scholarly journals History of wheat breeding in Latvia

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Vija Strazdiņa
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Varieties

History of wheat breeding in Latvia A gene pool of Latvian winter and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been created over a very long period, by collection, evaluation and selection of local genetic resources, and investigation of varieties and breeding lines from other countries in the world. It is not only a historical collection, but also serves as the foundation for research and plant breeding. National wheat germplasm is the framework for creating competitive winter and spring wheat varieties of grain with high yield, resistant to lodging and diseases, and quality acceptable for producers in the Baltic agroclimatical region. In Latvia, from 1920 to 1990, the selected wheat varieties were not stable pure lines, but mostly population varieties. After accession to UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants), the requirements for new varieties have changed, and only distinct, uniform and stable varieties, characterised by high economical value are registered in Plant Catalogues. To implement wheat breeding programmes it is necessary to improve breeding methods by plant tissue culture and production of doubled haploids (DH). During 90 years, 16 winter and 11 spring wheat varieties of bread wheat (Tr. aestivum L.) have been created at Priekuļi and Stende and introduced in the market. The achievements of several generations of Latvian wheat breeders are reviewed in this paper.

Correlation analysis of HMW sub-units and baking quality-related traits in Indian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gajalakshmi Kandasamy
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Similarity Criteria ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Grouping Pattern ◽  
Hmw Glutenin

High molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits and baking quality-related traits were studied in 50 Indian wheat landraces. Scoring of germplasm based on electrophoresis patterns using the Payne method showed that the quality scores varied from 4 to 8. Based on this scoring, 13 cultivars were ranked as superior. Cluster analysis based on electrophoresis patterns and Jaccard similarity criteria divided the cultivars into five groups, with 13 cultivars in the first cluster. There was no similarity between the grouping pattern based on HMW glutenin sub-units and quality-related traits. In the present study, the quality of the flour of six wheat varieties was weak, so these varieties were only suitable for biscuit making. The flour of 31 wheat varieties showed medium strength. The remaining 13 wheat varieties had strong flour. Considering the great variation observed for quality-related traits and HMW glutenin sub-units, it can be concluded that these cultivars are potential sources of desirable quality traits for use in bread wheat breeding programmes to improve bread-making quality.

scholarly journals Genealogical Analysis of the North-American Spring Wheat Varieties with Different Resistance to Pre-harvest Sprouting

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 370-377
Author(s):  
Sergey Martynov ◽  
Tatyana Dobrotvorskaya
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
North American ◽  
Cluster Structure ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Different Sources

AbstractA comparative analysis of genetic diversity of North American spring wheat varieties differing in resistance to pre-harvest sprouting was carried out. For identification of sources of resistance the genealogical profiles of 148 red-grained and 63 white-grained North-American spring wheat varieties with full pedigrees were calculated and estimates were made of pre-harvest sprouting. The cluster structure of the populations of red-grained and white-grained varieties was estimated. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the average contributions of landraces in the groups of resistant and susceptible varieties. Distribution of the putative sources of resistance in the clusters indicated that varieties having different genetic basis may have different sources of resistance. For red-grained varieties the genetic sources of resistance to pre-harvest sprouting are landraces Crimean, Hard Red Calcutta, and Iumillo, or Button, Kenya 9M-1A-3, and Kenya-U, or Red Egyptian and Kenya BF4-3B-10V1. Tracking of pedigrees showed these landraces contributed to the pedigrees, respectively, via Thatcher, Kenya-Farmer, and Kenya-58, which were likely donors of resistance for red-grained varieties. For white-grained varieties the sources of resistance were landraces Crimean, Hard Red Calcutta, Ostka Galicyjska, Iumillo, Akakomugi, Turco, Hybrid English, Rough Chaff White and Red King, and putative donors of resistance — Thatcher, RL2265, and Frontana. The genealogical profile of accession RL4137, the most important donor of resistance to pre-harvest sprouting in North American spring wheat breeding programmes, contains almost all identified sources of resistance.

Characterization of elite bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm for spot blotch Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Deep Shikha ◽  
Chandani Latwal ◽  
Elangbam Premabati Devi ◽  
Anupama Singh ◽  
Pawan K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Elite Breeding Lines ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

Abstract Genetic resources are of paramount importance for developing improved crop varieties, particularly for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Spot blotch (SB) is a destructive foliar disease of wheat prevalent in warm and humid regions of the world, especially in the eastern parts of South Asia. For the management of this disease, the most effective measure is the development of resistant cultivars. Thus, the present investigation was carried out to confirm SB resistance in 200 germplasm accessions based on phenotypic observations and molecular characterization. These elite breeding lines obtained from the International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement, Mexico, are developed deploying multiple parentages. These lines were screened for SB resistance in the field under artificially created epiphytotic conditions during 2014–15 and 2015–16 along with two susceptible checks (CIANO T79 and Sonalika) and two resistant checks (Chirya 3 and Francolin). Eighty-two out of 200 germplasm accessions were found resistant to SB and resistance in these lines was confirmed with a specific SSR marker Xgwm148. Three accessions, VORONA/CNO79, KAUZ*3//DOVE/BUC and JUP/BJY//URES/3/HD2206/HORK//BUC/BUL were observed possessing better resistance than the well-known SB-resistant genotype Chirya3. These newly identified resistant lines could be used by wheat breeders for developing SB-resistant wheat varieties.

scholarly journals Composition of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their effects on the rheological properties of dough

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 641-652
Author(s):  
Sławomir Franaszek ◽  
Bolesław Salmanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Capillary Zone

Abstract The main purpose of this research was the identification and characterization of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) composition in common wheat and the determination of the effect of these proteins on the rheological properties of dough. The use of capillary zone electrophoresis and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography has made it possible to identify four alleles in the Glu-A3 and Glu-D3 loci and seven alleles in the Glu-B3 locus, encoding LMW-GSs in 70 varieties and breeding lines of wheat tested. To determine the technological quality of dough, analyses were performed at the microscale using a TA.XT Plus Texture Analyzer. Wheat varieties containing the Glu-3 loci scheme (Glu-A3b, Glu-A3f at the Glu-A3 locus; Glu-B3a, Glu-B3b, Glu-B3d, Glu-B3h at the Glu-B3 locus; Glu-D3a, Glu-D3c at the Glu-D3 locus) determined the most beneficial quality parameters.

Biggar red spring wheat

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
K. R. Preston ◽  
T. F. Townley-Smith ◽  
E. A. Hurd ◽  
G. E. McCrystal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Flour Milling ◽  
Wide Adaptation ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
End Use ◽  
Milling Properties

Biggar red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) combines high grain yield potential with semidwarf stature and wide adaptation. Biggar has improved end-use suitability relative to HY320 such as harder kernels, better flour milling properties, greater water absorption, and stronger gluten properties. It received registration No. 3089 and is eligible for grades of Canada Prairie Spring (red). Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat (spring), high yield, cultivar description

scholarly journals Spring wheat yield (Triticum aestivum L.) when applying selenium fertilizers in extreme growing conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
I I Seregina ◽  
I G Makarskaya ◽  
A S Tsygutkin ◽  
I V Kirichkova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract To study the effect of sodium Selenite application different methods on the yield of spring wheat varieties, depending on the conditions of water supply, a series of vegetation experiments in accordance with the methodology were carried out. The object of the study is spring wheat of the Zlata variety (Triticum aestivum L.). It was found that the effect of selenium on the yield of wheat of the Zlata variety depended on the method of its application and the conditions of water supply. With optimal water supply, the positive effect of selenium on the yield of spring wheat plants was revealed with both methods of applying sodium selenite. It was found that in conditions of drought, the positive effect of selenium was obtained with both methods of using sodium selenite. The greatest efficiency of selenium is obtained in foliar processing of plants. The increase in grain weight in this variant was 1.4 times. The increase in the share of the agronomic significant part of the wheat crop yield to 36% is shown, which indicates the decrease in the negative effect of drought on the formation of spring wheat yield when using foliar processing of plants.

Genetics of late maturity α-amylase in a doubled haploid wheat population

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Tan ◽  
A. P. Verbyla ◽  
B. R. Cullis ◽  
P. Martin ◽  
A. W. Milgate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
First Time

Late maturity α-amylase (LMA) in wheat is a defect where high-isoelectric point (pI) α-amylase accumulates in the ripening grain. Wheat genotypes vary in expression from zero to high levels of α-amylase, the latter with detrimental consequences on their use for value-added end products. Expression in each genotype is characterised by varying numbers of grains affected and different levels in each grain. Analysis of a doubled haploid (DH) population (188 lines) from WW1842 × Whistler has identified significant QTL on chromosomes 2DL, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4B, 4D, 5DS and 5BL. The 4B LMA allele (P < 0.0001) from Whistler is closely linked to the QTL for the ‘tall’ allele (P < 0.0001) of the Rht-B1 gene. The 4D LMA QTL (P < 0.0001) in WW1842 co-locates with the QTL for the ‘tall’ allele (P < 0.0001) of the Rht-D1 gene. This study has shown for the first time that a DH cross between two semi-dwarf cultivars with low or no LMA produces ~25% of progeny lines of the ‘tall’ genotypes with a high frequency of LMA. This is attributed to the large additive positive effects from the combination of one recessive ‘tall’ Rht-B1 gene and one recessive ‘tall’ Rht-D1 gene. High-yielding semi-dwarf genotypes with different combinations of Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 alleles which have very low or non-existent LMA expression (e.g. WW1842 and Whistler) may meet industry criteria for registration as commercial wheat varieties. However, when they are used as breeding lines, the cross produces some progeny genotypes with severe levels of LMA. These LMA genotypes comprise the gibberellic acid-sensitive ‘tall’ progenies and a very small proportion of semi-dwarfs. Thus, it is of paramount importance to screen the defect in wheat breeding programs. The suite of QTL identified for LMA will enable the use of marker assisted selection in the pyramiding of the beneficial QTL to maximise yield and minimise (or eliminate) LMA in semi-dwarf genotypes.

scholarly journals Jake hard red spring wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
D. Spaner ◽  
M. Iqbal ◽  
A. Navabi ◽  
K. Strenzke ◽  
B. Beres
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Bulk Breeding ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Jake hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed using a modified bulk breeding method at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB. Jake is an awned, hollow-stemmed line with high yield potential, medium tall plants, and medium maturity. During the three years (2015–2017) of evaluation in the Parkland Wheat Cooperative test, Jake yielded 6% higher than the mean of all of the checks, and matured 0.7 and 1.7 d later than Parata and Splendor but 2.9 d earlier than Glenn. Jake was 91.2 cm tall, shorter than AC Splendor (95.8 cm), but similar in height to Glenn (91.8 cm) and Parata (92 cm). The lodging score of Jake (2.2) was lower than Parata (3.1) and AC Splendor (3.1), but similar to Glenn. The test weight of Jake (80.8) was higher than AC Splendor (78.3), similar to Parata (80.5), but lower than Glenn (82.5). The grain weight of Jake (35.6 g) was similar to Parata (35.6 g), but lower than Glenn (36.7 g) and AC Splendor (37.4 g), while the NIR Protein of Jake (15.9%) was higher than Glenn (15.5%) and similar to the other checks. Jake was moderately resistant to resistant to leaf, stem, and stripe rusts, and moderately resistant to common bunt during the 3 yr of testing. The reaction of Jake to Fusarium head blight was variable and ranged from moderately susceptible to moderately resistant, with DON values similar to Carberry and Glenn. Three years of end-use quality evaluation has indicated that Jake is acceptable for the CWRS class.

BELVEDERE SPRING WHEAT

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-254
Author(s):  
H. G. NASS ◽  
D. JONES ◽  
J. S. BUBAR ◽  
R. B. WALTON ◽  
J. E. LANGILLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Breeder Seed ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Belvedere is a utility grade, hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cm. Thell.) with high yield, moderate resistance to powdery mildew, and medium maturity in Atlantic Canada. Breeder seed will be maintained by the Agriculture Canada Research Station in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island.Key words: Wheat (spring), cultivar description

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