scholarly journals Environmental influence on the egg size of pullets in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
A. González Chapel ◽  
M. Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Depressive Effect ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Summer Temperatures

The curve of the egg size (in ounces per dozen eggs) for the first laying year was studied in a group of 206 pullets of different breeds and crossbreds. Regression studies were made of the average monthly egg size. The early-maturing pullets started by laying smaller eggs than the late-maturing pullets. The observations made on the curves of the egg size seems to agree with the findings of Warren et al (9) in respect to the depressive effect of high temperature on egg weight. Egg size increased progressively during the first months of laying, reaching a maximum from May to June. The high summer temperatures caused it to decrease rapidly toward the end of the laying year.

Environmental influence on maturation and dominance relationships in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.): temperature competes with photoperiod for primacy

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Sokołowska ◽  
Ewa Kulczykowska
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Final Maturation ◽  
Maturation Rate ◽  
Spawning Periods

Environmental influence on maturation and dominance relationships in the three-spined stickleback (In this study, the influence of a combination of different photoperiods and temperatures on the final maturation and social interactions in three-spined sticklebacks was investigated. Water temperature appears to be the principal signal affecting gonadal development and breeding activity of sticklebacks in pre-spawning and spawning periods. Males can mature independently of photoperiod and a stimulatory effect of high temperature is not diminished by light deprivation. On the other hand, low temperature can inhibit the development of secondary sexual characters in males exposed to long day or constant light. In females, lighting seems to be more decisive for complete maturation and the lack of light delays the maturation rate, even in high temperature. While kept under the same conditions, males mature quicker than females. The presence of light and visual information are crucial to establish the social position of individuals in the group. In light, a rigid social hierarchy with one dominant, sexually active male is observed. In constant darkness, however, several males in the group demonstrate every sign of sexual activity.

Environmental Influence on the Tolerance of Corn to Atrazine

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lafayette Thompson ◽  
F. W. Slife ◽  
H. S. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Peptide Conjugates ◽  
Before And After

Corn(Zea maysL.) in the two to three-leaf stage grown 18 to 21 days in a growth chamber under cold, wet conditions was injured by postemergence application of 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) plus emulsifiable phytobland oil. Injury was most severe when these plants were kept under cold, wet conditions for 48 hr after the herbicidal spray was applied, followed by exposure to high light intensity and high temperature. Under these growth chamber conditions, approximately 50% of the atrazine-treated plants died. Since wet foliage before and after application increased foliar penetration and low temperature decreased the rate of detoxication to peptide conjugates, atrazine accumulated under cold, wet conditions. This accumulation of foliarly-absorbed atrazine and the “weakened” conditions of the plants grown under the stress conditions is believed to be responsible for the injury to corn. Hydroxylation and the dihydroxybenzoxazin-3-one content in the roots were reduced at low temperature, but it is unlikely that this contributed to the death of the corn.

Performance of laying hens fed on diets containing heat-treated beans (Vicia faba L. var. minor), cotyledons and hulls

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-701
Author(s):  
G. Olaboro ◽  
L. D. Campbell ◽  
R. R. Marquardt
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Vicia Faba L

SUMMARYTwo experiments were conducted to study the influence of heat treatment of Vicia faba beans on the productive performance of laying hens fed diets containing large proportions of the beans. In the first experiment, the effects of extruding and pelleting the beans were studied while in the second experiment the effects of autoclaving at 121 °C for 30 min the cotyledons and hulls of the beans were evaluated. Hyline-W36 layers were used in the first experiment while two strains (Shaver-288 and Dekalb) of birds were used in the second experiment. Each experiment lasted 5 months during which data on egg production, egg weight, feed intake, mortality and body-weight gain of birds were collected. The results obtained indicated that heat treatment (extruding, pelleting and autoclaving) of the beans, cotyledons and hulls had no beneficial effect on the productive performance of laying hens fed on diets containing large proportions of the heated beans, cotyledons and hulls. Egg-size reducing factors appeared to be concentrated in the cotyledons rather than the hulls of the beans.

Performance of laying hens as affected by the supplementation of a barley-based diet with a crude enzyme preparation from Trichoderma viride

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brufau ◽  
R. Cos ◽  
A. Pérez-Vendrell ◽  
E. Esteve-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Crude Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Enzyme Supplement

Two experiments were conducted to compare the performance of Leghorn hens fed a barley-based diet (68.93%) containing three levels of a Trichoderma viride enzyme supplement (0, 100 and 200 mg kg−1 as treatments T2, T3 and T4, respectively) with those obtained when fed a corn-based diet (Treatment T1). In exp. 1, 80 hens were used to determine performance during four 28-d periods, between 21 and 37 wk of age. Egg production, feed consumption, feed efficiency and egg weight of the hens were not affected by enzyme supplement and were similar to those of hens fed the corn diet (P > 0.05). There were also no significant effects on feed consumption per gram of egg or per bird per day (P > 0.05). There was a significant interaction for egg weight between enzyme addition and periods (P < 0.034), indicating that enzyme supplementation improved egg size in the early periods. In exp. 2, 20 hens were fed the same diets to measure water consumption and the ratio of water to feed consumption. Water consumption was not affected (P < 0.07) but the ratio of water to feed was significantly reduced (P < 0.0005) when enzyme was added to the barley-based diet. Water consumption in g d−1 was 172 for T1, 215 for T2, 211 for T3, and 195 for T4, and the water to feed ratios were 1.40, 1.85, 1.66, and 1.56, respectively. These results demonstrate that barley can replace corn in layer diets and that the addition of enzyme to barley-based diets appears to improve egg size and to reduce water consumption relative to feed intake in young laying hens. Key words: Laying hens, performance, water consumption, β-glucans, enzyme supplementation

Summer infertility in pigs: its incidence and characteristics in an Australian commercial piggery

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (94) ◽  
pp. 698 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Paterson ◽  
I Barker ◽  
DR Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Fertilization Failure ◽  
Summer Temperatures

The records of five years' production in an 800 sow commercial piggery were examined and the relationships between summer temperatures, returns to service and litter size were considered. When mean daily maximum temperature exceeded 32�C during the week of service there was an increase in the number of sows failing to hold to service. The number of sows that returned to service 15-25 days after mating remained constant throughout the year, and summer infertility was characterized by an increase in the number of sows that exhibited extended, irregular return-to-service intervals. The litter size of sows that conceived during the period of summer infertility was not significantly different from that of sows conceiving at other times of the year. The data suggest that summer infertility is not due simply to fertilization failure, embryonic mortality or an increased incidence of abortions in sows mated during periods of high temperature. Neither does boar fertility appear to be in question. It seems most likely that heat stress around the time of mating may affect ovarian function, resulting in temporary infertility and an endocrine imbalance, which causes delayed, irregular returns to oestrus.

Yolk size and ovulation order determine fertility within double-yolked duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) eggs

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Salamon ◽  
John P. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Egg Size ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Primacy Effect ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Positive Factor

Herein we examined the effects of yolk size and ovulation order on the fertilisation of yolks within double-yolked (DY) duck eggs. Single-yolked (SY) duck eggs had high fertility (89.98%), whereas in DY duck eggs fertility was low (51.9% yolks). The yolks closer to the airspace (Yolk 1) in DY eggs had higher fertility (68.82% vs 34.98% for Yolk 2; P < 0.001). When only one of the two yolks was fertilised, Yolk 1 was fertilised in 99.12% of those eggs. Yolk 1 is presumed to be the first ovulated. The higher fertility of Yolk 1 is consistent with a primacy effect where the first ovulation has a higher probability of achieving fertilisation. Small DY eggs within the normal SY egg weight range (75–104.9 g) had significantly lower yolk fertility (47.91%; n = 550) compared with large (≥105 g) DY eggs (54.56%; n = 768; P < 0.001). Yolk 1 fertility was lower in small compared with large DY eggs (64.18% vs 72.14%, respectively; P = 0.003). Although Yolk 2 fertility was low, it was not affected by egg size. DY eggs with zero fertilised yolks were significantly lighter than DY eggs with one (P = 0.007) or two (P < 0.001) fertilised yolks (i.e. larger DY eggs were more likely to have fertilised yolks). Larger eggs (≥105 g) have larger yolks and the evidence here shows that an optimal yolk size is a significant positive factor in achieving fertilization by dislodging spermatozoa, after ovulation, from their storage sites.

Egg size, fecundity, and development rate of two introduced New Zealand chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1946-1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T Kinnison ◽  
Martin J Unwin ◽  
William K Hershberger ◽  
Thomas P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Development Rates ◽  
Temperature Records

Interpopulation differences in several adult phenotypic traits suggest that New Zealand (NZ) chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are evolving into distinct populations. To further investigate this hypothesis, we compared egg sizes, fecundities, and early development rates of chinook from two NZ streams. The two NZ study populations differed in size-adjusted egg weight and gonadosomatic index, but not in size-adjusted fecundity. Egg weight, fecundity, and gonadosomatic index values for both NZ populations were different than values for chinook from Battle Creek, California, the population regarded as the ancestral NZ stock. In contrast, there was little evidence of divergence in juvenile development. Time to hatching did not differ between the two NZ study populations and heritability estimates were small with large standard errors. Evidence of a small difference in alevin growth rate may have represented an effect of yolk conversion mechanics related to egg size. Despite the similarity in development rates under shared conditions, modeling based on temperature records suggests that emergence dates in the two NZ streams may differ by 4-6 weeks, yielding significant phenotypic differences.

scholarly journals Influence of Dry Rum Distillery Slops in Diets for White Leghorn Hens on Laying Rate, Feed Conversion, and Egg Size and Quality

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-469
Author(s):  
Manuel Soldevila ◽  
Renato Irizarry
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Isocaloric Diets

Balanced (isonitrogenous and isocaloric) diets containing from 0 to 35% dried cane molasses rum distillery slops were compared using individually caged White Leghorn hens of the Kimber strain. When production and feed utilization were compared, a stepwise decrease, more pronounced with levels above 20%, was evident with increases in the slops content of the diets. Eggs were permanently stained and hens markedly soiled when consuming diets with levels of dry slops higher than 15%. Averages of egg weight, hen weight, broken-open egg height (inner quality), and shell thickness were not affected by levels of dry slops as high as 35% in the diets. The high levels of K, Mg, and SO4  present in the experimental diets did not affect the calcium metabolism involved in shell formation.

scholarly journals Effect of Phytase Supplementation on the Performance of Babcock-380 Layer Hens

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
MD. Ruhul Amin ◽  
Elliyana Nadia Hamidi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Production Group

 In order to examine the effect of phytase supplementation in the diet of laying hen this experiment was conducted with 30 commercial hybrid Babcock-380 layers of 73 weeks of age. The hens were grouped into 3 treatment groups and given microbial phytase (Rena Phytase 400) at levels 2.5, 1.5 and 0 (control) g/kg feed in addition to their basal diet (110 g commercial pellet/day). Records on egg production/group/day, egg mass weight/day, body weight of hens at the end of experimental period were taken and analysed. Results revealed that hen house egg production (HHEP) and egg weight (EW) varied (p<0.05) among the treatment groups but level of phytase did not affect (p<0.05) body weight of hens. Both HHEP and EW were in order of 2.5>1.5>0 g/kg feed phytase group and all the means were significantly (p<0.05) different from each other within treatment groups. Microbial phytase supplementation in layer ration proved to be beneficial in terms of egg production and egg size even after 72 weeks of age of hens. Layer farms in Malaysia can use this technology to earn more profit.

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