scholarly journals Glucose Metabolism Disorders and Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes in 45-74-Years-old Population in Rīga, Latvia

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Noël Barengo ◽  
Dana Misiņa ◽  
Lauma Zariņa ◽  
Jānis Kloviņš ◽  
Dita Ozola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Risk Factor Profile

Glucose Metabolism Disorders and Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes in 45-74-Years-old Population in Rīga, Latvia The aims of this study were to investigate the current prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT), compare the risk factor profile between persons with and without AGT among 45-74 years-old Latvian men and women, and to validate the Finnish diabetes risk score (FINDRISC) questionnaire in detecting AGT in the middle-aged Latvian population. A cross-sectional survey among the 45-74-years old population randomly selected from the registers of general practitioners in Rīga, Latvia was carried out between April 2008 and March 2009. The survey consisted of a questionnaire, measurements such as height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure as well as blood oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), cholesterol and its fractions. Prevalence of obesity, central obesity and physical inactivity were high in the Latvian population. Women with AGT had a worse risk factor profile for T2D and cardiovascular diseases compared to those with normal glucose tolerance. No differences were found in the risk factor profile between men with and without AGT. A high proportion of men and women with more than 11 FINDRISC points had undetected AGT. The FINDRISC questionnaire can be used in clinical practice to detect persons with AGT in the Latvian population.

Pre-diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Status in Overweight and Obese Children in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Monira Hossain ◽  
Suraiya Begum ◽  
Shahana A Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Diabetes Status

Introduction: Obesity in childhood is associated with many co-morbid conditions; one of them is alteration of glucose metabolism. Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 overweight and obese children aged 5-16 years to determine the status of pre-diabetes (IFG and IGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), attending the OPD, BSMMU, Dhaka. All overweight/obese children were included according to BMI for age and sex using CDC growth chart. Children taking steroid for any cause or having any endocrine disorder or syndrome was excluded from the study. Anthropometry and blood pressure measurement were done and skin manifestations of insulin resistance were looked for. Fasting lipid profile and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done for each child. Result: Among the studied children 62% were male and 38% female, 77% were obese and 23% were over weight. Evidence of insulin resistance were found among most of the children and most common evidence was dyslipidemia (80%) followed by acanthosis nigricans(76%). Skin manifestation of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was found in 3% of children. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was found in 4% and Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) was found in 7% of children among them 4% had both IGT and IFT. No child was found diabetic in this study. Conclusion:Altered glucose metabolism was present in overweight and obese children of our children, so screening is recommended. Bangladesh J Child Health 2020; VOL 44 (3) :143-147

scholarly journals A prospective cohort study of postpartum glucose metabolic disorders in early versus standard diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Cosma ◽  
Jeanne Imbernon ◽  
Léonore Zagdoun ◽  
Pierre Boulot ◽  
Eric Renard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism Disorders

AbstractEarly gestational diabetes mellitus (eGDM) is diagnosed when fasting plasma glucose before 24 weeks of gestation (WG) is ≥ 5.1 mmol/L, whilst standard GDM is diagnosed between 24 and 28 WG by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). eGDM seems to have worse obstetric outcomes than standard GDM. We compared the rates of postpartum glucose metabolism disorders between women with early versus standard GDM in this prospective study on women with GDM from three university hospitals between 2014 and 2016. Patients were included if they were < 24 WG with at least one risk factor for GDM and excluded if they had type 2 diabetes. Patients were assigned to Group 1 (G1) for eGDM according to IADPSG: fasting blood glucose < 24 WG between 5.1 and 7 mmol/L. Group 2 (G2) consisted of patients presenting a standard GDM at 24–28 WG on OGTT results according to IADPSG: T0 ≥ 5.1 mmol/L or T60 ≥ 10.0 mmol g/L or T120 ≥ 8.5 mmol/L. The primary outcome was postpartum OGTT result. Five hundred patients were analysed, with 273 patients undergoing OGTT at 4–18 weeks postpartum: 192 patients in G1 (early) and 81 in G2 (standard). Patients in G1 experienced more insulin therapy during pregnancy than G2 (52.2% versus 32.5%, p < 0.001), but no patients were taking insulin postpartum in either group. G1 patients experienced less preterm labour (2.6% versus 9.1%, p = 0.043), more induced deliveries (38% versus 25%, p = 0.049) and reduced foetal complications (29.2% versus 42.0%, p = 0.048). There was no significant difference in the rate of postpartum glucose metabolism disorders (type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glycaemia) between groups: 48/192 (25%) in G1 and 17/81 (21%) in G2, p = 0.58. Thus the frequency of early postpartum glucose metabolism disorders is high, without difference between eGDM and standard GDM. This supports measurement of fasting plasma glucose before 24 WG and the threshold of 5.1 mmol/L seems appropriate until verification in future studies.Trial registration: NCT01839448, ClinicalTrials.gov on 22/04/2013.

scholarly journals The Effects of High Haematocrit Levels on Glucose Metabolism Disorders

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Çapoğlu ◽  
N Ünüvar ◽  
Y Bektaş ◽  
Ö Yilmaz ◽  
MD Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Glucose Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Glucose Metabolism Disorder ◽  
High Haematocrit

There has been only limited research investigating the possible association between raised haematocrit levels, glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we explored the association between high haematocrit levels and impaired glucose tolerance by performing oral glucose tolerance tests in 46 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and no previous history of diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance. A glucose metabolism disorder was observed in 12 (26%) patients (type 2 diabetes in six patients and impaired glucose tolerance in a further six). There was a significant association between high haematocrit levels and the presence of a glucose metabolism disorder, which was independent of other risk factors. High haematocrit levels may be an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance.

Oral glucose tolerance response curve predicts disposition index but not other cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Hoffman ◽  
Melanie M. Copenhaver ◽  
Danlei Zhou ◽  
Chack-Yung Yu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Disposition Index ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance

Abstract Objectives In obese adults the shape of the glucose response curve during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) predicts future type 2 diabetes. Patients with an incessant increase or monophasic curves have increased risk compared to those with biphasic curves. Since type 2 diabetes is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, we studied whether differences in OGTT response curve are associated with differences in cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy adolescents across a wide body mass index (BMI) range. Methods Sixty-nine (33F/36M), white adolescents (age: 15.2 ± 1.7 years; BMI: 21.5 ± 4.7 kg/m2; mean ± SD) were studied. Risk factors measured included percent body fat, blood pressure, lipids, augmentation index, reactive hyperemia, endothelin 1, plasminogen activator 1, inflammatory markers (interleukin 6, c-reactive protein), insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity (Matusda index), and disposition index (DI). Results Thirty-two subjects had biphasic responses; 35 subjects had monophasic responses and two females had incessant increases. Sex did not affect the frequency of responses. Glucose area under the curve during OGTT was greater in those with a mono vs. biphasic curves (p=0.01). Disposition index was markedly lower in subjects with a monophasic curve than in those with a biphasic curve (3.6 [2.3–5.0] vs. 5.8 [3.8–7.6], median [25th, 75th%] p=0.003). Triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) ratio was higher in subjects with a monophasic curve (p=0.046). Conclusions The decreased disposition index indicates that in healthy adolescents a monophasic response to OGTT is due to decreased insulin secretion relative to the degree of insulin resistance present. This was not associated with differences in most other cardiometabolic risk markers. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov, NCT02821104.

scholarly journals Current use of combined hormonal contraception is associated with glucose metabolism disorders in perimenopausal women

2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-626
Author(s):  
Maria-Elina Mosorin ◽  
Annina Haverinen ◽  
Meri-Maija Ollila ◽  
Tanja Nordström ◽  
Jari Jokelainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Glucose Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Perimenopausal Women ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Objective The use of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) worsens glucose tolerance, but the risk for glucose metabolism disorders remains controversial. Design The study is a prospective longitudinal population-based cohort study. Methods The study was based on a cohort population that comprised 1879 women born in 1966. At age 46, the women answered a questionnaire on contraceptive use and underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Glucose metabolism indices were evaluated in current CHC (n = 153), progestin-only contraceptive (POC, n = 842), and non-hormonal contraceptive users (n = 884). Results In the entire study population, current CHC use was significantly associated with prediabetes (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3–3.2) and type 2 diabetes (OR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.1–9.7) compared to non-hormonal contraceptive use. After 5 years of use, the prediabetes risk increased 2.2-fold (95% CI: 1.3–3.7) and type 2 diabetes risk increased 4.5-fold (95% CI: 1.5–13.5). Compared with the current POC use, current CHC use was significantly associated with prediabetes (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2–3.0). Current POC use was not associated with any glucose metabolism disorders. The results prevailed after adjusting for BMI and socioeconomic status. Conclusions CHC use in perimenopausal women was associated with a significantly increased risk of glucose metabolism disorders. This association should be considered in women with increased metabolic risk.

scholarly journals Waist circumference thresholds predicting incident dysglycemia and type 2 diabetes in Black African men and women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia H. Goedecke ◽  
Kim Nguyen ◽  
Clement Kufe ◽  
Maphoko Masemola ◽  
Tinashe Chikowore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Men And Women

Objective: To determine the waist circumference (WC) thresholds for the prediction of incident dysglycemia and type 2 diabetes in Black South African (SA) men and women and compare these to advocated International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Europid thresholds. Research design and methods: In this prospective study, Black SA men (n=502) and women (n=527) from the Middle Aged Sowetan Cohort (MASC) study who had normal or impaired fasting glucose at baseline (2011-2015) were followed up through 2017-2018. Baseline measurements included anthropometry, blood pressure and fasting glucose, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. At follow-up, glucose tolerance was assessed using an oral glucose tolerance test. The Youden index was used to determine the optimal threshold of WC to predict incident dysglycemia and type 2 diabetes. Results: In men, the optimal WC threshold was 96.8 cm for both dysglycemia and type 2 diabetes (sensitivity 56 and 70%, specificity 74 and 70%, respectively), which performed similarly to the IDF threshold of 94 cm. In women, the optimal WC threshold for incident dysglycemia was 91.8 cm (sensitivity 86%, specificity 37%) and for type 2 diabetes was 95.8 cm (sensitivity 85%, specificity 45%). In comparison, the IDF threshold of 80 cm in women had higher sensitivity (97 and 100%), but lower specificity (12 and 11%) to predict incident dysglycemia and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Conclusions: In this first prospective study of incident type 2 diabetes in Africa, we show that African-specific WC thresholds perform better than the IDF WC thresholds to predict incident dysglycemia and type 2 diabetes.

The monophasic pattern in oral glucose tolerance test as a predictive risk factor of type 2 diabetes in obese paediatric patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
Aura D. Herrera-Martínez ◽  
Patricia Enes ◽  
María Martín-Frías ◽  
Belén Roldán ◽  
Rosa Yelmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Predictive Risk Factor ◽  
Predictive Risk

scholarly journals Higher Concentrations of BCAAs and 3-HIB Are Associated with Insulin Resistance in the Transition from Gestational Diabetes to Type 2 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrika Andersson-Hall ◽  
Carolina Gustavsson ◽  
Anders Pedersen ◽  
Daniel Malmodin ◽  
Louise Joelsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose

Aim. Determine the metabolic profile and identify risk factors of women transitioning from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. 237 women diagnosed with GDM underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), anthropometrics assessment, and completed lifestyle questionnaires six years after pregnancy. Blood was analysed for clinical variables (e.g., insulin, glucose, HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, and lipid levels) and NMR metabolomics. Based on the OGTT, women were divided into three groups: normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and T2DM. Results. Six years after GDM, 19% of subjects had T2DM and 19% IGT. After BMI adjustment, the IGT group had lower HDL, higher leptin, and higher free fatty acid (FFA) levels, and the T2DM group higher triglyceride, FFA, and C-reactive protein levels than the NGT group. IGT and T2DM groups reported lower physical activity. NMR measurements revealed that levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the valine metabolite 3-hydroxyisobyturate were higher in T2DM and IGT groups and correlated with measures of insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. Conclusion. In addition to well-known clinical risk factors, BCAAs and 3-hydroxyisobyturate are potential markers to be evaluated as predictors of metabolic risk after pregnancy complicated by GDM.

Relationship between country income, socioeconomic factors and control of cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with type 2 Diabetes: insights from the global DISCOVER registry

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Malik ◽  
H Chen ◽  
A Cooper ◽  
M Gomes ◽  
V Hejjaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Optimal Control ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Risk Factor Control ◽  
Cv Disease

Abstract Background In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), optimal management of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors is critical for primary prevention of CV disease. Purpose To describe the association of country income and patient socioeconomic factors with risk factor control in patients with T2D. Methods DISCOVER is a 37-country, prospective, observational study of 15,983 patients with T2D enrolled between January 2016 and December 2018 at initiation of 2nd-line glucose-lowering therapy and followed for 3 years. In patients without known CV disease with sub-optimally controlled risk factors at baseline, we examined achievement of risk factor control (HbA1c &lt;7%, BP &lt;140/90 mmHg, appropriate statin) at the 3 year follow-up. Countries were stratified by gross national income (GNI)/capita, per World Bank report. We explored variability across countries in risk factor control achievement using hierarchical logistic regression models and examined the association of country- and patient-level economic factors with risk factor control. Results Among 9,613 patients with T2D but without CV disease (mean age 57.2 years, 47.9% women), 83.1%, 37.5%, and 66.3% did not have optimal control of glucose, BP, and statins, respectively, at baseline. Of these, 40.8%, 55.5%, and 28.6% achieved optimal control at 3 years of follow-up. There was substantial variability in achievement of risk factor control across countries (Figure) but no association of country GNI/capita on achievement of risk factor control (Table). Insurance status, which differed substantially by GNI group, was strongly associated with glycemic control, with no insurance and public insurance associated with lower odds of patients achieving HbA1c &lt;7%. Conclusions In a global cohort of patients with T2D, a substantial proportion do not achieve risk factor control even after 3 years of follow-up. The variability across countries in risk factor control is not explained by the GNI/capita of the country. Proportion of patients at goal Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): The DISCOVER study is funded by AstraZeneca

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