scholarly journals Hasil Analisis Mikrofosil Tumbuhan (phytolith) Situs Wineki dan Padang Hadoa, di Kawasan Lembah Besoa, Sulawesi Tengah.

KALPATARU ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Rooseline Linda Octina
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Plant Utilization ◽  
Sodium Polytungstate ◽  
Plant Microfossil ◽  
Shape And Size

Phytoliths are plant microfossil made of silica that varies in shape and size. Variations of form happen when silica in soil is absorbed by plants then transported and deposited in various parts of plant cells. When the plant dies, the plant's organic matter decomposes and leaves the inorganic material of silica, which we know by the name of phytoliths. Silica can survive in various environmental conditions, That’s make phytoliths are important data for scientific research including archeology. Phytoliths analysis on soil samples from prehistoric  Besoa Valley’s site aimed to reveal past environmental conditions and also find out the possibility of an economical plant utilization. Extraction performed on 18 soil samples from Wineki (box K1) and the Padang Hadoa sites (box K2 and K3). Techniques were performed using Sodium Polytungstate heavy flotation. Phytoliths identification results reveal palmae plants dominate the entire site, other phytolith derived from sample are Poaeceae, Cyperaceae and also two types of economic plants Oryza and Musaceae. Difference vegetation on past (dominated by palm) and current conditions (dominated by grasses)can indicate their changing environmental conditions either due to natural or due to human intervention. The existence of Oryza and Musaceae in Padang Hadoa sites can be an indication of the use by Padang Hadoa’s prehistoric occupant.Keyword : phytolith, Besoa Valley, Oryza, Musaceae  Phytoliths merupakan mikrofosil tumbuhan berbahan silica yang bervariasi secara bentuk dan ukuran. Variasi bentuk phytolith terjadi ketika silica dalam tanah terserap oleh tumbuhan kemudian terangkut dan terdeposisi pada bermacam bagian sel tumbuhan. Ketika tumbuhan mati, material organic tumbuhan membusuk dan meninggalkan material anorganik berupa silica yang kemudian kita kenal dengan nama phytoliths. Sifat silica yang dapat terawetkan diberbagai kondisi lingkungan menjadikan phytoliths data penting bagi penelitian ilmiah termasuk bagi arkeologi. Analisis phytoliths pada sampel tanah dari kawasan prasejarah Lembah Besoa ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan kondisi lingkungan masa lalu dan juga mengetahui kemungkinan adanya pemanfaatan tumbuhan. Ekstraksi dilakukan pada 18 sampel tanah dari Wineki ( kotak K1 ) dan situs Padang Hadoa ( kotak K2 dan K3 ). Teknik yang dilakukan yakni dengan pengambangan menggunakan mineral berat Sodium Polytungstate. Hasil identifikasi mengungkapkan tumbuhan jenis palem mendominasi seluruh situs dibandingkan dengan jenis tumbuhan lain. Jenis tumbuhan lain yang dapat diidentifikasi dari sampel yaitu jenis   Poaeceae, Cyperaceae dan juga dua jenis tumbuhan ekonomis Oryza dan Musaceae. Perbedaan vegetasi di masa lalu (yang didominasi oleh palem) dan kondisi saat ini (didominasi oleh rumput ) dapat menunjukkan adanya perubahan kondisi lingkungan baik karena alam atau karena campur tangan manusia. Keberadaan Oryza dan Musaceae di situs Padang Hadoa dapat menjadi indikasi adanya pemanfaatan jenis tumbuhan tersebut oleh manusia pendukung situs Padang Hadoa ini.Kata kunci: phytolith, Lembah Besoa, Oryza, Musaceae

scholarly journals EMPIRICAL CRITERIA FOR PHYTOMONITORING OF TECHNOGENIC LOAD IN DONBASS

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
A.I. Safonov ◽  
◽  
A.Z. Glukhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Indicator Plants

From the data on the structural heterogeneity of indicator plants (Berteroa incana (L.) DC., Plantago major L., Reseda lutea L., Echium vulgare L., and Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.) under unfavorable environmental conditions of Donbass selected their most informative characteristics for a general assessment of the level of anthropogenic load on local ecotopes. Empirical criteria were calculated as a result of correlation analysis between data sets on the content of heavy metals in soil samples and the values of phytoindication indices.

Dim light vision of Squilla mantis L

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (5) ◽  
pp. 927-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schiff
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Green Fluorescence ◽  
Fiber Analysis ◽  
Near Ultraviolet ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
Dim Light Vision ◽  
Shape And Size

The anatomy of the eye of Squilla mantis and the geometrical optics derived from it are briefly described. The shape and size of the electroretinogram (ERG) are dependent on a) position where it is picked up, b) the light intensity, and c) the change of intensity. Single-fiber analysis confirms the results obtained by the anatomy and the ERG of the eye. Frequency of response of a single secondary fiber to intensity changes of light is proportional to the derivate dI/dt ( I = intensity; t = time). The Squilla sees a moving object as the sum of the intensity changes caused by that object, varied in time and space. The eyes have a maximum of sensitivity for light of 535–555 mµ wavelength, and a second maximum in the near ultraviolet light, the latter partly seen as green fluorescence due to an eye pigment. Anatomy, physiology, and the environmental conditions have been combined to explain the vision of this animal, adapted to his life in the blue-violet twilight of the deeper Mediterranean sea.

scholarly journals Crop Fabrication

2021 ◽  
pp. 353-357
Author(s):  
Monalisa Sonkusale ◽  
Roshni Lonbale ◽  
Vaishnavi Battuwar ◽  
Prof. Prasanna Lohe
Keyword(s):  
Initial Level ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Soil Components ◽  
Manual Testing ◽  
Financial Losses

In India farming is done by traditional methods. Farmers plants crops traditionally without having the knowledge about the contents of the soil and as a result farmer do not gain sufficient profit. The existing method of soil testing is the manual testing starts which by taking soil samples and then sending it to laboratories. The manual process is time consuming and also not feasible. Due to human intervention, there are chances of human errors and so farmers may receive incorrect report. Thus, Development of agriculture using technology is much needed as to minimize the financial losses suffered by the farmers. Thus, our proposed module will provide a brief overview of soil components and other parameters affecting the growth of a crop. Our module is a complete platform designed to such a degree that it incorporates each and every information about the crop from initial level to advance level.

Herbicide Dissipation from Soils with Different Herbicide use Histories

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gordon Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Herbicide Degradation ◽  
Prior Use ◽  
Enhanced Biodegradation ◽  
Prior Application ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Field Plots

Herbicide dissipation was monitored in soils differing in herbicide use histories. Repeated annual applications over 5 yr enhanced biodegradation of butylate [S-ethyl bis(2-methylpropyl)carbamothioate] and EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate) but not alachlor {2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide}, atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], cyanazine {2-[[(4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile}, or metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide]. Prior application of butylate or EPTC enhanced biodegradation of the other thiocarbamate herbicide but not alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, or metolachlor. Prior application of alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, metolachlor, or trifluralin [2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine] did not enhance biodegradation of butylate or EPTC. Dissipation of EPTC applied with dietholate (O,O-diethyl-O-phenolphosphorothioate) was not enhanced by prior application of alachlor, atrazine, or trifluralin. Prior use of EPTC, EPTC + dietholate, butylate, or cycloate, respectively, enhanced biodegradation of EPTC in 100, 100, 71, and 50% of the experiments, of EPTC applied with dietholate in 57, 100, 60, and 33% of the experiments, of butylate in 33, 40, 100, and 20% of the experiments, and of cycloate in 0, 0, 17, and 0% of the experiments. Prior thiocarbamate herbicide applications usually did not enhance cycloate biodegradation, but soils from two locations without prior pesticide use histories rapidly degraded the herbicide. Storage of soil samples at 25 C for 6 or 12 months before application of EPTC and EPTC + dietholate resulted in less herbicide degradation than storage at 15 C. Differences in prior environmental conditions such as temperature may explain why development of enhanced biodegradation varied between years even in the same field plots.

scholarly journals Detection of Pathogenic Leptospires in Water and Soil in Areas Endemic to Leptospirosis in Nicaragua

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron Flores ◽  
Karla Escobar ◽  
José Luis Muzquiz ◽  
Jessica Sheleby-Elías ◽  
Brenda Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Water And Soil Samples ◽  
Endemic Areas

In Nicaragua, there are ideal environmental conditions for leptospirosis. The objective of this investigation was to detect pathogenic and saprophytic leptospires in water and soil samples from leptospirosis-endemic areas in Nicaragua. Seventy-eight water and 42 soil samples were collected from houses and rivers close to confirmed human cases. Leptospira spp was isolated in Ellinghausen–McCullough–Johnson–Harris (EMJH) culture medium with 5-fluororacil and positive samples were analyzed through PCR for the LipL32 gene, specific for pathogenic leptospires (P1 clade). There were 73 positive cultures from 120 samples, however only six of these (5% of all collected samples) were confirmed to be pathogenic, based on the presence of the LipL32 gene (P1 clade). Of these six pathogenic isolates, four were from Leon and two from Chinandega. Four pathogenic isolates were obtained from water and two from soil. This study proved the contamination of water and soil with pathogenic leptospires, which represents a potential risk for public health.

scholarly journals Seed Dormancy Class and Ecophysiological Features of Veronicastrum sibiricum (L.) Pennell (Scrophulariaceae) Native to the Korea Peninsula

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Gyeong Ho Jang ◽  
Jae Min Chung ◽  
Yong Ha Rhie ◽  
Seung Youn Lee
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Mature Embryo ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Physiological Dormancy

Veronicastrum sibiricum is a perennial species distributed in Korea, Japan, Manchuria, China, and Siberia. This study aimed to determine the requirements for germination and dormancy break of V. sibiricum seeds and to classify the kind of seed dormancy. Additionally, its class of dormancy was compared with other Veronicastrum and Veronica species. V. sibiricum seeds were permeable to water and had a mature embryo during seed dispersal. In field conditions, germination was prevented by physiological dormancy, which was, however, relieved by March of the next year, allowing the start of germination when suitable environmental conditions occurred. In laboratory experiments, the seeds treated with 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of cold stratification (4 °C) germinated to 0, 79, 75, 72, and 66%, respectively. After the GA3 treatment (2.887 mM), ≥90% of the seeds germinated during the four incubation weeks at 20/10 °C. Thus, 2.887 mM GA3 and at least two weeks at 4 °C were effective in breaking physiological dormancy and initiating germination. Therefore, the V. sibiricum seeds showed non-deep physiological dormancy (PD). Previous research, which determined seed dormancy classes, revealed that Veronica taxa have PD, morphological (MD), or morphophysiological seed dormancy (MPD). The differences in the seed dormancy classes in the Veronicastrum-Veronica clade suggested that seed dormancy traits had diverged. The results provide important data for the evolutionary ecological studies of seed dormancy and seed-based mass propagation of V. sibiricum.

Occurrence of the Entomogenous Fungus Beauveria bassiana in Pecan Orchard Soils in Georgia

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Harrison ◽  
Wayne A. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Entomogenous Fungus ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Fungus Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Orchard Soils

Soils from 19 pecan orchards in ten Georgia counties were sampled for Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin propagules utilizing a selective oatmeal-dodine agar. The 543 soil samples were collected at times corresponding to adult pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Horn), emergence from the soil and larval penetration into the soil. Fungal propagules were detected in the soils of each of the 19 orchards on both sampling dates. Therefore, soils in pecan orchards in Georgia appear to contain B. bassiana propagules during periods of adult and larval activity of pecan weevils regardless of location, soil type, or pest management practices. Environmental conditions in these orchard soils are apparently conducive for B. bassiana stability and persistence and may enhance efforts to augment the natural inoculum.

scholarly journals Exploring the Distribution of Coccidioides immitis in South Central Washington State

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Coccidioides Immitis ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
South Central

ObjectiveOur objective is to describe the environmental conditions associatedwith confirmedCoccidioides immitisgrowth and accumulation sitesin south central Washington in an effort to understand the ecology andidentify additional potential sites across this emerging endemic zone.IntroductionCoccidioidomycosis, commonly referred to as Valley Fever, iscaused by the soil-borne saprophytic fungusC. immitisandposadasii.These species have historically been found in the desert southwest andMexico; however, in 2010 there were three coccidioidomycosis casesidentified in central Washington. Colonization of soils byC. immitishas been confirmed at exposure sites associated with these cases1.Multiple studies have identified a relationship between environmentalconditions andC. immitisgrowth areas2,3,4, but these relationshipshave not been evaluated in Washington. The Washington StateDepartment of Health has been conducting environmental surveillancein an effort to understand the geographic distribution ofC. immitisincentral Washington and the associated risk to humans and animals.Here we describe our environmental surveillance efforts and presentpreliminary findings related to environmental conditions ofC. immitisgrowth areas in central Washington.MethodsWe collected soil samples at potential human exposure sites incentral Washington, as identified through clinical surveillance andpatient interviews. Soil samples were also collected from areasnot associated with human cases by looking for similar soils inareas of interest Soil samples are analyzed by the U.S. Centers forDisease Control and Prevention using real-time PCR that detectsCoccidioides-specific targets. We employed data from the USDA SoilSurvey Geographic (SSURGO) database to describe environmentalconditions associated with positive samples. We used our findingsto identify un-sampled regions of central Washington that couldpotentially supportC. immitisgrowth.ResultsWe detectedCoccidioidesin 13 soil sampling sites at fivelocations withing the region. These detections included locations notpreviously described in central Washington. We identified a bandstretching across central Yakima and Benton counties with similarsoil characteristics to our positive sample sites, which suggests theseregions could potentially support the growth ofC. immitis.ConclusionsCoccidioidomycosis is emerging in south central Washington, andthe ecology and geographic distribution of the pathogen are poorlyunderstood. We found thatC. immitispresents a risk to humans andanimals across a larger region of central Washington than previouslydescribed and highlights a need for continued environmentalsurveillance. The potential growth sites we identified also providea valuable tool for human and veterinary health care providers andpublic health practitioners to understand and mitigate disease risk.

scholarly journals Antifriz Proteinler: Gıdaların Korunmasında İnovatif Bir Ajan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1433-1439
Author(s):  
İlhan Gün ◽  
Aslı Albayrak ◽  
Asuman Gürsel
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Antifreeze Proteins ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
Shape And Size

Antifreeze proteins are those proteins that have ability to protect the organism against environmental conditions at temperatures below zero, and to resize the shape and size of ice crystals. Due to these properties, they prevent food from sensory, structural and mechanical damages during the storage in cold and they extend the product shelf life. In this review, the types and structure of antifreeze proteins, their mechanism of action and the possibilities of use in food are presented.

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