scholarly journals ISOLATION AND ACTIVITY ANTIOXIDANT TEST OF COCOA POD HUSK ETHYL ASETAT EXTRACTS (Theobroma cacao L)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Binawati Ginting ◽  
Ilham Maulana ◽  
Nurdin Saidi ◽  
Syarifah Yanti Astryna
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Vitamine C ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Isolation and testing of antioxidant activity with1,1-difenil-2-pikril hidrazil (DPPH) from ethyl acetate extract ofcocoa pod husk(Theobroma cacao L) has been carried out.Theobroma cacaoextract (TCE) showed highly strong antioxidant activity with IC50 = 8,75 ppm and vitamine C = 6,07 ppm as positive control. Isolation of the active components of TCE by column chromatography using silica gel absorbent 60 mesh ASTM (Merck 774) and the eluent n-hexane: ethyl acetate (9:1), obtained 7 fraction combined (TCE 1 to TCE 7). There are 6 combined fractions having the potential as antioxidants, namely TCE 2 to TCE 7 with a range of IC50 (6,46 ppm – 91,8 ppm). TCE 2 fraction has a very strong antioxidant activity with IC50 = 6,46 ppm. Separation of TCE 2 fraction on silica column chromatography obtained 4 combined fractions (TCE 2.1 to TCE 2.4). The test results of antioxidant activity showed that TCE 2.4 had very strong activity with IC50 = 42,7 ppm.For the TCE 2.2 fraction, preparative TLC was carried out using eluent n-hexane: ethyl acetate (9.5: 0,5) obtained by TCE 2.2.4 isolate with a melting point of 114-120 °C and was a steroid class.

scholarly journals Analysis of phenolic content and antioxidant activity of cocoa pod husk (theobroma cacao l.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1317 ◽  
pp. 012087
Author(s):  
Rachmawaty ◽  
Andi Mu’nisa ◽  
Hasri ◽  
Halifah Pagarra ◽  
Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

scholarly journals In-Vitro Screenings for Biological and Antioxidant Activities of Water Extract from Theobroma cacao L. Pod Husk: Potential Utilization in Foods

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6915
Author(s):  
Mustanir Yahya ◽  
Binawati Ginting ◽  
Nurdin Saidi
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Increasing production of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) leads to a higher environmental burden due to its solid waste generation. Cocoa pod husk, one of the major solid wastes of cocoa production, contains rich bioactive compounds unveiling its valorization potential. With that in mind, our research aimed to explore the biological and antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts from cocoa pod husks. In this present work, cocoa pod husk was extracted using water and subsequentially partitioned using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The antimicrobial investigation revealed that the ethyl acetate solubles were active against the Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, where at a 20% w/v concentration, the inhibition diameters were 6.62 ± 0.10, 6.52 ± 0.02, and 11.72 ± 0.36 mm, respectively. The extracts were found non-toxic proven by brine shrimp lethality tests against Artemia salina with LC50 scores ranging from 74.1 to 19,054.6 μg/mL. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were obtained in the range of 47.44 to 570.44 mg/g GAE and 1.96 to 4.34 mg/g QE, respectively. Antioxidant activities of the obtained extracts were revealed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay with EC50 reached as low as 9.61 μg/mL by the ethyl acetate soluble. Phytochemical screening based on gas chromatography—mass spectroscopy analysis on the sample with the highest antioxidant activities revealed the dominant presence of three phytosterols, namely gamma-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol.

α-glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Extracts and Compounds from the Leaves of Ruellia tuberosa L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Nguyen Tuong Vi ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Tuan ◽  
Quach Tong Hung ◽  
Pham Thi Nhat Trinh ◽  
Tong Thanh Danh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Bio Assay ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Background: In recent years, the study of the structure and biological activity of medicinal plants has a particularly important to search for diabetes medicine. Ruellia tuberosa is used to treat various diseases such as diabetes by inhibiting the activity of α-glucosidase. Objective: In this study, experiment was designed to isolated isolate and identified identify α-glucosidase inhibitory extracts and compounds from Ruellia tuberosa L. through bio-assay guided isolation. Method: Dry powder of Ruellia tuberosa L. was extracted with 70% ethanol, then liquid-liquid partition with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol, respectively. The extracts were evaluated with α-glucosidase inhibition. The potential extracts were isolated and identified compounds. The effects of these compounds on the α-glucosidase inhibitory were evaluated. Results: The a-glucosidase inhibitory activities showed that the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and the butanol extract had the α-glucosidase inhibition with an IC50 of 46.2 0.9, 6.6 2.9 and 8.9  μg/mL, respectively. From the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts, the structures of four compounds were elucidated by NMR spectroscopic method, including lupeol (1), syringaresinol (2), apigenin (3), verbascoside (4). The a-glucosidase inhibitory activities showed that all isolated compounds were more active than the positive control - acarbose with an IC50 of 37.5  0.4; 19.5  0.2; 20.1  0.3; 69.3  0.2 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate extract showed strong activity about 19 times more than positive control - acarbose. The compound syringaresinol (2) was the most powerful α-glucosidase inhibitor. Therefore, Ruellia tuberosa L. contains many compounds that can inhibit α-glucosidase activity.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS FROM ETHYL ACETATE AND METHANOL EXTRACTS OF GARCINIA DAEDALANTHERA PIERRE LEAVES

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Anisa Puspitaningrum ◽  
Berna Elya ◽  
Katrin .
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Dpph Method

Objective: This study aimed to isolate and characterize the compounds responsible for the high antioxidant activities of the ethyl acetate and methanolextracts of Garcinia daedalanthera Pierre leaves.Methods: In this study, the ethyl acetate extract was obtained by column chromatography, and the methanol extract was obtained by vacuum columnchromatography. The mobile phase comprised n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol with increased polarity. Antioxidant activity was examined usingthe 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The fraction with the highest antioxidant activity was purified through column chromatography,recrystallization, and preparative thin-layer chromatography. This fraction, termed the isolate of B, was identified using DPPH and AlCl3, and itsantioxidant activity was quantitatively tested.Results: From this research, 21.7 mg of the isolate of B were obtained with an IC50 of 5.82 μg/mL. Identification using an AlCl3 sprayer producedyellow phosphorescent spots under UV light. UV-Vis spectrum analysis revealed the presence of an aromatic compound and conjugated double bonds.Infrared spectrum analysis revealed the presence of −OH, C–H alkane, C=C aromatic, C=O, and C-O-C groups.Conclusion: Based on this research, 21.7 mg of the isolate of B was derived through fractionation of the methanol extract, and this isolate exhibitedantioxidant activity with an IC50 of 5.82 μg/mL. The isolate of B was considered to be a flavonoid, as it was fluorescent under UV light (366 nm) afterbeing sprayed with AlCl3 reagent.

A comparative study on antioxidant activity and biochemical profile of exotic cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Senthil Amudhan ◽  
Elain Apshara
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Please see the pdf file here: <a href="http://indsocplantationcrops.in/journal.php">http://indsocplantationcrops.in/journal.php</a>#

scholarly journals Study on biological activities of extracted fractions from Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Quy Thuong ◽  
Bach Tuyet Mai ◽  
Nguyen Minh Chau ◽  
Le Thi Phuong Hoa ◽  
Nguyen Quang Huy
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Stomach Pain ◽  
Ic50 Values

Typhonium flagelliforme is a medicinal plant that has variety of uses. In medicinal traditional T. flagelliforme is used to treatment cough, headache, stomach pain chronic, and tracheitis. Moreover, use fresh bulbs treatment furuncle, the bites of poisonous insects. The active components in T. flagelliforme are flavonoids. In this study, the T. flagelliforme extract was obtained by methanol  to determine the chemical composition. Then, The extracts of methanol are extracted with polarization increases gradually solvents such as haxane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. Determination of antioxidant activity, cytotoxic activity of extracted fractions. Results obtained showed that the chemical compositions by the qualitative reaction preliminary were identified from T. flagelliforme containing reducing sugars, amino acids, organic acids, flavonoids, alcaloids, sterols. The antioxidant capacity of the ethyl acetate fraction reached 94.76 μg/ml, 10 times higher than the positive control is Quercetin. Cytotoxic activity of the haxane and diclomethane extracted fractions from T. flagelliforme exhibited cytotoxic activity on all three experimental cancers cell lines: KB, HepG2, Lu after 72h of culture with IC50 values ​​range from 92.8 to 107.76 μg/ml. From dichlomethane extracted of T. flagelliforme was purified TF1 as Stigmast-4-en- 3-on.    

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF 2,6,4’-TRIHYDROXY-4-METHOXY BENZOPHENONE FROM ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF MAHKOTA DEWA (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susilawati Susilawati ◽  
Sabirin Matsjeh ◽  
Harno Dwi Pranowo ◽  
Chairil Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa ◽  
Spherical Crystal

Mahkota dewa plant (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) which is included into family of Thymelaeaceae is one of Indonesia's traditional medicines. Chemical constituent has been isolated from ethyl acetate extract of leaves of mahkota dewa. Sample was extracted with methanol, concentrated then extracted by n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extract was separated and fractionated by column chromatography. The first fraction was purified by TLC preparative and recrystalization. Compound was isolated as red-brown spherical crystal in 8 mg (m.p. 129-131 °C). Its spot gave dark fluoroscence at TLC plate (UV366) with Rf of 0.3 at TLC chromatogram with eluent of n-hexane : ethyl acetate (7:3); 0.6 with n-hexane : ethyl acetate (1:1); 0.9 with -hexane : ethyl acetate (4:6). This compound was dissolved in methanol. Compound was identified by UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and NMR 2 dimension (HMQC, COSY, HMBC and DEPT-135) spectroscopic as 2,6,4'-trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenon. This compound as well as the ethyl acetate extract showed antioxidant activity on DPPH with IC50 was 10.57 and 101.06 μg/mL, respectively. This compound showed strong antioxidant activity on DPPH, almost to the standard antioxidant activity of quercetin (IC50 of 2.93 μg/mL)

scholarly journals Potential of Cocoa Extract (Theobroma cacao) in Inhibiting Erythrocyte Damage Induced by Physalia utriculus Venom

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Adinningtyas Intansari ◽  
Al Munawir ◽  
Laksmi Indreswari
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Erythrocyte Lysis ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Physalia utriculus is one of the invertebrate marine biota that is often found in Indonesia. Some symptoms of venoming due to jellyfish stings cause pain, itching, and hemolysis. In Indonesia, 13 cases of jellyfish stings were reported in 2005-2009 with three people dying in Java, Bali, and Bangka. Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) contain fat, carbohydrates, proteins, and polyphenol compounds that are useful as antioxidants. Polyphenols in the form of epicathechins, catechins, and procyanidins serve to provide protection to hemolysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of ethanol extract of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in inhibiting the damage of erythrocyte induced by Physalia utriculus in vitro. This study used 28 samples of erythrocytes divided into seven groups, namely the normal control group, negative controls, and treatment with cocoa ethanol extract 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.04%, and 0.02%. Each subsequent group induced venom Physalia utriculus. The results showed that the average speed of erythrocyte lysis in the treatment group by giving cocoa ethanol extract 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.04%, and 0.02% respectively (seconds ± standard deviation) was 858,25 ± 94,44; 1.000,5 ± 159,93; 678,5 ± 19,71; and 1.006 ± 159,50. The mean speed of erythrocyte lysis in the negative control group was 1,025 ± 164.63 and the positive control group with the administration of N-Acetylcystein can last up to one hour after administration of venoms. Test for normality and homogeneity shows that data is normally distributed and homogeneous. One Way Annova analysis shows the significance value of p <0.05, then a post hoc analysis test was performed with the Bonferoni method to find out the differences in significance in each group. In this study it can be concluded that the administration of cocoa ethanol extract has no potential to inhibit erythrocyte damage that has been venomed by Physalia utriculus in vitro. Keywords: Physalia utriculus, cacao, erythrocyte damage

The Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Medicinal Plant Veronica Biloba

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
AMIR HASSAN ◽  
Himayat Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Israr
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Health Related

A medicinal plant veronica genus has 450 well known species and found across both temperate and hemisphere region their 26 species are endemic and known in a total of 79 popular species and are widely utilized throughout the world due to important biological activities. In this study fully powdered uniform size specie veronica biloba plant taken in porous bag were manually subjected to soxhlet hot continuous process for cyclization of extraction using ethanol (300 mL) a concentrated dried extract obtained after solvent evaporation. Furthermore, liquid-liquid extracted fractions as water, dichloromethane, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate yields results founds polar fraction with highest percentage (water 47.51 %). The phytochemical screening of veronica biloba has shown all major compounds entirely present in extracts. One of the primitive phenolic compound flavonoid is present in plant and show potency towards antioxidants. All the extracted fractions of plant showed excellent antioxidant activity using a stable DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) method at concentration (range from 31.25 to 500µg/mL). Primary our ethyl acetate extract fraction showed highest inhibition potential at IC50 = 1.70±0.05µg/mL which is much closer to a standard positive control Propyl gallate showed IC50 = 1.6±0.05µg/mL percent potential. The purification and isolation of these extract is important which can provide us help in novel antioxidants discovery also natural antioxidants currently in cosmetics products, food and therapeutics health related products significantly demanded because they are very effective, efficient and harmless as compared to synthetic one.

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