scholarly journals French Energy Sector in Search for Optimal Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 156-171
Author(s):  
A. V. Zimakov
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Eu

Clean energy transition is one of major transformation processes in the EU. There are different approaches among EU countries to decarbonization of their energy systems. The article deals with clean energy transition in France with the emphasis on power generation. While this transformation process is in line with similar developments in the EU, the Franch case has its distinct nature due to nuclear power domination in electricity production there. It represents a challenge for the current model as the transition is linked to a sharp drop of nuclear share in the power mix. It is important to understand the trajectory of further clean energy transition in France and its ultimate model. The article reviews the historical roots of the current model (which stems from Messmer plan of the 1970-es) and its development over years, as well as assesses its drawbacks and merits in order to outline possible future prospects. The conclusion is that the desired reduction of nuclear energy is linked not solely to greening process but has a complex of reasons, the ageing of nuclear reactors being one of them. Nuclear power remains an important low-carbon technology allowing France to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. A desired future energy model in France can be understood based on the analysis of new legislation and government action plans. The targeted model is expected to balance of nuclear and green energy in the generation mix in 50% to 40% proportion by 2035, with the rest left to gas power generation. Being pragmatic, French government aims at partial nuclear reactors shut down provided that this will not lead to the rise of GHG emissions, energy market distortions, or electricity price hikes. The balanced French model is believed to be a softer and socially comfortable option of low-carbon model.

Energy Transition and Post-COVID World

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
E. Telegina
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Digital World

Received 13.01.2021. The coronavirus pandemic has accelerated global economic, technological and social transformation, including the energy sector, and has given the impetus to energy transition from organic fuels to clean energy sources. Though oil will remain an important energy resource in the global energy balance, in the long run renewables will become the leading energy. The European Union and China are the leaders in implementation of energy transition strategies from fossil to clean energy. The transformation in the energy market has affected dramatically the relations between producers and consumers, who now actively determine the consumption trends (for example, green energy, electric vehicles, etc.). Distributed generation and blockchain in power industry enable the consumers to play an active part in the electricity production and distribution chains. Digital transformation and climate agenda are changing the structure of energy business from vertically integrated companies to knowledge-intensive networks. Investors almost unanimously vote for renewable energy. The largest oil and gas companies change their long-term strategies and transform into energy holdings with the prevailing share of renewables in the business structure. Hydrogen attracts particular attention as a promising energy source. The EU plans to develop hydrogen transport infrastructure. For its part, Russia has the ability to supply hydrogen to the European market through the existing gas pipelines. Coronacrisis accelerated the development of online services, artificial intelligence, and distant work. Education and telemedicine received a powerful impetus for further development. Еducation becomes continuous process in the digital world. New educational ecosystems in which skills and competencies are worked out on an interdisciplinary basis are formed. Digital transformation meets the expectations of the generation Z, which in the coming decades will become economically active and will dominate in social and economic agenda. Digitalization, adaptive nature-like technologies, environmentally friendly energy resources, flexible horizontal network between market participants are already a post-COVID reality.

scholarly journals Higher cost of finance exacerbates a climate investment trap in developing economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Ameli ◽  
Olivier Dessens ◽  
Matthew Winning ◽  
Jennifer Cronin ◽  
Hugues Chenet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
The Cost

AbstractFinance is vital for the green energy transition, but access to low cost finance is uneven as the cost of capital differs substantially between regions. This study shows how modelled decarbonisation pathways for developing economies are disproportionately impacted by different weighted average cost of capital (WACC) assumptions. For example, representing regionally-specific WACC values indicates 35% lower green electricity production in Africa for a cost-optimal 2 °C pathway than when regional considerations are ignored. Moreover, policy interventions lowering WACC values for low-carbon and high-carbon technologies by 2050 would allow Africa to reach net-zero emissions approximately 10 years earlier than when the cost of capital reduction is not considered. A climate investment trap arises for developing economies when climate-related investments remain chronically insufficient. Current finance frameworks present barriers to these finance flows and radical changes are needed so that capital is more equitably distributed.

scholarly journals EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL AND NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
T.A. Zheliezna
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Climate Neutrality ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The aim of the work is to develop recommendations for Ukraine on setting long-term integrated climate and energy goals and identifying ways to achieve them. The preconditions, main goals and objectives of the European Green Deal, which was presented by the European Commission in December 2019, are analyzed. The European Green Deal is a comprehensive strategy for the transition to a sustainable economy, clean energy and climate neutrality, i.e., zero greenhouse gas emissions, in Europe by 2050. The adoption of this Deal was preceded by several stages of a coherent EU policy in the relevant sectors. Possibilities for renewable energy development within the framework of the European Green Deal are considered. It is determined that preference is given to the production of green electricity, mobilization of the potential of offshore renewable energy, production of biogas and biofuels from biomass of agricultural origin, sustainable use of low-carbon and renewable fuels, including biomass and hydrogen, in hard-to-electricity sectors. In Ukraine, the document that is closest by its contents to the European Green Deal is the draft Concept of green energy transition until 2050 presented in January 2020. The draft Concept states the goal of achieving 70% of renewable energy sources in electricity generation by 2050 and the climate-neutral economy of Ukraine by 2070. It is recommended that this document should be finalized and adopted formally as soon as possible.

scholarly journals The Role of Zero and Low Carbon Hydrogen in Enabling the Energy Transition and the Path to Net Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam French
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
The World

As public pressure to limit global warming continues to rise, governments, policy makers and regulators are looking for the most effective ways to achieve the target set by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to keep the global temperature increase to below 1.5°C above pre‐industrial levels. This will require the world to move to net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050, and numerous governments have committed to reach net zero by this date, or even earlier. It is widely recognised that achieving net zero at the state, country and regional levels will necessitate a systems-wide approach across all the major sources of GHG emissions, which include power generation, transport, industrial processes and heating. Land use is also critical with billions of trees needing to be planted and a change in the amount of meat eaten. There is a growing realisation that hydrogen has a vital role to play, particularly to decarbonise sectors and applications that are otherwise extremely difficult to abate, such as industrial processes, heavy duty freight movement, dispatchable power generation and heating applications. Hydrogen will also provide long-term (for instance seasonal) energy storage, enabling much greater uptake of renewable power generation, which itself is a key prerequisite of the clean energy transition. Hydrogen can play a role in the decarbonisation of all major segments, and this means it can facilitate cross-sector coupling, enabling the exploitation of synergies between different key parts of the economy. This article discusses the different production routes to low and zero carbon hydrogen, and its uses across numerous applications to minimise and eliminate carbon dioxide and GHG emissions, building a picture of the key role that hydrogen will play in the energy transition and the broader global move towards decarbonisation and climate stabilisation. An overview of some of the ongoing and planned demonstration projects will be presented, outlining the importance of such activities in providing confidence that the hydrogen approach is the right one for multiple geographies around the world and that there are technologies that are ready to be deployed today.

scholarly journals Opposition to Nuclear Power as a Driver of Austrian State Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 203-219
Author(s):  
A. V. Zimakov
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Nuclear Movement ◽  
High Level ◽  
Activist Groups ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the impact of opposition to nuclear power on Austria’s foreign and economic policy as well as the evolution of this political driver. Beyond rejecting the use of nuclear power domestically Austria conducts active anti-nuclear foreign policy primarily towards neighboring countries running NPPs, ultimately aiming at nuclear phase out of the whole EU. As a part of this anti-nuclear policy Austria refuses to procure electricity produced by NPPs in other countries. Moreover, the opposition to nuclear power determined the clean energy transition model for Austria. The country has reached a high level of renewables share in electricity production and strives for a non-carbon energy system by 2030. The article shows that Austria has made a long way to its anti-nuclear stance, driven by social movements. Its turning point was the referendum on the use of nuclear power held in 1978, when diverse activist groups managed to overcome the pro-nuclear government supported lobby. The anti-nuclear movement continued to exert influence on the political agenda of the federal government via local communities and states authorities. With the time, their efforts have led to common acceptance of the anti-nuclear stance as an important driver of the Austrian policy.

scholarly journals Role of Nuclear Electricity in Low Carbon Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-303
Author(s):  
S. M. Sirazam Sadekin ◽  
Sayma Zaman ◽  
M. A. Rashid Sarkar ◽  
Md. Altab Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Carbon Economy

To deal with climate change, low carbon economy is an utmost necessity for the present world. Energy requirement is growing faster exponentially in each decade. Over the long term some of the traditional sources (coal, gas, oil) have become inadequate to meet up the increasing demand. Current consumption rate of fossil fuel will make them extinct by year 2050 to 2100. Based on these facts nuclear power plant is a strategic choice to develop a clean energy. This paper presents - the role of nuclear electricity in low carbon economy. Though nuclear energy can't be called as 'carbon neutral' but it gives rise to much less emission of carbon dioxide than fossil fuels. Comparing with other energy structures, nuclear electricity chain emits a limited amount of greenhouse gas emission. Despite the uncertainty of building future nuclear power plants, this paper further discussed climate policies have larger impact than the policies that are against nuclear electricity production. The safety issue which is a public concern is also discussed here in short.

scholarly journals Study On the Potentiality of Power Generation from Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Wind Turbine: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-171
Author(s):  
Ainaa Maya Munira Ismail ◽  
Zurriati Mohd Ali ◽  
Kamariah Md Isa ◽  
Mohammad Abdullah ◽  
Fazila Mohd Zawawi
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources

Presently the worldwide lockdown from Covid-19 give a huge effect on different sectors across the board, notably on energy consumption. Lockdowns have fuelled the intensification of low-carbon resources in terms of electricity production, yet a drastic upswing in electricity use in residential districts during the pandemic. By exploring economic renewable energy resources, the world is trying to overcome the crisis and one of them is wind energy, where this sustainable energy system is highly demanded, thus reducing global CO2 emissions. Researchers have carried out several findings on wind energy obtained from wind turbines at various potential locations, but most of it used natural sources as a wind stream. Therefore, a revolutionary concept on extracting clean energy from manufactured wind resources with wind turbine system for power generation is introduced in recent studies. The main goal of this review paper is to emphasize the performances of power generation through Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Wind Turbine. The potentiality of wind extractions is reviewed to achieve the clear overview of this new progressive ideas and the important configurations is accentuated. Most findings indicated that this energy recovery device converts wasted energy to a more profitable form by converting it to electricity, resulting in a rapid return on investment. Moreover, the enclosing the output area of wind turbines for recovering energy enhances overall efficiency.

scholarly journals Energy Transition Investments and Financing Instruments

Federalism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100-114
Author(s):  
N. V. Bahtizina ◽  
A. R. Bahtizin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Innovation Fund ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies ◽  
The Eu

International organizations representing the interests of energy-deficient developed countries are urging to solve the problem of global warming through the Energy Transition, which implies decarbonization of the world economy. The implementation of the Energy Transition requires annual investments of 3% of world GDP in energy efficiency, renewable energy, electric vehicles, etc. In 2020, despite the acceleration of dynamics, the volume of world investments was more than 5 times lower than required. The leaders in investments in clean energy are the technologically developed countries of Europe, the USA, Japan, as well as developing countries – China and Brazil, striving for technological independence. In order to expand its presence in the promising market for low carbon technologies, the EU pays special  attention  to  innovations  in  the  field  of  clean  energy,  financing  them  through  the Innovation Fund. To prevent Russia’s technological backwardness and reduce the carbon footprint of export products, it is advisable to envisage the possibility of state support for innovative projects in the field of clean energy from the Climate Fund.

scholarly journals Clean energy utilization technology in the transformation of urban existing residence in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhao ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Qiong Li ◽  
WeiWei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Stirpat Model ◽  
City Construction

Abstract Clean energy substitution technology of existing residential buildings in cities is an inevitable choice for sustainable development and low-carbon ecological city construction. In this paper, the current status of energy-saving renovation and renewable energy application of existing residential buildings in various cities in China is summarized by using statistical method. The geographical distribution of clean energy power generation in primary energy production has been deeply explored in China. According to different climatic division of urban existing residence, the clean energy production and consumption are analyzed and predicted based on STIRPAT model. The results shows that the energy consumption of urban residential buildings in 2016 has increases by 43.6% compared with 2009. Clean energy has also increased from 7.9% to 13.4%. Different climate regions have different advantages in clean energy. Nuclear power generation is ahead of other regions in hot summer and warm winter regions, and wind power and solar power generation are strong in severe cold and cold regions. The results can provide basic data support for planning and implementation of clean energy upgrading and transformation system in urban existing residences in China.

scholarly journals Changes in Electricity Production from Renewable Energy Sources in the European Union Countries in 2005–2019

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6276
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Matuszewska-Janica ◽  
Dorota Żebrowska-Suchodolska ◽  
Urszula Ala-Karvia ◽  
Marta Hozer-Koćmiel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Eu

The policy related to the use of renewable sources is a key element of the energy policy executed in the European Union (EU). One of the targets set for 2050 is to increase the share of electricity in energy consumption to 50%, and 80% of electricity is to be generated from low-carbon sources. In recent years, the EU economies have significantly modified their electricity production, which raises the question of the scale of these changes. The aim of the presented analysis is to assess changes in the use of renewable sources for electricity production in the EU countries in 2005–2019. Gini coefficient and k-mean are applied in the analysis. The conducted research shows that EU countries, in line with the energy policy assumptions, have both increased the share of renewable sources in energy production, especially in electricity production, as well as increased the diversity of used renewable sources. The results also indicate a vast diversity in terms of the use of such sources for the production of renewable electricity in the EU. This indicates that the energy transition is being implemented by EU countries with individual country-level approaches. Nonetheless, a variety of the EU’s both support and restrictive measures are of considerable importance for the ongoing energy transition.

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