Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Hospitalized Infants

Folia Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan S. Ivanov ◽  
Nikolay I. Popov ◽  
Rumyana I. Moshe ◽  
Dora D. Terzieva ◽  
Rumen S. Stefanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
One Year ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Data on cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) prevalence and course in hospitalized infants are rather scarce, obsolete and considerably inconsistent. AIM: to determine the prevalence, rate of clinical manifestations, risk factors and predictive capacity of clinical manifestations of CMV infection in hospitalized infants during their first year of life. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All 163 infants hospitalized in the Pediatric Ward for Nonrespiratory Pathology in a tertiary hospital were serologically screened for cytomegalovirus infection for 10 months. In infants up to 6 months old that were CMV IgG (+) and CMV IgM (-) we followed up the CMV IgG concentration or compared it with that of their mothers. RESULTS: The CMV prevalence for the entire study sample was 33.1 ± 3.7% (54 seropositive out of 163 examined infants); in newborns it was 19.4 ± 6.7% (7 of 36), in infants aged 1-3 months - 23.8 ± 5.4% (15 of 63), in 4-6-month olds - 28.1 ± 8.1% (9 of 32), and in 7-12-month old - 71.9 ± 8.1% (23 of 32). The rates of clinically apparent infections in the respective groups was 33.3 ± 6.5%, 57.01 ± 20.2%, 53.3 ± 13.3%, 33.3 ± 16.6%, and 13.0 ± 7.17%. The overall rate of clinically apparent CMV infection in all 163 children was between 11.0 ± 2.5% and 17.2 ± 2.9%. The probability of CMV infection increased with age and duration of breastfeeding. Hepatitis, cerebral vasculopathy and pneumonia (alone or combined) turned out to be predictors of CMV infection, but none of these symptoms had a frequency greater than 22%. CONCLUSIONS: We found a high rate of cytomegalovirus infections in hospitalized infants less than one year of age. This infection is the reason why at least 10% of the newborns and 12% of the children aged 1 to 3 months were hospitalised. The course was clinically apparent in over half of the infected children of up to 3 months of age.

scholarly journals Cytomegalovirus IgG Level and Avidity in Breastfeeding Infants of HIV-Infected Mothers in Malawi

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1222-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athena P. Kourtis ◽  
Jeffrey Wiener ◽  
Tiffany S. Chang ◽  
Sheila C. Dollard ◽  
Minal M. Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Random Subset ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Igg Level

ABSTRACTCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is common among infants of HIV-infected mothers in resource-limited settings. We examined the prevalence and timing of infant CMV infection during the first year of life using IgG antibody and avidity among HIV-exposed infants in Malawi and correlated the results with the presence of detectable CMV DNA in the blood. The Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals and Nutrition (BAN) study randomized 2,369 mothers and their infants to maternal antiretrovirals, infant nevirapine, or neither for 28 weeks of breastfeeding, followed by weaning. Stored plasma specimens were tested for CMV IgG and antibody avidity from a random subset of infants who had been previously tested with blood CMV PCR and had available specimens at birth and at 24 and 48 weeks of age. Ninety-four of 127 infants (74.0%) tested at 24 weeks of age had CMV IgG of low or intermediate avidity, signifying primary CMV infections. An additional 22 infants (17.3%) had IgG of high avidity; 19 of them had CMV DNA detected in their blood, indicating infant infections. Taken together, these results show that the estimated prevalence of CMV infection at 24 weeks was 88.9%. By 48 weeks of age, 81.3% of infants had anti-CMV IgG; most of them (70.9%) had IgG of high avidity. The CMV serology and avidity testing, combined with the PCR results, confirmed a high rate of primary CMV infection by 6 months of life among breastfeeding infants of HIV-infected mothers. The CMV PCR in blood detected most, but not all, infant CMV infections.

scholarly journals BRONKHOPNEUMONIA AS COMORBIDITIES OF CMV INFECTION : STUDY CASE ON 1 YEAR 9 MONTHS OLD BOY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Wulan Widiasmaran ◽  
Ayu Anggraini Kusumaningrum ◽  
Fitri Amalia ◽  
Dimas Tri Anantyo
Keyword(s):  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Infection Study

Background. Pneumonia is an acute lung parenchyma inflammation, which includes the alveoli and tissues. According to RISKESDAS 2018, pneumonia prevalence of children under five years old in Indonesia has increased from 1.6% in 2013 to 2% in 2018. Cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) is the most common congenital infection and causes high morbidity in newborns. The purpose of this case is to report a case in Semarang and conduct a discussion of pneumonia cases and a history of CMV infection so that proper treatment can immediately start.Method. Anamnesis carried out on February 1, 2020, at Government Hospital in Semarang. Data obtained from allonamnesis with the patient's mother, physical examination, supporting examinations, and medical records of patients. Case. Patient of a boy aged one year nine months that come to the ER with a chief complaint of fever and cough.Discussion. A boy aged one year nine months with fever and cough complaints about five days before entering the hospital. Sputum culture examination revealed the presence of Klebsiella pneumonia, then treated with cefoperazone sulbactam. The patient had a history of cytomegalovirus infection but not optimally treated because of the high avidity value.Conclusion. Patient has diagnosed with bronchopneumonia et causa Klebsiella pneumonia.

scholarly journals Modern diagnostic and treatment approaches of congenital cytomegalovirus infection: a clinical case

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
O.H. Shadrin ◽  
◽  
A.P. Volokha ◽  
N.H. Chumachenko ◽  
V.M. Fysun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Congenital Cmv Infection

Cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) is one of the most common causes of fetal infection. Recently fetal infections cause from 11% to 45% of perinatal losses, according to various authors, and are considered to be one of the most likely causes of congenital malformations, which lead to infants disability and reduce quality of life. CMV-infection clinical picture is very diverse, disguised as other diseases. There may be clinical manifestations of both generalized infection and single organ damage, because the virus has tropism to various organs and tissues. Timely diagnosis and treatment are the key to successful therapy of even severe manifestations of congenital CMV-infection in infants. Antiviral drugs usage can be sufficiently justified in patients with severe infection and can prevent complications. A clinical case of a manifest form of cytomegalovirus infection with severe hepatitis in an infant is presented and the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the ganciclovir and valganciclovir antiviral drugs are shown. The study is performed in accordance with principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution mentioned in the article. Informed consent of parents was obtained for the research. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Key words: infants, congenital cytomegalovirus infection, ganciclovir, valganciclovir, clinical case.

Molecular and Phylogenetic Characteristics of Cytomegaloviruses Isolated from Children in Nizhny Novgorod

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
ОЕ Vankova ◽  
NF Brusnigina
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Study Results

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a serious problem of modern health care. It belongs to the category of socially significant infections and is characterized by polymorphism of clinical manifestations and high child mortality. Abroad, much attention is paid to virus genotyping, determining the role of various genotypes in the development of certain clinical forms of CMV infection, and developing a vaccine against congenital human cytomegalovirus infection. The objective of our study was to assess the genetic diversity of cytomegaloviruses in children of Nizhny Novgorod. Materials and methods: We analyzed clinical CMV isolates from body fluid samples (blood, urine, and saliva), viral DNA and its fragments in 580 children aged from 15 days to 16 years. Molecular biology (PCR, RT-PCR, and sequencing), bioinformatics and statistical methods were applied in the study. Results: We established that CMV detection rates in children varied from 3.8 % to 18.9 % depending on the form of the disease. We assessed various method approaches to genotyping human cytomegalovirus clinical isolates, were first to determine prevalent gB1, gB2, and gN4a CMV genotypes in children in the Russian Federation, and revealed infected cases caused by two and three genotypes simultaneously. The phylogenetic analysis of UL55 and UL73 gene sequences indicates genetic diversity of Russian CMV isolates from children in the Nizhny Novgorod Region. Conclusions: New data on the prevalence of various CMV genotypes in children living in Nizhny Novgorod may be used in the system of epidemiological surveillance of cytomegalovirus infection while the results of genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of clinical CMV isolates may contribute to domestic vaccine development.

scholarly journals Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Evaluation and Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
Md Benzamin ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Md Rukunuzzaman ◽  
ASM Bazlul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Disseminated Disease

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common congenital infection worldwide and most individuals are eventually exposed to this agent. In developing countries the seroprevalence in women of reproductive age approximates 100%. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has great importance to obstetriciangynecologists and pediatricians. Despite the heavy disease burden, CMV infection is severely under-diagnosed because the majority (approximately 80%) of affected mothers are asymptomatic. The clinical manifestations of congenital CMV infection vary widely, from asymptomatic infection to potentially life-threatening disseminated disease. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal CMV infection can be made by testing amniotic fluid for cytomegalovirus by amniocentesis. Diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in neonates should include real-time PCR of saliva, urine, or both, as soon as possible after birth. Antiviral therapy is not routinely recommended for congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Neonates with life-threatening infection and moderately to severely symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus disease, CNS involvement is considered for immediate treatment that should be initiated within first month of life. J Enam Med Col 2019; 9(2): 116-126

Diabetes admissions in a tertiary hospital: A one year review

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubukola Ojo ◽  
Olalekan Ojo ◽  
Adebola Omosehin ◽  
Kayode Oluwatusa ◽  
Sulaeman Okoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
One Year

Tennis- und Golfer-Ellenbogen

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Lateral Epicondylitis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Local Injections ◽  
One Year ◽  
Golfer’S Elbow ◽  
Non Surgical Treatment

“Tennis and golfer’s elbow” are common pathologies due to overload of forearm extensors and flexors, and actually occur mostly outside tennis and golf sports. Several differential diagnoses of medial and lateral epicondylitis have to be excluded as there are a number of other conditions with similar clinical symptoms. The high rate of spontaneous recovery has to be considered in treatment. Evidence based conservative treatment comprises excentric physiotherapy, local injections, and physical methods. Surgery is reserved for patients with persistence of symptoms for more than one year despite non-surgical treatment.

Obtaining Secondary Treatment with RBC/Underflow Clarifiers

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 429-442
Author(s):  
I L Bogert
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Lower Zone ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors ◽  
One Year ◽  
The U.S

A one-year experimental program conducted at Edgewater, New Jersey, U.S.A. evaluated the concept of providing secondary treatment by the installation of rotating biological contactors (RBC's) in modified primary sedimentation tanks. A primary tank was divided horizontally into two zones separated by an intermediate floor. Four RBC's were placed in the upper zone. The lower zone provided secondary sedimentation. High rate primary sedimentation was provided to remove grit and trash without removing substantial portions of BOD and SS. The experimental program funded by the U.S. EPA and the Borough of Edgewater was conducted over a full year at different loads. The system proved to be an effective secondary treatment process with little difference in treatment efficiency between summer and winter conditions.

scholarly journals Post-transplant absolute lymphocyte count predicts early cytomegalovirus infection after heart transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjae Yoon ◽  
Jaewon Oh ◽  
Kyeong-Hyeon Chun ◽  
Chan Joo Lee ◽  
Seok-Min Kang
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Heart Transplantation ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Absolute Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractImmunosuppressive therapy can decrease rejection episodes and increase the risk of severe and fatal infections in heart transplantation (HT) recipients. Immunosuppressive therapy can also decrease the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), but the relationship between early post-transplant ALC and early cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is largely unknown, especially in HT. We retrospectively analyzed 58 HT recipients who tested positive for CMV IgG antibody and received basiliximab induction therapy. We collected preoperative and 2-month postoperative data on ALC and CMV load. The CMV load > 1200 IU/mL was used as the cutoff value to define early CMV infection. Post-transplant lymphopenia was defined as an ALC of < 500 cells/μL at postoperative day (POD) #7. On POD #7, 29 (50.0%) patients had post-transplant lymphopenia and 29 (50.0%) patients did not. The incidence of CMV infection within 1 or 2 months of HT was higher in the post-transplant lymphopenia group than in the non-lymphopenia group (82.8% vs. 48.3%, P = 0.013; 89.7% vs. 65.5%, P = 0.028, respectively). ALC < 500 cells/μL on POD #7 was an independent risk factor for early CMV infection within 1 month of HT (odds ratio, 4.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–14.77; P = 0.029). A low ALC after HT was associated with a high risk of early CMV infection. Post-transplant ALC monitoring is simple and inexpensive and can help identify patients at high risk of early CMV infection.

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