, some aspects covering our experimental results on the selected bio-fouling paints with dispersed nanoparticles of ZnO, CuO, Al2O3, MgO, TiO2 and Co3O4. It also discusses the techniques used for the characterization of the nanoparticle-doped materials and methods for the determination of their efficacy against bio-film formation.

Study of Manufacturing Defects and Tool Geometry Optimisation for Multi-Material Stack Drilling

2011 ◽  
Vol 423 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Benezech ◽  
Yann Landon ◽  
Walter Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Rake Angle ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
First Results

In the aeronautic industries, composite materials are increasingly being used for structural parts. Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) are often used in combination with metallic materials, mostly aluminium alloys. This raises new problems in aircraft assembly when it comes to machining the holes for thousands of fasteners. The preferred method for this is a one-shot drilling-reaming-countersinking operation usually using a power tool and with the need to respect tight dimensional and geometric specifications. The solutions proposed so far with existing cutting tools, involving reduced feed rate, are unsatisfactory from an economic point of view. This study first focuses on identifying machining defects and difficulties encountered during drilling of aluminium/CFRP stacks. Then, based on the results of different works on drilling [1,3], an experimental study is proposed to define the critical macro-and micro-geometric parameters of a carbide drill. The criteria relate to the fragmentation of the metallic chips, burr avoidance and zero damage to the CFRP. The first results obtained with the new generation cutters developed show the importance of a constant axial rake angle and of the tool point angle in the chip fragmentation phenomenon but also in preserving the health of the CFRP material. The influence of the constant rake angle on the axial forces generated is also shown. Finally, an optimal combination of the tool geometrical parameters is achieved in order to obtain the expected results.

What sentimentalists should say about emotion

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Kurth
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Moral Cognition ◽  
Multilevel Structure

Abstract Recent work by emotion researchers indicates that emotions have a multilevel structure. Sophisticated sentimentalists should take note of this work – for it better enables them to defend a substantive role for emotion in moral cognition. Contra May's rationalist criticisms, emotions are not only able to carry morally relevant information, but can also substantially influence moral judgment and reasoning.

Pollutant Identification by Selected Area Electron Diffraction

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 532-533
Author(s):  
R. E. Ferrell ◽  
G. G. Paulson ◽  
C. W. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Multiple Component

Selected area electron diffraction (SAD) has been used successfully to determine crystal structures, identify traces of minerals in rocks, and characterize the phases formed during thermal treatment of micron-sized particles. There is an increased interest in the method because it has the potential capability of identifying micron-sized pollutants in air and water samples. This paper is a short review of the theory behind SAD and a discussion of the sample preparation employed for the analysis of multiple component environmental samples.

Automatic analysis of Kikuchi diffraction patterns

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 900-901
Author(s):  
H. Weiland ◽  
D. P. Field
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
New Type ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Orientation Determination

Recent advances in the automatic indexing of backscatter Kikuchi diffraction patterns on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has resulted in the development of a new type of microscopy. The ability to obtain statistically relevant information on the spatial distribution of crystallite orientations is giving rise to new insight into polycrystalline microstructures and their relation to materials properties. A limitation of the technique in the SEM is that the spatial resolution of the measurement is restricted by the relatively large size of the electron beam in relation to various microstructural features. Typically the spatial resolution in the SEM is limited to about half a micron or greater. Heavily worked structures exhibit microstructural features much finer than this and require resolution on the order of nanometers for accurate characterization. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques offer sufficient resolution to investigate heavily worked crystalline materials.Crystal lattice orientation determination from Kikuchi diffraction patterns in the TEM (Figure 1) requires knowledge of the relative positions of at least three non-parallel Kikuchi line pairs in relation to the crystallite and the electron beam.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

Slow Wave Activity Related to Working Memory Maintenance in the N-Back Task

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira Bailey ◽  
Gregory Mlynarczyk ◽  
Robert West
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Response Accuracy ◽  
Functional Neuroanatomy ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Back Task

Abstract. Working memory supports our ability to maintain goal-relevant information that guides cognition in the face of distraction or competing tasks. The N-back task has been widely used in cognitive neuroscience to examine the functional neuroanatomy of working memory. Fewer studies have capitalized on the temporal resolution of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to examine the time course of neural activity in the N-back task. The primary goal of the current study was to characterize slow wave activity observed in the response-to-stimulus interval in the N-back task that may be related to maintenance of information between trials in the task. In three experiments, we examined the effects of N-back load, interference, and response accuracy on the amplitude of the P3b following stimulus onset and slow wave activity elicited in the response-to-stimulus interval. Consistent with previous research, the amplitude of the P3b decreased as N-back load increased. Slow wave activity over the frontal and posterior regions of the scalp was sensitive to N-back load and was insensitive to interference or response accuracy. Together these findings lead to the suggestion that slow wave activity observed in the response-to-stimulus interval is related to the maintenance of information between trials in the 1-back task.

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