scholarly journals Cytokine Profiles in Nasal Fluid in Patients with Nasal Polyps: A Flow Cytometric Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Perić ◽  
Danilo Vojvodić ◽  
Vesna Radulović
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Eosinophilic Inflammation ◽  
Cytokine Profiles ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Flow Cytometric Study ◽  
Nasal Fluid

Cytokine Profiles in Nasal Fluid in Patients with Nasal Polyps: A Flow Cytometric StudyBiological markers in nasal fluid provide valuable information on nasal pathophysiology. The aims of this study were to compare the cytokine profiles of nasal fluid in subjects with nasal polyps (NP) and co-morbid asthma and NP patients without asthma and to determine the role of these cytokines in the development of NP. Thirty patients with NP (15 asthmatic and 15 non asthmatic) were included in this prospective study. Nasal secretion samples were collected from nasal cavities of all 30 subjects. The levels of eleven cytokines (TNF-α, TNF-β, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-γ) were measured using flow cytometry. The concentrations of Th2 cytokines IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly higher in patients with NP and asthma compared with subjects with NP without asthma. We also found significantly higher levels of IFN-α, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 in allergic patients with NP and asthma compared with those without asthma. In nonallergic patients with NP and asthma, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-5 and IL-6 were significantly higher than in nonallergic patients with NP without asthma. Our results show that the presence of Th2 cytokines, especially IL-5 and IL-6 in patients with NP and asthma is a more prominent feature than in those without asthma that relates to the increased eosinophilic inflammation. We have also found a significant influence of allergy on the cytokine profiles both in asthmatic and nonasthmatic patients.

scholarly journals Let-7a-5p regulates the inflammatory response in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
Lei Han ◽  
Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Western Blot Assay ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract Background Let-7a-5p is demonstrated to be a tumor inhibitor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, the role of let-7a-5p in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has not been reported. This study is designed to determine the pattern of expression and role of let-7a-5p in CRSwNP. Methods The expression level of let-7a-5p, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in CRSwNP tissues and cells were detected by RT-qPCR. Western blot assay was carried out to measure the protein expression of the Ras-MAPK pathway. Dual luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay were used to explore the relationship between let-7a-5p and IL-6. Results Let-7a-5p was significantly downregulated in CRSwNP tissues and cells. Moreover, the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 was increased in CRSwNP tissues, while let-7a-5p mimic inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Besides that, let-7a-5p was negatively correlated with TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in CRSwNP tissues. In our study, IL-6 was found to be a target gene of let-7a-5p. Additionally, let-7-5p mimic obviously reduced the protein levels of Ras, p-Raf1, p-MEK1 and p-ERK1/2, while IL-6 overexpression destroyed the inhibitory effect of let-7a-5p on the Ras-MAPK pathway in CRSwNP. Conclusion We demonstrated that let-7a-5p/IL-6 interaction regulated the inflammatory response through the Ras-MAPK pathway in CRSwNP.

scholarly journals POS0333 ALTERED MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION PHENOTYPES IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 394.1-394
Author(s):  
A. Hukara ◽  
M. Rudnik ◽  
C. B. Rufer ◽  
O. Distler ◽  
P. Blyszczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Surface Marker ◽  
Surface Marker Expression ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Alternatively Activated ◽  
Classically Activated

Background:Fos-like 2 (Fosl-2) is a transcription factor of the AP-1 family and has a broad range in inducing cellular changes affecting fibrosis and inflammatory responses. Pathological effects of Fosl-2 have been associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc). In addition, increased expression of Fosl-2 has been detected in human SSc monocyte-derived macrophages [1]. Monocytes and macrophages play a central role in activating and propagating acute inflammation followed by pathological fibrosis and organ dysfunction. The classification of the macrophage polarization phenotype can be assigned based on the stimulus, for example into classically-activated M(LPS), and alternatively-activated M(IL-4) macrophages [2]. However, the role of the Fosl-2 transcription factor in macrophage polarization remains elusive.Objectives:To investigate the role of Fosl-2 in macrophage polarization in SSc using Fosl-2 overexpressing transgenic (Fosl-2 tg) mice and human blood-derived macrophages from SSc patients.Methods:Thiogylcolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages were isolated from wild-type (wt) and Fosl-2 tg mice. Human peripheral CD14+ blood-derived monocytes were isolated and differentiated to macrophages (hMDM) from healthy controls and SSc patients. Murine and human macrophages were polarized with LPS (10 ng/ml), LPS + recombinant mouse IFN-γ (10 ng/ml), recombinant mouse, resp. human IL-4 (10 ng/ml) or remained untreated. Macrophage surface marker expression was assessed by flow cytometry using a mouse (F4/80, CD11b, CD86, CD80, CD38, MHCII, CD206, PD-L1, PD-L2, CD36) or human (CD38, CD40, CD86, PD-L2, PD-L1, CD163, CD206) designed polarization panel. Phagocytic activity was detected with pHrodo Red E.coli particles by flow cytometry. Gene expression and secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers were measured by RT-qPCR, standard ELISAs and Griess Assay for nitric oxide production.Results:After LPS stimulation, mRNA levels of IL-1β (p<0.01, n=11-12), TNF-α (p=0.05, n=11-12) and IFN-γ (p<0.05, n=7) were reduced, whereas expression of IL-10 (p<0.05, n=11-12) was enhanced in Fosl-2 tg peritoneal macrophages in comparison to wt cells. Secretion of TNF-α (p<0.01, n=9-11) and nitric oxide (p<0.01, n=9) was impaired in Fosl-2 tg peritoneal macrophages compared to wt cells after LPS stimulation. Peritoneal macrophages were analyzed directly after isolation for macrophage polarization cell surface marker expression. Fosl-2 tg peritoneal macrophages showed an increase in the F4/80+CD11b+PD-L2+CD36+ cell population (p<0.01, n=3-6) compared to peritoneal macrophages from wt mice.The expression of cell surface markers of non-polarized and IL-4 stimulated SSc hMDM (n=17) showed an increased percentage of CD40+CD86+CD206+PD-L2+CD163+ cells (p<0.05) compared to healthy control hMDM (n=7). Phagocytic activity was enhanced in SSc hMDM (n=7) compared to healthy untreated (p<0.05), LPS (p=0.05) and IL-4 (p<0.05) hMDM (n=5).Conclusion:Our animal data indicates a role of Fosl-2 in regulating macrophage polarization with a shift from a classically-activated to an alternatively-activated phenotype. Similarly, SSc hMDM resemble a functional M(IL-4) alternative macrophage phenotype.Thus, maintaining a balanced proportion of classically- and alternatively-activated macrophage phenotypes may be an effective tool to control macrophage function in SSc.References:[1]Moreno-Moral, A., et al., Changes in macrophage transcriptome associate with systemic sclerosis and mediate GSDMA contribution to disease risk. Ann Rheum Dis, 2018. 77(4): p. 596-601.[2]Kania, G., M. Rudnik, and O. Distler, Involvement of the myeloid cell compartment in fibrogenesis and systemic sclerosis. Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2019. 15(5): p. 288-302.Disclosure of Interests:Amela Hukara: None declared, Michal Rudnik: None declared, Chantal Brigitta Rufer: None declared, Oliver Distler Speakers bureau: Actelion, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medscape, Novartis, Roche, Menarini, Mepha, MSD, iQone, Pfizer, Consultant of: Abbvie, Actelion, Acceleron Pharma, Amgen, AnaMar, Arxx Therapeutics, Bayer, Baecon Discovery, Blade Therapeutics, Boehringer, CSL Behring, ChemomAb, Corpuspharma, Curzion Pharmaceuticals, Ergonex, Galapagos NV, GSK, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, Inventiva, Italfarmaco, iQvia, Kymera, Medac, Medscape, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Roche, Sanofi, UCB, Lilly, Target BioScience, Pfizer, Grant/research support from: Actelion, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Kymera Therapeutics, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Przemyslaw Blyszczuk: None declared, Gabriela Kania: None declared

scholarly journals Behҫet’s Disease, and the Role of TNF-α and TNF-α Blockers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3072
Author(s):  
Tim van der Houwen ◽  
Jan van Laar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Th22 Cells ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Auto Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Positive Effect

In this both narrative and systematic review, we explore the role of TNF-α in the immunopathogenesis of Behçet’s disease (BD) and the effect of treatment with TNF-α blockers. BD is an auto-inflammatory disease, characterized by recurrent painful oral ulcerations. The pathogenesis of BD is not yet elucidated; it is assumed that TNF-α may play a key role. In the narrative review, we report an increased production of TNF-α, which may be stimulated via TLR-signaling, or triggered by increased levels of IL-1β and IFN-γ. The abundance of TNF-α is found in both serum and in sites of inflammation. This increased presence of TNF-α stimulates T-cell development toward pro-inflammatory subsets, such as Th17 and Th22 cells. Treatment directed against the surplus of TNF-α is investigated in the systematic review, performed according to the PRISMA guideline. We searched the Pubmed and Cochrane database, including comparative studies only. After including 11 studies, we report a beneficial effect of treatment with TNF-α blockers on the various manifestations of BD. In conclusion, the pivotal role of TNF-α in the immunopathogenesis of BD is reflected in both the evidence of their pro-inflammatory effects in BD and in the evidence of the positive effect of treatment on the course of disease in BD.

IL-36R ligands are potent regulators of dendritic and T cells

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (22) ◽  
pp. 5813-5823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solenne Vigne ◽  
Gaby Palmer ◽  
Céline Lamacchia ◽  
Praxedis Martin ◽  
Dominique Talabot-Ayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Mhc Class Ii ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Murine Bone Marrow ◽  
Intracellular Signals ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract IL-36α (IL-1F6), IL-36β (IL-1F8), and IL-36γ (IL-1F9) are members of the IL-1 family of cytokines. These cytokines bind to IL-36R (IL-1Rrp2) and IL-1RAcP, activating similar intracellular signals as IL-1, whereas IL-36Ra (IL-1F5) acts as an IL-36R antagonist (IL-36Ra). In this study, we show that both murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and CD4+ T lymphocytes constitutively express IL-36R and respond to IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ. IL-36 induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-12, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-23 by BMDCs with a more potent stimulatory effect than that of other IL-1 cytokines. In addition, IL-36β enhanced the expression of CD80, CD86, and MHC class II by BMDCs. IL-36 also induced the production of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 by CD4+ T cells and cultured splenocytes. These stimulatory effects were antagonized by IL-36Ra when used in 100- to 1000-fold molar excess. The immunization of mice with IL-36β significantly and specifically promoted Th1 responses. Our data thus indicate a critical role of IL-36R ligands in the interface between innate and adaptive immunity, leading to the stimulation of T helper responses.

Paracoccidioidomycosis: characterization of subpopulations of macrophages and cytokines in human mucosal lesions

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Pagliari ◽  
L Kanashiro-Galo ◽  
A C C Jesus ◽  
M G Saldanha ◽  
M N Sotto
Keyword(s):  
Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Arginase 1 ◽  
Immunohistochemistry Analysis ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Th1 Cytokines ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Number Of Cells

AbstractMucosal lesions of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) are frequently described and clinically important. Macrophages are classified as M1 or M2. M1 are proinflammatory and M2 are related to chronicity. Dectin-1 recognizes β-glucan and plays an important role against fungal cells. The objective was to verify the presence of M1, M2, and dectin-1 and a possible correlation with Th1/Th2 cytokines in mucosal PCM lesions. In sum, 33 biopsies of oral PCM were submitted to histological and immunohistochemistry analysis, and positive cells were quantified. Eleven biopsies were characterized by compact granulomas (G1), 12 with loose granulomas (G2), and 10 with both kind of granulomas (G3). pSTAT-1 was equally increased in the three groups. G1 was characterized by an increased number of CD163+ macrophages. G2 presented similar number of arginase 1, iNOS, and CD163 expressing cells. G3 presented an increased number of cells expressing arginase 1 and CD163 over iNOS. G1 and G3 presented high number of cells expressing interferon (IFN)-γ; interleukin (IL) 5 was increased in G2 and G3; the expression of IL10 was similar among the three groups, and the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was higher in G3. G1 correlates to Th1 cytokines and pSTAT-1 and G2 correlates to Th2 cytokines. G3 presents both kinds of cytokines. We could not associate the expression of arginase-1, CD163, iNOS, and dectin-1 with the pattern of cytokines or kind of granuloma.

The role of TNF-α in eosinophilic inflammation associated with RSV bronchiolitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungi Choi ◽  
Zak Callaway ◽  
Hyo-Bin Kim ◽  
Takao Fujisawa ◽  
Chang-Keun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Eosinophilic Inflammation ◽  
Tnf Α

scholarly journals Pulmonary Inflammation Induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipopolysaccharide, Phospholipase C, and Exotoxin A: Role of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1352-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharina W. Wieland ◽  
Britta Siegmund ◽  
Giorgio Senaldi ◽  
Michael L. Vasil ◽  
Charles A. Dinarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Interferon Regulatory Factor ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Exotoxin A ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Chronic pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is common in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phosholipase C (PLC), and exotoxin A (ETA) were evaluated for their ability to induce pulmonary inflammation in mice following intranasal inoculation. Both LPS and PLC induced high levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), MIP-1α and MIP-2 in the lungs but did not affect IL-18 levels. ETA did not induce TNF-α and was a weak inducer of IL-1β, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), and MIP-2. Remarkably, ETA reduced constitutive lung IL-18 levels. LPS was the only factor inducing IFN-γ. LPS, PLC, and ETA all induced cell infiltration in the lungs. The role of interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) in pulmonary inflammation induced by LPS, PLC, and ETA was evaluated. When inoculated with LPS, IRF-1 gene knockout (IRF-1 KO) mice produced lower levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ than did wild-type (WT) mice. Similarly, a milder effect of ETA on IL-1β and IL-18 was observed for IRF-1 KO than for WT mice. In contrast, the cytokine response to PLC did not differ between WT and IRF-1 KO mice. Accordingly, LPS and ETA, but not PLC, induced expression of IRF-1 mRNA. IRF-1 deficiency had no effect on MIP-1α and MIP-2 levels and on cell infiltration induced by LPS, PLC, or ETA. Flow cytometric evaluation of lung mononuclear cells revealed strongly reduced percentages of CD8+ and NK cells in IRF-1 KO mice compared to percentages observed for WT mice. These data indicate that different virulence factors from P. aeruginosa induce pulmonary inflammation in vivo and that IRF-1 is involved in some of the cytokine responses to LPS and ETA.

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