scholarly journals Genetic differentiation of common reed (Phragmites australis) populations from selected lakes of Pomerania (NW Poland), revealed by electrophoretically detected peroxidase variability

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Krzakowa ◽  
Marcin Michalak
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Edaphic Conditions ◽  
The Town ◽  
North Western ◽  
Nw Poland

Genetic differentiation of common reed (Phragmites australis) populations from selected lakes of Pomerania (NW Poland), revealed by electrophoretically detected peroxidase variabilityThree populations of common reed (Phragmites australis(Cav) Trin. ex Steud.), growing under differing edaphic conditions in lakes near the town of Koszalin (the Pomerania region in north-western Poland), were studied in respect to frequencies of electrophoretically detected allozymes in two peroxidase loci: a monomeric locus with three alleles and a dimeric locus with two alleles. On the basis of genetic distances, similarity between these populations and levels of variation were assessed both within populations (GST = 0.0376) and between populations (DST = 0.0194). Gene flow between populations was low (Nm= 6.399).

scholarly journals Microsatellite Characterization of Malaysian Mahseer (Tor spp.) for Improvement of Broodstock Management and Utilization

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2633
Author(s):  
Poh Chiang Chew ◽  
Annie Christianus ◽  
Jaapar M. Zudaidy ◽  
Md Yasin Ina-Salwany ◽  
Chou Min Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Geographical Regions

In this study, a mixture of Tor tambra and T. tambroides with unknown genetic background were collected from 11 localities in Malaysia for broodstock development and sperm cryo-banking. This study aims to assess the microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) variation, genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, level of gene flow, population structure, genetic relatedness and their demographic aspects among these Tor populations, in addition to establishing their SSR profile by employing 22 SSR markers via fragment analysis. Total genomic DNA was extracted from 181 samples (91 cryopreserved milt samples and 90 scale samples of live broodfish). Results showed the Tor spp. collection retained their genetic variation but exhibited excessive homozygosity among individuals within population. Moderate genetic differentiation was shown among the populations, with highly significant (p < 0.001) fixation indices (FST, FIS and FIT). A low gene flow over all loci (Nm 1.548) indicates little genetic variation transfer between populations. The genetic structures of all the populations were successfully resolved into four main clusters by an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram generated based on Nei’s genetic distances. The population structures based on principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and the Bayesian model also suggested four distinct clusters following geographical regions and eight closely related populations. This study provided a useful baseline reference for better genetic management and utilization of the Tor spp. stocks in their breeding and conservation programmes.

Morphological and biochemical variation among common reed (Phragmites australis) populations in northwest Poland

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Drapikowska ◽  
Maria Krzakowa
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Electrophoretic Data ◽  
Biochemical Variation ◽  
Panicle Traits

Morphological and biochemical variation among common reed (Plant material from 42 common reed populations originating from various lakes and ponds in northwest Poland were investigated with respect to eight panicle traits and three peroxidase loci that were detected with electrophoresis. Genetic differences between populations were estimated based on allozyme frequencies. Electrophoretic data indicated that some populations contain an excess of heterozygotes, pointing to extensive gene flow, which is typical of panmictic, open-pollinated populations.

scholarly journals Genetic differentiation and diversity of Callosobruchus chinensis collections from China

2015 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.X. Duan ◽  
W.C. Li ◽  
Z.D. Zhu ◽  
D.D. Li ◽  
S.L. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Geographic Populations

AbstractCallosobruchus chinensis (Linnaeus) is one of the most destructive pests of leguminous seeds. Genetic differentiation and diversity analysis of 345 C. chinensis individuals from 23 geographic populations using 20 polymorphic simple sequence repeats revealed a total of 149 alleles with an average of 7.45 alleles per locus. The average Shannon's information index was 1.015. The gene flow and genetic differentiation rate values at the 20 loci ranged from 0.201 to 1.841 and 11.0–47.2%, with averages of 0.849 and 24.4%, respectively. In the 23 geographic populations, the effective number of alleles and observed heterozygosity ranged from 1.441 to 2.218 and 0.191–0.410, respectively. Shannon's information index ranged from 0.357 to 0.949, with the highest value in Hohhot and the lowest in Rudong. In all comparisons, the fixation index (FST) values ranged from 0.049 to 0.441 with a total FST value of 0.254 among the 23 C. chinensis populations, indicating a moderate level of genetic differentiation and gene flow among these populations. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that the genetic variation within populations accounted for 76.7% of the total genetic variation. The genetic similarity values between populations varied from 0.617 to 0.969, whereas genetic distances varied from 0.032 to 0.483. Using unweighted pair-group method using arithmetical averages cluster analysis, the 23 geographic collections were classified into four distinct genetic groups but most of them were clustered into a single group. The pattern of the three concentrated groups from polymerase chain reactions analysis showed a somewhat different result with cluster.

scholarly journals Genetic differentiation and estimated levels of gene flow in members of the Gammarus pulex-group (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in western Europe

1990 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Scheepmaker
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Gene Frequency ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Population Sizes

Genetic differentiation of morphologically variable members of the G. pulex-group in northwestern Europe was investigated by electrophoresisat 20 enzyme loci. Five recently described related forms were examined with reference to the “classical” species G. pulex, G. wautieri and G. fossarum. G. pulex and G. wautieri were shown to be genetically homogeneous and clearly distinct species. In the other species, morphologicallysimilar forms were shown to be genetically distant, and inter-areal intraspecific genetic differentiation may warrant recognition of subspecies or sibling species. In some cases, levels of reproductive isolation of the forms involved could be assessed by cross-breeding experiments. To estimate dispersal capabilities, gene flow levels were indirectly estimated from gene frequency data. Gene flow levels are generally low and fluctuating population sizes may enhance the occurrence of stochastic processes. Dendrograms derived from genetic distances were compared with zoogeographical and paleoclimatological evidence. The distribution areas of the species involved correspond to patterns predicted by these data.

scholarly journals Genetic variability and evolutionary dynamics of atypical Papaya ringspot virus infecting Papaya

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258298
Author(s):  
Anam Saleem ◽  
Zahid Ali ◽  
Shyi-Dong Yeh ◽  
Wajeeha Saeed ◽  
Amna Binat Imdad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Genomic Sequences ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
Geographical Position

Papaya ringspot virus biotype-P is a detrimental pathogen of economically important papaya and cucurbits worldwide. The mutation prone feature of this virus perhaps accounts for its geographical dissemination. In this study, investigations of the atypical PRSV-P strain was conducted based on phylogenetic, recombination and genetic differentiation analyses considering of it’s likely spread across India and Bangladesh. Full length genomic sequences of 38 PRSV isolates and 35 CP gene sequences were subjected to recombination analysis. A total of 61 recombination events were detected in aligned complete PRSV genome sequences. 3 events were detected in complete genome of PRSV strain PK whereas one was in its CP gene sequence. The PRSV-PK appeared to be recombinant of a major parent from Bangladesh. However, the genetic differentiation based on full length genomic sequences revealed less frequent gene flow between virus PRSV-PK and the population from America, India, Colombia, other Asian Countries and Australia. Whereas, frequent gene flow exists between Pakistan and Bangladesh virus populations. These results provided evidence correlating geographical position and genetic distances. We speculate that the genetic variations and evolutionary dynamics of this virus may challenge the resistance developed in papaya against PRSV and give rise to virus lineage because of its atypical emergence where geographic spread is already occurring.

Shallow genetic divergence and distinct phenotypic differences between two Andean hummingbirds: Speciation with gene flow?

The Auk ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Palacios ◽  
Silvana García-R ◽  
Juan Luis Parra ◽  
Andrés M Cuervo ◽  
F Gary Stiles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Incomplete Lineage Sorting ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
The Face ◽  
Gloger’S Rule ◽  
Divergence With Gene Flow ◽  
Neutral Markers

Abstract Ecological speciation can proceed despite genetic interchange when selection counteracts the homogenizing effects of migration. We tested predictions of this divergence-with-gene-flow model in Coeligena helianthea and C. bonapartei, 2 parapatric Andean hummingbirds with marked plumage divergence. We sequenced putatively neutral markers (mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA] and nuclear ultraconserved elements [UCEs]) to examine genetic structure and gene flow, and a candidate gene (MC1R) to assess its role underlying divergence in coloration. We also tested the prediction of Gloger’s rule that darker forms occur in more humid environments, and examined morphological variation to assess adaptive mechanisms potentially promoting divergence. Genetic differentiation between species was low in both ND2 and UCEs. Coalescent estimates of migration were consistent with divergence with gene flow, but we cannot reject incomplete lineage sorting reflecting recent speciation as an explanation for patterns of genetic variation. MC1R variation was unrelated to phenotypic differences. Species did not differ in macroclimatic niches but were distinct in morphology. Although we reject adaptation to variation in macroclimatic conditions as a cause of divergence, speciation may have occurred in the face of gene flow driven by other ecological pressures or by sexual selection. Marked phenotypic divergence with no neutral genetic differentiation is remarkable for Neotropical birds, and makes C. helianthea and C. bonapartei an appropriate system in which to search for the genetic basis of species differences employing genomics.

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