Crop Fabrication

In India farming is done by traditional methods. Farmers plants crops traditionally without having the knowledge about the contents of the soil and as a result farmer do not gain sufficient profit. The existing method of soil testing is the manual testing starts which by taking soil samples and then sending it to laboratories. The manual process is time consuming and also not feasible. Due to human intervention, there are chances of human errors and so farmers may receive incorrect report. Thus, Development of agriculture using technology is much needed as to minimize the financial losses suffered by the farmers. Thus, our proposed module will provide a brief overview of soil components and other parameters affecting the growth of a crop. Our module is a complete platform designed to such a degree that it incorporates each and every information about the crop from initial level to advance level.

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Integrating Context Awareness and SDN for a Lightweight Approach to Adaptive Networking

10.5753/sbcup.2021.16007 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

José C. F. M. Júnior ◽

David C. P. da Cunha ◽

Carlos A. G. Ferraz

Keyword(s):

Network Management ◽

Context Awareness ◽

Traffic Congestion ◽

Response Times ◽

Management Approach ◽

Human Intervention ◽

Human Errors ◽

Research Challenges ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Complex Cases

With computer networks everywhere, managing them is becoming increasingly complex, leading to higher costs, longer response times, and more human errors in decision making. Given that, the search for a Smart Network Management, with less human intervention and more automation, becomes indispensable. Several technologies have been proposed to enable “Smart Management,” including machine learning, notably for more complex cases. The Software-Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm is one of the most promising. Literature shows, however, that there are still several research challenges and opportunities for the automation of many network management tasks. This paper proposes to combine context awareness with SDN in a lightweight approach to Smart Management, or Adaptive Networking, to handle in a simplified way everyday events such as link-down and traffic congestion. A comparative analysis shows that the management approach combining context awareness with SDN is between 40% and 73% faster than the support of SDN to a human-driven management.

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Automating the Detection and Classification of Active Deformation Areas—A Sentinel-Based Toolset

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings19010015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

José A. Navarro ◽

María Cuevas ◽

Roberto Tomás ◽

Anna Barra ◽

Michele Crosetto

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Human Intervention ◽

Active Deformation ◽

Human Errors ◽

Ground Movements ◽

Multi Scale ◽

Persistent Scatterers ◽

Railway Infrastructure ◽

New Applications

The H2020 MOMIT project (Multi-scale Observation and Monitoring of railway Infrastructure Threats, http://www.momit-project.eu/) is focused on showing how remote sensing data and techniques may help to monitor railway infrastructures. One of the hazards monitored are the ground movements nearby such infrastructures. Two methodologies targeted at the detection of Active Deformation Areas (ADA) and the later classification of these using Persistent Scatterers (PS) derived from Sentinel-1 imagery had been developed prior to the start of MOMIT. Although the validity of these procedures had already been validated, no actual tools automating their execution existed—these were applied manually using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Such a manual process was slow and error-prone due to human intervention. This work presents two new applications, developed in the context of the MOMIT project, automating the aforementioned methodologies: ADAfinder and ADAclassifier. Their goal was (1) to reduce the possibility of human errors to a minimum and (2) to increase the performance/reduce the time needed to obtain results, thus allowing more room for experimentation.

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Timing is Crucial for Plug Seedling Soil Testing

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.858c ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 858C-858

Author(s):

Amy J. Compton ◽

Paul V. Nelson

Keyword(s):

Visual Assessment ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Testing ◽

Monitoring Systems ◽

Foliar Analysis ◽

Soil Solutions ◽

Plug Seedling ◽

Turn Around Time ◽

Fertilizer Regimes

Soil and tissue standards and procedures have not been developed for plug seedlings. Turn-around time for foliar analysis is often adversely long for timely crop corrections. Visual assessment occurs after damage has occurred. Many plug growers have tried but abandoned soil testing due to erratic results. Of the three monitoring systems, soil testing offers the best potential, but can it be effectively refined for plugs? Petunias were grown in 288-plug trays under six fertilizer regimes. Fertilization or waterings were applied at 9:00 am, and 1 hour later, soil solutions were squeezed out and analyzed. Soil levels after fertilization and watering were too variable to inscribe a curve, while levels after fertilization formed a curve consistent with growth of the seedlings. Twice, soil samples were taken 1, 4, 8, and 24 hours after a fertilizer application. Some soil solution concentrations 1 and 4 hours after fertilization were 51 and 36 ppm for NH4-N, 46 and 32 ppm for PO4-P, and 147 and 84 ppm for NO3-N, respectively. Soil testing can be used for plug production, but samples must be taken after a fertilizer application and at a specified length after the application.

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Producer Soil Test Information Sheet

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-ss186-2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 (19) ◽

Author(s):

Rao S. Mylavarapu ◽

William d'Angelo ◽

Nancy Wilkinson

Keyword(s):

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Testing ◽

Soil Test ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Information Sheet ◽

Testing Laboratory ◽

Agricultural Producers ◽

Test Form ◽

Test Information ◽

Soil And Water

Revised! SL-135, a 2-page form for the UF/IFAS Extension Soil Testing Laboratory, must accompany soil samples submitted to the UF/IFAS Extension Soil Testing Laboratory by Florida agricultural producers. Includes important information for sample collection and submission, and crop and analysis codes. Published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, August 2007. SL135/SS186: Producer Soil Test Form (ufl.edu)

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Sorption of atenolol, sulfamethoxazole and carbamazepine onto soil aggregates from the illuvial horizon of the Haplic Luvisol on loess

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/82/2018-swr ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 177-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Fér Miroslav ◽

Kodešová Radka ◽

Golovko Oksana ◽

Schmidtová Zuzana ◽

Kliment Aleš ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Aggregates ◽

Dipole Interaction ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Soil Samples ◽

The Other ◽

Illuvial Horizon ◽

Disturbed Soil ◽

Single Compound ◽

Soil Components ◽

Positively Charged

The leakage of pharmaceuticals present in soils towards groundwater is largely controlled by sorption of those compounds in soils. In some soils, soil aggregates are covered by coatings, which may have considerably different composition in comparison to that in an inner part of the aggregates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sorption of three pharmaceuticals, which were applied in single or all compounds solutions, onto soil samples taken from the Bt horizon of a Haplic Luvisol. Analyses were performed on three types of disturbed soil samples: (1) entire aggregates, (2) aggregates from which coatings were removed, and (3) clay-organic coatings. Sorption of atenolol onto material from coatings was slightly higher than that onto material from the inner parts of the aggregates. On the other hand, sorption of sulfamethoxazole onto material from the coatings was lower than that from the aggregate interior. Both associates with a dominant fraction of clay particles (that are mostly negatively charged) in the coatings in comparison to soil composition in interiors and thus larger cation exchange capacity, which increased sorption of the positively charged atenolol and decreased sorption of the negatively charged sulfamethoxazole. Sorption of carbamazepine, which was in neutral form, did not substantially differ. The sorption of all three compounds did not decrease due to the competition between these compounds for the same sorption sites when applied simultaneously. Atenolol sorption was similar for both applications. Sorption of sulfamethoxazole increased when applied in solution with the other two compounds in comparison to its negligible sorption measured for the single compound solution likely due to sorption of the positively charged molecules of atenolol onto the negatively charged surface of soil components and reduction of repulsion between the soil components and the negatively charged molecules of sulfamethoxazole. Carbamazepine sorption also increased probably due to ionization of molecules due to dipole - induced dipole interaction between non-polar and polar molecules in solution.

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Routine soil testing to monitor heavy metals and boron

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162005000600009 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

pp. 564-571 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Cleide Aparecida de Abreu ◽

Bernardo van Raij ◽

Mônica Ferreira de Abreu ◽

Antonio Paz González

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Hot Water ◽

Soil Testing ◽

São Paulo ◽

Anthropogenic Inputs ◽

Preventive Actions ◽

Farmland Soils

Microelements are an important issue in agriculture, due to their need as micronutrients for plants and also to the possibility of the build-up of toxic levels for plants and animals. Five micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) are routinely determined in soil analysis for advisory purposes. Other four elements (Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni) are considered environmentally important heavy metals in farmland soils. Thus high contents of these metals in cropland might go eventually unnoticed. In this paper we present an approach that can be used to monitor the contents of the nine elements in farmland soils using advisory soil testing. A total of 13,416 soil samples from 21 Brazilian states, 58% of them from the state of São Paulo, sent by farmers were analyzed. Boron was determined by hot water extraction and the other metals were determined by DTPA (pH 7.3) extraction. The ranges of content, given in mg dm-3 soil, were the following: B, 0.01-10.6; Cu, 0.1-56.2; Fe, 0.5-476; Mn, 1-325; Zn, 1-453; Cd, 0.00-3.43, Cr, 0.00-42.9; Ni, 0.00-65.1; Pb, 0.00-63.9. The respective average values for São Paulo were: B-0.32; Cu-2.5; Fe-36; Mn-16; Zn-4.8; Cd-0.02; Cr-0.03; Ni-0.18; Pb-0.85. For other states the results are in the same ranges. The higher values are indicative of anthropogenic inputs, either due to excess application of fertilizers or to industrial or mining activities. The conclusion is that massive chemical analysis of farmland soil samples could serve as a database for indicating potential micronutrient deficiency and excesses or heavy metal buil-up in croplands, allowing preventive actions to be taken.

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Using temporal associations to determine maternal parentage in extensive beef herds

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an16450 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 943 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Menzies ◽

K. P. Patison ◽

N. J. Corbet ◽

D. L. Swain

Keyword(s):

Genetic Improvement ◽

Production Systems ◽

Human Intervention ◽

Data Recording ◽

Beef Production ◽

Traditional Methods ◽

Index Method ◽

Sheep Industry ◽

Weight Index ◽

Beef Herds

The assignment of maternal parentage, although time-consuming and expensive using traditional methods, is essential for genetic improvement. Within the sheep industry the recording of time-based (temporal) associations without human intervention has been routinely used to derive maternal parentage, however it has not been researched in extensive beef production systems. To determine whether temporal associations could be used to assign maternal parentage, cows and calves had their identity recorded as they walked to water over a 27-day trial. Two methods of association were investigated, being the half-weight index and the time difference between a cow and calf having their identity recorded. The half-weight index, which is a measure of the number of times two individuals are recorded together, correctly assigned greater than 90% of maternal pairs. When investigating the duration of data recording it was shown that 85% of maternal parentage could be achieved within only 21 days. Further work is required to determine the effect of calf age, herd and paddock size; however, the results showed that the half-weight index method of determining maternal associations is a labour-saving and accurate alternative to traditional methods used to identify maternal parentage.

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Hasil Analisis Mikrofosil Tumbuhan (phytolith) Situs Wineki dan Padang Hadoa, di Kawasan Lembah Besoa, Sulawesi Tengah.

KALPATARU ◽

10.24832/kpt.v26i2.317 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Rooseline Linda Octina

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Inorganic Material ◽

Plant Cells ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Human Intervention ◽

Important Data ◽

Plant Utilization ◽

Sodium Polytungstate ◽

Plant Microfossil ◽

Shape And Size

Phytoliths are plant microfossil made of silica that varies in shape and size. Variations of form happen when silica in soil is absorbed by plants then transported and deposited in various parts of plant cells. When the plant dies, the plant's organic matter decomposes and leaves the inorganic material of silica, which we know by the name of phytoliths. Silica can survive in various environmental conditions, That’s make phytoliths are important data for scientific research including archeology. Phytoliths analysis on soil samples from prehistoric Besoa Valley’s site aimed to reveal past environmental conditions and also find out the possibility of an economical plant utilization. Extraction performed on 18 soil samples from Wineki (box K1) and the Padang Hadoa sites (box K2 and K3). Techniques were performed using Sodium Polytungstate heavy flotation. Phytoliths identification results reveal palmae plants dominate the entire site, other phytolith derived from sample are Poaeceae, Cyperaceae and also two types of economic plants Oryza and Musaceae. Difference vegetation on past (dominated by palm) and current conditions (dominated by grasses)can indicate their changing environmental conditions either due to natural or due to human intervention. The existence of Oryza and Musaceae in Padang Hadoa sites can be an indication of the use by Padang Hadoa’s prehistoric occupant.Keyword : phytolith, Besoa Valley, Oryza, Musaceae Phytoliths merupakan mikrofosil tumbuhan berbahan silica yang bervariasi secara bentuk dan ukuran. Variasi bentuk phytolith terjadi ketika silica dalam tanah terserap oleh tumbuhan kemudian terangkut dan terdeposisi pada bermacam bagian sel tumbuhan. Ketika tumbuhan mati, material organic tumbuhan membusuk dan meninggalkan material anorganik berupa silica yang kemudian kita kenal dengan nama phytoliths. Sifat silica yang dapat terawetkan diberbagai kondisi lingkungan menjadikan phytoliths data penting bagi penelitian ilmiah termasuk bagi arkeologi. Analisis phytoliths pada sampel tanah dari kawasan prasejarah Lembah Besoa ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan kondisi lingkungan masa lalu dan juga mengetahui kemungkinan adanya pemanfaatan tumbuhan. Ekstraksi dilakukan pada 18 sampel tanah dari Wineki ( kotak K1 ) dan situs Padang Hadoa ( kotak K2 dan K3 ). Teknik yang dilakukan yakni dengan pengambangan menggunakan mineral berat Sodium Polytungstate. Hasil identifikasi mengungkapkan tumbuhan jenis palem mendominasi seluruh situs dibandingkan dengan jenis tumbuhan lain. Jenis tumbuhan lain yang dapat diidentifikasi dari sampel yaitu jenis Poaeceae, Cyperaceae dan juga dua jenis tumbuhan ekonomis Oryza dan Musaceae. Perbedaan vegetasi di masa lalu (yang didominasi oleh palem) dan kondisi saat ini (didominasi oleh rumput ) dapat menunjukkan adanya perubahan kondisi lingkungan baik karena alam atau karena campur tangan manusia. Keberadaan Oryza dan Musaceae di situs Padang Hadoa dapat menjadi indikasi adanya pemanfaatan jenis tumbuhan tersebut oleh manusia pendukung situs Padang Hadoa ini.Kata kunci: phytolith, Lembah Besoa, Oryza, Musaceae

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Settlement and Capacity Analysis of Land Support Development on Flyover in Large City; Pekanbaru, Indonesia

Journal of Geoscience Engineering Environment and Technology ◽

10.25299/jgeet.2020.5.2.5048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 103-111

Author(s):

Husnul Kausarian ◽

Evan Trionaldi ◽

Taufan Khalif Arrahman ◽

Dewandra Bagus eka putra ◽

Batara

Keyword(s):

Large City ◽

Data Retrieval ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Testing ◽

Capacity Analysis ◽

Sieve Analysis ◽

Power Capacity ◽

Ground Support ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The study area located on the street of Soebrantas to Soekarno Hatta Street, with the coordinate position of 0 ° 30 ' 0.79 "N 101 ° 24 ' 57.88 "E - 0 ° 30 ' 0.16 "N 101 ° 24 ' 53.17 "E in Pekanbaru City, Indonesia. The development that will Conduct flyovers in this area became the basis of this research. The main study of this research is to find out how an Atterberg's boundaries, compressibility, and the likelihood of a ground decline in drill 1 use the value of N SPT to match with the purpose of this study. Which is (1) to know the large grain size of soil samples, (2) Knowing the value of the liquid limit, the plastic boundary, and the plastic index of the soil samples, (3) Knowing the possibility of land degradation in the research area, (4) Power capacity analysis of ground support (5) Knowing the decline of modeling using the Plaxis 2D method (6) knows the relationship of decreasing values based on NSPT and Plaxis (7) Knowing the relationship of sieve analysis and Attaberg limit with decreased results. Methods of data retrieval have done with soil testing in the field and soil testing in the laboratories. A comprehensive analysis of the grain has done with sieve analysis. Plastic boundary, liquid, and plastic boundary indices with method Attaberg limit. Decreased analysis and Power capacity analysis of ground support with NSPT value tests.

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Aluminium, extractable from soil samples by the acid ammonium acetate soil-testing method

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.71699 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 54-59

Author(s):

Osmo Mäkitie

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Ammonium Acetate ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Ammonium Acetate Solution ◽

Soil Testing ◽

Acetate Solution ◽

Mean Values ◽

Testing Method ◽

The Mean

The extractant, 0.5 M acetic acid –0.5 M ammonium acetate at pH 4.65, which is used in soil-testing, extracts relatively high amounts of aluminium from acid soils. The mean values of acetate-extractable aluminium at pH 4.65, 1.75 meq Al/100 g of soil, and of exchangeable aluminium (M KCI extraction), 0.41 meq Al were obtained from a material of 30 samples of acid soils (Table 2). Several other acetic acid ammonium acetate extractants, from M acetic acid to M ammonium acetate solution were also used for studying the extractability of soil aluminium. The soil-testing extractant can be used for the estimation of the soluble amounts of aluminium in acid soils, however, further studies are needed for a better interpretation of the ammonium acetate extractable (at pH 4.65) aluminium in our soils.

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