Environmental influence on maturation and dominance relationships in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.): temperature competes with photoperiod for primacy

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Sokołowska ◽  
Ewa Kulczykowska
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Final Maturation ◽  
Maturation Rate ◽  
Spawning Periods

Environmental influence on maturation and dominance relationships in the three-spined stickleback (In this study, the influence of a combination of different photoperiods and temperatures on the final maturation and social interactions in three-spined sticklebacks was investigated. Water temperature appears to be the principal signal affecting gonadal development and breeding activity of sticklebacks in pre-spawning and spawning periods. Males can mature independently of photoperiod and a stimulatory effect of high temperature is not diminished by light deprivation. On the other hand, low temperature can inhibit the development of secondary sexual characters in males exposed to long day or constant light. In females, lighting seems to be more decisive for complete maturation and the lack of light delays the maturation rate, even in high temperature. While kept under the same conditions, males mature quicker than females. The presence of light and visual information are crucial to establish the social position of individuals in the group. In light, a rigid social hierarchy with one dominant, sexually active male is observed. In constant darkness, however, several males in the group demonstrate every sign of sexual activity.

Environmental Influence on the Tolerance of Corn to Atrazine

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lafayette Thompson ◽  
F. W. Slife ◽  
H. S. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Peptide Conjugates ◽  
Before And After

Corn(Zea maysL.) in the two to three-leaf stage grown 18 to 21 days in a growth chamber under cold, wet conditions was injured by postemergence application of 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) plus emulsifiable phytobland oil. Injury was most severe when these plants were kept under cold, wet conditions for 48 hr after the herbicidal spray was applied, followed by exposure to high light intensity and high temperature. Under these growth chamber conditions, approximately 50% of the atrazine-treated plants died. Since wet foliage before and after application increased foliar penetration and low temperature decreased the rate of detoxication to peptide conjugates, atrazine accumulated under cold, wet conditions. This accumulation of foliarly-absorbed atrazine and the “weakened” conditions of the plants grown under the stress conditions is believed to be responsible for the injury to corn. Hydroxylation and the dihydroxybenzoxazin-3-one content in the roots were reduced at low temperature, but it is unlikely that this contributed to the death of the corn.

OBSERVATIONS ON MERISTIC VARIATION IN NINESPINE STICKLEBACKS, PUNGITIUS PUNGITIUS, REARED AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1237-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Pungitius Pungitius ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Vertebral Count ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Meristic Variation ◽  
Pectoral Fin Rays

Eggs of 10 pairs of wild ninespine sticklebacks from Hobson's Brook near Cambridge, England, were reared under various controlled temperatures. Temperature for optimum survival to hatching differed between genotypes. Ninety young were examined for counts of vertebrae, spines, and dorsal, anal, and pectoral fin rays. Survivors at high temperature had markedly more vertebrae than survivors at low. Curves of temperature against vertebral count may be V-shaped for each genotype, and optimum survival temperature may produce lowest vertebral count. More basal supports to the dorsal and anal fins and spines were produced at high temperature. Disruptions in one-to-one serial conformity between ray or spine, basal, and vertebral series became progressively commoner at higher rearing temperatures. Parents showed positive correlation between dorsal and anal fin ray counts and number of caudal scutes. Comparisons are made with Gasterosteus aculeatus.

scholarly journals Development of oocytes in a post-spawning Japanese eel Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel in captivity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Tanaka ◽  
Akihiro Okamura ◽  
Naomi Mikawa ◽  
Yoshiaki Yamada ◽  
Noriyuki Horie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Anguilla Japonica ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Multiple Spawning ◽  
Gonadal Histology ◽  
Final Maturation ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Post Spawning ◽  
First Time

It is generally believed that parent freshwater eels (Anguilla sp.) die soon after spawning on the assumption that eels are a semelparous (or monocyclic) fish (spawn once at the last stage of life) like Pacific salmonids. However, we observed for the first time a post-spawning female Anguilla japonica again possessed developing oocytes reaching the final maturation stage in captivity five months after the last spawning even without hormonal treatment. Here we describe information on this female about its biological characteristics including gonadal histology and endocrine profiles. The data suggest that lowering water temperature for a period of time is one of the important factors influencing spontaneous gonadal development in this specimen. We also discuss the possibility of induced multiple spawning of this species in captivity.

scholarly journals INDUCCIÓN DE LA MADUREZ GONADAL DEL PARGO PALMERO LUTJANUS ANALIS (PISCES: LUTJANIDAE) MEDIANTE LA APLICACIÓN DE UN FOTOTERMOPERIODO ARTIFICIAL DE ACONDICIONAMIENTO

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Botero Arango ◽  
Fabio Castaño Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Artificial Reproduction ◽  
Gastrula Stage ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Final Maturation ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Early Gastrula

An experimental group (N=7) of three females and four males of mutton snapper Lutjanus analis captured in the wild, whose gonadal development entered in a state of latency because of its confinement in the lab, was maintained under an artificial photothermal cycle of 10 months between October 2001 and July 2002 in order to unblock and estimulate again their sexual maturation. Another group of equal number of fish was used as a control, being maintained during the same time without manipulation of temperature and photoperiod parameters. After eight months the three females of the experimental group showed positive gonadal development signs, their oocyte mean diameters (Ø) reaching 122 ± 76; 86 ± 40; and 122 ± 87 μm respectively. During the tenth month one female reached the state III of gonadal development (Ø = 327 ± 67 μm) and was induced to final maturation and spawning by a single injection of 1,000 IU/kg of HCG. The spawning occurred 64 h after the injection with approximately 25,000 eggs (Ø = 713 ± 56 μm) which reached the early gastrula stage 4:35 h after fertilization. The artificial photothermal cycle applied showed to be effective to unblock and stimulate gonadal development of the captive fish, preliminary result that must be confirmed by further research and which could constitute an important step in the development of a technology for the artificial reproduction of the mutton snapper.

scholarly journals Environmental influence on the egg size of pullets in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
A. González Chapel ◽  
M. Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Depressive Effect ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Summer Temperatures

The curve of the egg size (in ounces per dozen eggs) for the first laying year was studied in a group of 206 pullets of different breeds and crossbreds. Regression studies were made of the average monthly egg size. The early-maturing pullets started by laying smaller eggs than the late-maturing pullets. The observations made on the curves of the egg size seems to agree with the findings of Warren et al (9) in respect to the depressive effect of high temperature on egg weight. Egg size increased progressively during the first months of laying, reaching a maximum from May to June. The high summer temperatures caused it to decrease rapidly toward the end of the laying year.

TEMPERATURE-CONTROLLED MERISTIC VARIATION IN THE PARADISE FISH MACROPODUS OPERCULARS (L.)

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Final Count ◽  
Meristic Variation ◽  
Temperature Controlled ◽  
Paradise Fish

Eggs from one pair of paradise fish Macropodus opercularis (L.) were reared at different constant temperatures, and the effects were noted on dorsal and anal fin ray, spine and basal counts, caudal and pectoral ray counts, and vertebral counts. Some young were transferred from low to high temperatures after varying periods to determine the duration of sensitivity of meristic series to environmental influence. Intermediate sustained temperature produced significantly fewer vertebrae than either low or high temperature. Different rearing temperatures produced different ray, spine, and basal counts; variation in each of these series was largely independent of vertebral variation and of variation in the other series. Eggs hatched less than two days after fertilization, but some meristic series were still subject to environmental influence 20 days later. The order of fixation of the final count in different series roughly followed the order of their ontogenetic appearance. While "shock effect" was apparent in some changes produced by temperature transfers, there was a general tendency for counts of certain lots of fish transferred from low to high temperature to approximate counts of fish reared at sustained intermediate temperatures.

Seasonal effects of photoperiod and temperature on spermatogenesis and male secondary sexual characters in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L.

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3377-3386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertil Borg
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Secondary Sexual Characters ◽  
Kidney Hypertrophy ◽  
Summer Decline ◽  
Secondary Sexual

Effects of photoperiod (16 h light (L): 8 h dark (D) and 8 h L: 16 h D) and temperature (18 and 8 °C) on spermatogenesis and androgen-dependent kidney hypertrophy in the three-spined stickleback were studied in alternate months of the year. In winter 16 h L: 8 h D in combination with 18 °C stimulated secondary sexual characters, whereas in spring other regimes were also stimulatory. Spermatogenesis was more active and the kidney more suppressed in 8 h L: 16 h D at 18 °C than in other groups in winter. In the natural annual cycle spermatogenesis is quiescent from the beginning of winter until the end of the breeding season in summer. Decline of secondary sexual characters in July is accelerated by high temperature. High kidney epithelium is never found together with vigorous spermatogenesis, indicating androgen-inhibition as a major factor in the control of spermatogenetic activity.

scholarly journals Shedding Light on the Circadian Clock of the Threespine Stickleback

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pier Brochu ◽  
Nadia Aubin-Horth
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Internal Clock ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Threespine Sticklebacks

The circadian clock is an internal timekeeping system shared by most organisms, and knowledge about its functional importance and evolution in natural environments is still needed. Here, we investigated the circadian clock of wild-caught threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) at the behavioural and molecular levels. While their behaviour, ecology, and evolution are well studied, information on their circadian rhythms are scarce. We quantified the daily locomotor activity rhythm under a light-dark cycle (LD) and under constant darkness (DD). Under LD, all fish exhibited significant daily rhythmicity, while under DD, only 18% of individuals remained rhythmic. This interindividual variation suggests that the circadian clock controls activity only in certain individuals. Moreover, under LD, some fish were almost exclusively nocturnal, while others were active around the clock. Furthermore, the most nocturnal fish were also the least active. These results suggest that light masks activity (i.e. suppresses activity without entraining the internal clock) more strongly in some individuals than others. Finally, we quantified the expression of five clock genes in the brain of sticklebacks under DD using qPCR. We did not detect circadian rhythmicity, which could either indicate that the clock molecular oscillator is highly light-dependent, or that there was an oscillation but that we were unable to detect it. Overall, our study suggests that a strong circadian control on behavioural rhythms may not necessarily be advantageous in a natural population of sticklebacks and that the daily phase of activity varies greatly between individuals because of a differential masking effect of light.

scholarly journals Shedding Light on the Threespine Stickleback Circadian Clock

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pier Brochu ◽  
Nadia Aubin-Horth
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Threespine Sticklebacks ◽  
Nocturnal Fish

The circadian clock is an internal timekeeping system shared by most organisms, and knowledge about its functional importance and evolution in natural environments is still needed. Here, we investigated the circadian clock of wild-caught threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) at the behavioural and molecular levels. While their behaviour, ecology, and evolution are well studied, information on their circadian rhythms are scarce. We quantified the daily locomotor activity rhythm under a light-dark cycle (LD) and under constant darkness (DD). Under LD, all fish exhibited significant daily rhythmicity, while under DD, only 18% of individuals remained rhythmic. This interindividual variation suggests that the circadian clock controls activity only in certain individuals. Moreover, under LD, some fish were almost exclusively nocturnal, while others were active around the clock. Furthermore, the most nocturnal fish were also the least active. These results suggest that light masks activity more strongly in some individuals than others. Finally, we quantified the expression of five clock genes in the brain of sticklebacks under DD using qPCR. We did not detect circadian rhythmicity, which could either indicate that the clock molecular oscillator is highly light-dependent, or that there was an oscillation but that we were unable to detect it. Overall, our study suggests that a strong circadian control on behavioural rhythms may not necessarily be advantageous in a natural population of sticklebacks and that the daily phase of activity varies greatly between individuals because of a differential masking effect of light.

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