Pertumbuhan, Produksi Biomassa, dan Kandungan Glikosida  Steviol pada Lima Klon Stevia Introduksi di Bogor, Indonesia

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a sweetener plant, has been cultivated in Indonesia since the early 1980s, but the yield is lower than in other countries. Five selected introduced stevia clones were planted at Megamendung, Bogor, Indonesia (6°39’ S, 106°56’ E, 800 m above sea level) on December 2014 until November 2015 to evaluate their growth and biomass yield. The growth and yield were observed from 6 to 12 months after planting. In addition, stevioside, rebaudioside A (reb A), and total steviol glycoside (TSG) contents of leaves were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At six months after planting, stem diameter was 8-11 mm, plant canopy diameter was 23-30 cm, plant height was 24-35 cm, and plant mortality was less than 5% except for clone BU at 30.7% due to Sclerotium attack. The plants flowered at different times, therefore had different harvest durations, from 4 weeks (clone BM) to 8 weeks (clone BP). The highest leaf yield was clone BM (6.04 ton ha-1 per year), followed by BX (4.91 ton ha-1 per year), and BP (4.38 ton ha-1 per year). From the five clones tested, clone BM was the best for leaf, TSG, and stevioside yields; whereas clone BS and BP were the best for reb A yield. Keywords: rebaudioside A, Stevia rebaudiana, stevioside, total steviol glycoside

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Effects of nitrogen fertilization on growth and yield of diterpene glycosides in stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas ◽

10.17584/rcch.2021v15i1.10591 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Romulo Joao Debarba ◽

Cícero Deschamps ◽

Luiz Alberto Kanis ◽

Diego Moterle ◽

Marcio Rampelotti

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Stem Length ◽

Rebaudioside A ◽

Area Index ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽

Weight Yield

The effects of different nitrogen doses on dry weight yield, stevioside and rebaudioside A contents, and yields were evaluated in stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). This study was carried out at the Instituto Federal Catarinense, Rio do Sul (SC), Brazil, under decreasing photoperiods. A randomized complete block design with four blocks and five treatments (0, 65, 135, 200 and 270 kg ha-1 N) was used. Variables related to dry weight yield (total dry weight, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, number of secondary branches and tertiary branches, and main stem length), growth rates (total leaf area, leaf area index, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, leaf weight ratio), and stevioside and rebaudioside A contents and yields were evaluated. The doses of nitrogen fertilization did not affect the variables related to dry weight yield, stevioside and rebaudioside A contents and yields, or rebaudioside A:stevioside ratio in stevia genotype 8 (G8), grown under decreasing photoperiods.

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Growth parameters and leaf biomass yield of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana, Bertoni) as influenced by different soil types of Bangladesh

Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University ◽

10.3329/jbau.v13i1.28708 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 31-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MM Zaman ◽

MAH Chowdhury ◽

Tanzin Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Calcareous Soil ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana ◽

Soil Types ◽

Leaf Biomass ◽

Acid Sulphate Soil ◽

Acid Sulphate ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽

Leaf Yield ◽

Plant Grown

Soils of different types affect crop production according to their capability as a nutrient supplier based on plant requirement. Soil provides physical support to plant as well as supplies necessary water and nutrient elements for plant growth and development. Suitable soil for stevia cultivation in Bangladesh is yet to be identified. A high concentrate sweetness producer plant, stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) was grown in earthen pots in some soils of Bangladesh to choose the most suitable soil/s for the growth and leaf yield of stevia. Seven soil types namely acid, calcareous, non-calcareous, charland, saline, peat and acid sulphate were used as treatments. The soils were mostly light grey in colour and clay to clay loam in texture. Bulk density, particle density and field capacity ranged from 1.24-1.45, 2.20-2.58 and 27.03-30.19%, respectively. pH, EC and organic matter content ranged from 3.90-8.00, 0.25-14.00 dS m-1 and 0.88-16.40%, respectively. Total N, exchangeable K, available P and S contents ranged from 0.05-0.96%, 0.17-0.70 cmol kg-1 soil, 3-12 and 11-735 ?g g-1 soil, respectively. Different soil types significantly influenced the growth and leaf yield of stevia. The highest values of plant height, branch and leaf number, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaves were obtained from the plant grown in non-calcareous soil which was identical with the plant those grown on acid soil while the lowest values of all the parameters were found from the plant grown in acid sulphate soil. Leaf biomass yield increase ranged from 16.18% in peat soil and 90.11% in non-calcareous soil over acid sulphate soil. The performance of the soils in terms of stevia leaf production was of the order non-calcareous> acid> calcareous> charland> saline(4.43 dS m-1)> saline(6.08 dS m-1)> saline(8.68 dS m-1)> peat >acid sulphate soils. The overall results suggest that farmers could be advised to grow stevia either in non-calcareous soil or acid soils of Bangladesh.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(1): 31-37, June 2015

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Soil Water Tension Irrigation Criteria Affects Stevia rebaudiana Leaf Yield and Leaf Steviol Glycoside Composition

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci11352-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 154-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Cheryl A. Parris ◽

Clinton C. Shock ◽

Michael Qian

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana ◽

Cultivar Differences ◽

Efficient Production ◽

Steviol Glycosides ◽

Rebaudioside A ◽

Steviol Glycoside ◽

Soil Water Tension ◽

Leaf Yield ◽

Water Tension

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is of interest for the production of steviol glycosides due to their noncaloric sweetening properties. Commercial stevia leaf production to date has focused on rebaudioside A and stevioside. Relatively little is known about the cultural practices necessary for the efficient production of stevia leaf and steviol glycosides. Irrigation management is an important agronomic technique that growers can use to obtain high yield while also pursuing water use efficiency (WUE). This trial investigated the effect that irrigation onset criteria measured as soil water tension (SWT) had on dry stevia leaf yields, steviol glycoside content and yield, and steviol glycoside ratios. Two stevia cultivars, SW 107 and SW 129 (S&W Seed Company Inc., Fresno, CA), were subjected to SWT irrigation criteria of 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kPa over a 57-day trial period at the Oregon State University (OSU) Malheur Experiment Station, Ontario, OR. Harvested plant material was evaluated for dry leaf yield and content of several steviol glycosides. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant cultivar differences in leaf yield, leaf stevioside and rebaudioside A content and yield, and steviol glycoside ratios (P = 0.05). Examining the data by ANOVA, dry leaf yield, stevioside percent, rebaudioside C percent, total steviol glycoside (TSG) percent, rebaudioside C yield, and TSG yield were significantly greater among the wetter (closer to 10 kPa) compared with the drier (closer to 80 kPa) SWT criteria treatments, yet a preferred treatment regime was not clearly evident. When comparing cultivars by regression analysis, there was a highly significant decrease in the stevioside content, and an increase in the ratio of rebaudioside A to stevioside from wetter to drier irrigation onset criteria (due to lower stevioside), whereas the rebaudioside A content did not respond significantly to differing irrigation criteria. Increasing dry leaf productivity with wetter irrigation criteria (closer to 10 kPa), directly increased the total rebaudioside A yield also, which in turn could provide increased crop value to the grower. Irrigating near 10 kPa produced higher dry leaf yield and total rebaudioside A yield, than irrigating at drier criteria.

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Genetic control of rebaudioside A and C concentration in leaves of the sweet herb, Stevia rebaudiana

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p98-048 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 85-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Jim Brandle

Keyword(s):

Genetic Control ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana ◽

Steviol Glycosides ◽

Rebaudioside A ◽

Steviol Glycoside ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽

Multiple Loci ◽

Additive Gene

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni produces steviol glycoside sweeteners in its leaves that are up to 240 times sweeter than sugar. Understanding the genetic basis of glycoside proportions will aid in their manipulation through plant breeding. The experiments conducted in this study were focused on the genetic control of the proportions of two of those glycosides, rebaudioside A and rebaudioside C. The study was conducted using F2 population from crosses between two sets of parents with divergent glycoside profiles. Segregation in the first set of F2s showed that the presence/absence of rebaudioside A is controlled by a single dominant gene, but that the actual proportions of rebaudioside A may be controlled by multiple loci or alleles. In a second cross, proportions of rebaudioside A and rebaudioside C were found to co-segregate and were shown to be controlled by a single additive gene. This result suggests that both rebaudioside A and C are synthesized by the same enzyme. The results were used to propose a model for glycosylation of steviol glycosides. Key words: Diterpene glycoside, genetic analysis, glycosylation, biosynthetic model

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Dry Leaf and Steviol Glycoside Productivity of Stevia rebaudiana in the Western United States

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci11149-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (10) ◽

pp. 1220-1227 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Cheryl A. Parris ◽

Clinton C. Shock ◽

Michael Qian

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana ◽

The United States ◽

Steviol Glycosides ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Rebaudioside A ◽

Steviol Glycoside ◽

Leaf Yield ◽

Harvest Strategy

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a perennial herbaceous plant native to Paraguay, where it was used by the native Guarani peoples for centuries. Although steviol glycosides from stevia are powerful natural noncaloric sweeteners, stevia has been cultivated and commercially available only for the past 50 years. Cultural practices are still in development, and productivity potential in the United States is largely unknown. Currently commercial growers and processors worldwide are seeking to maximize the productivity of rebaudioside A, a steviol glycoside. The trials reported here examined the effects of location, harvest strategy, and cultivar on stevia dry leaf yield, steviol glycoside content, and steviol glycoside yield. Six or seven stevia cultivars were grown for ≈5 months at four western U.S. locations, with an irrigation criterion of 20 kPa. Stevia at every location was subjected to two harvest strategies: either one harvest at the end of the season or two harvests, one midseason and another at the end of the season. The main plots at each location were the stevia cultivars, and the split plots were the harvest strategies in a randomized complete block, split-plot design with four replicates. Dry leaf yield, leaf steviol glycoside content, and leaf steviol glycoside yield varied by cultivar, location, and cultivar by location, but not by harvest strategy or interactions of harvest strategy with location or cultivar. Dry leaf yield averaged 4.12 Mg·ha−1 with significant differences by cultivar and location. One of the steviol glycosides, rebaudioside A yield averaged 300 kg·ha−1 with significant differences by cultivar and by interactions of location with cultivar. Leaf productivity was greater at Ontario, OR, than at Hanford, CA, Indio, CA, or Yuma, AZ. Dry leaf yield greater than 7 Mg·ha−1 and rebaudioside A yields greater than 500 kg·ha−1 were observed at Ontario. Stevia perenniated at Hanford and Indio, providing the option of multiyear harvests from a single planting.

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Salt Stress Mitigation via the Foliar Application of Chitosan-Functionalized Selenium and Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26134090 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (13) ◽

pp. 4090

Author(s):

Morteza Sheikhalipour ◽

Behrooz Esmaielpour ◽

Gholamreza Gohari ◽

Maryam Haghighi ◽

Hessam Jafari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana ◽

High Salt ◽

Steviol Glycosides ◽

Rebaudioside A ◽

Tio2 Nps ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni

High salt levels are one of the significant and major limiting factors on crop yield and productivity. Out of the available attempts made against high salt levels, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely employed and considered as effective strategies in this regard. Of these NPs, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and selenium functionalized using chitosan nanoparticles (Cs–Se NPs) were applied for a quite number of plants, but their potential roles for alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on stevia remains unclear. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is one of the reputed medicinal plants due to their diterpenoid steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside A). For this reason, the current study was designed to investigate the potential of TiO2 NPs (0, 100 and 200 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (0, 10 and 20 mg L−1) to alleviate salt stress (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl) in stevia. The findings of the study revealed that salinity decreased the growth and photosynthetic traits but resulted in substantial cell damage through increasing H2O2 and MDA content, as well as electrolyte leakage (EL). However, the application of TiO2 NPs (100 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (20 mg L−1) increased the growth, photosynthetic performance and activity of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased the contents of H2O2, MDA and EL under the saline conditions. In addition to the enhanced growth and physiological performance of the plant, the essential oil content was also increased with the treatments of TiO2 (100 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (20 mg L−1). In addition, the tested NPs treatments increased the concentration of stevioside (in the non-saline condition and under salinity stress) and rebaudioside A (under the salinity conditions) in stevia plants. Overall, the current findings suggest that especially 100 mg L−1 TiO2 NPs and 20 mg L−1 Cs–Se could be considered as promising agents in combating high levels of salinity in the case of stevia.

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Effects of Septoglomus viscosum inoculation on biomass yield and steviol glycoside concentration of some Stevia rebaudiana chemotypes

Scientia Horticulturae ◽

10.1016/j.scienta.2019.109026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 262 ◽

pp. 109026

Author(s):

Luigi Tedone ◽

Claudia Ruta ◽

Francesca De Cillis ◽

Giuseppe De Mastro

Keyword(s):

Biomass Yield ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana ◽

Steviol Glycoside

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Impact of Glycine Betaine on Salinity Tolerance of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) under In Vitro Condition

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.1515/cerce-2017-0029 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 95-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Rameeh ◽

M. Gerami ◽

V. Ghasemi Omran ◽

S. Ghavampour

Keyword(s):

Glycine Betaine ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana ◽

Mean Value ◽

Rebaudioside A ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽

Nacl Concentration ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

High Concentrations

Abstract Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), with great potential as a natural sweeteners source, has a high content of sweeteners, which are up to 150 times sweeter than sugar, but virtually with no calories. Stevia also suitable to be cultivated in semiarid climates and coastal areas, which are characterized by the low quality of the irrigation water. Soil salinity occupies a prominent place among the soil problems that threaten the sustainability of agriculture over a vast area in the world. Glycine betaine is an osmoprotectant, that plays an important role and accumulates rapidly in many plants during salinity or drought stress. In order to evaluation of glycine betaine amending effects on salinity stress in stevia under in vitro condition, a factorial experiment was conducted in 2015. Four NaCl levels, including 0, 50, 75 and 100 mM, along with 0, 1, 12.5, 25 and 50 mM of glycine betaine concentrations were used in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The results showed that salinity levels had significant reduction effects on plant height, root length, shoot fresh weight, number of leaf, total chlorophyll, rebaudioside A and stevioside of the stevia genotype. Due to increasing of glycine betaine, levels all the traits were increased. Owing to amending effect of glycine betaine, its high concentrations made less hazarding effects of salinity on the researched traits. The highest mean value of rebaudioside A (10.62rt) and stevioside (23.38rt) determined at 50 mM of glycine betaine with 0 mM of NaCl concentration.

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Directional bioconversion and optimization of stevioside into rubusoside by Lelliottia sp. LST-1

10.22541/au.160562646.63682618/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jingyu Huang ◽

Ke Huang ◽

Jing Lin ◽

Hongwei Li ◽

Jiaqi Xin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

High Performance ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Food Additives ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana ◽

Steviol Glycosides ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽

Response Surface Optimization ◽

Biological Transformation

Steviol glycosides, mostly extracted from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, are non-caloric, safe natural sweeteners. Steviosides make up more than 50% of total steviol glycosides but possess a bitter aftertaste, which limits their application as food additives. Trace amounts of rubusosides are acceptable sweeteners, but their supply is limited. In this study, we screened an endophytic bacteria (Lelliottia LST-1) that can specifically convert stevioside into rubusoside and reach a conversion rate of 75.4% after response surface optimization. Potential β-glucosidases GH3-1, GH3-2, GH3-3, and GH3-4 based on whole genome sequencing were expressed and interacted with steviol glycosides to explore principle and process of biological transformation. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed that all enzymes hydrolyzed stevioside and generated rubusoside, but substrate specificity analysis indicated that GH3-2 is the most suitable choice for the durative, steady, and high-efficiency production of rubusoside

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