scholarly journals Intelligentsia Like a Challenge: the Identity of the Russian Intelligentsia in the 21st Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
О. M. Zdravomyslova ◽  
N. V. Kutukova
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Moral Code ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
The World ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia

The article is devoted to the problem of the Russian intelligentsia identity formation in the 21st century. The authors trace a historical path that the Russian intelligentsia has gone through. Russian philosophers of the 20th century rated this path as tragic, noting that the intelligentsia itself wrote its own history, having captured it in great cultural texts well known in Russia and in the world. The need to understand oneself, one’s purpose, to understand the peculiarity of the situation in Russia and the world is an expression of the intelligentsia’s self-consciousness. Cultural memory, allowing the intelligentsia to maintain its own integrity, plays a leading role in shaping the identity of the intelligentsia. It allows for its own integrity to be maintained. The Russian intelligentsia is a socio-cultural type, including the complex mix of ideas and values which has been shaped since the end of the 18th century in difficult historical conditions. From the beginning, the intelligentsia tried to solve the problem of Russian modernization through enlightening, initiating social changes and participating in them. The Russian intelligentsia formed a special character - psychological traits and behavior, opposite to the type of European intellectuals. Until now, the Russian intelligentsia argues about itself, becoming sometimes closer to European intellectuals, but affirming sometimes its singularity. Nevertheless, in modern Russia there is a widespread perception that the intelligentsia is being replaced by a class of intellectuals - professionals, experts, and public intellectuals which strive to influence the formation of public discourse and the discourse of power. In the course of post-Soviet transformations, the intelligentsia began to lose not only the role of public and political actor, but also the role of the moral elite. The consequences of this process are destructive for younger generations and society as a whole. The study conducted by the authors of the article shows that the discourse of intelligentsia is changing as well as the discourse about it, although the intelligentsia is being constructed in a process of permanent dispute about the past, present and future of Russia. At the same time, intellectual identity is being formed in this dispute. So, it would be wrong to perceive the Russian intelligentsia as an unchanging phenomenon. Its openness to cultural and social changes allows us to talk about the formation of the intelligentsia of the 21st century. The study also reveals that the attitudes towards the intelligentsia expressed by the young generation of educated Russians living in an open, global world, are changing. The new vision of the intelligentsia is similar to its European perception as an intellectual elite. At the same time, a desire of young Russians to turn to the values historically constituting the moral code of the Russian intelligentsia, is observed. Thus, it cannot be said that the intelligentsia has disappeared from Russian public life; instead, the intelligentsia identity is a cultural challenge for the younger generation of modern Russians.

Speculative Realism and Science Fiction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Willems
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Cormac Mccarthy ◽  
Doris Lessing ◽  
Speculative Realism ◽  
Neil Gaiman ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Quentin Meillassoux

A human-centred approach to the environment is leading to ecological collapse. One of the ways that speculative realism challenges anthropomorphism is by taking non-human things to be as valid objects of investivation as humans, allowing a more responsible and truthful view of the world to take place. Brian Willems uses a range of science fiction literature that questions anthropomorphism both to develop and challenge this philosophical position. He looks at how nonsense and sense exist together in science fiction, the way in which language is not a guarantee of personhood, the role of vision in relation to identity formation, the difference between metamorphosis and modulation, representations of non-human deaths and the function of plasticity within the Anthropocene. Willems considers the works of Cormac McCarthy, Paolo Bacigalupi, Neil Gaiman, China Miéville, Doris Lessing and Kim Stanley Robinson are considered alongside some of the main figures of speculative materialism including Graham Harman, Quentin Meillassoux and Jane Bennett.

Desecularization as Phenomenon at the Turn of 21st Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Sergey V.  Lebedev ◽  
Galina N.  Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Islamic Revolution ◽  
Islamic Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
Rational Alternative ◽  
Role Of Religion

In the article the authors note that since the 1970s, with the rise of the Islamic movement and the Islamic revolution in Iran, philosophers and political scientists started to talk about religious renaissance in many regions of the world. In addition, the point at issue is the growing role of religion in society, including European countries that have long ago gone through the process of secularization. The reasons for this phenomenon, regardless of its name, are diverse, but understandable: secular ideologies of the last century failed to explain the existing social problems and give them a rational alternative.

The Role of the Christian Church in Combating 21st Century Racism

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-231
Author(s):  
Clara M. Austin Iwuoha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
God's Word ◽  
The World ◽  
Racial Harmony ◽  
Race And Religion ◽  
The Church

The demons of racism, bigotry, and prejudice found in society at large are also found in the Christian Church. Despite the very nature of Christianity that calls on Christians to be a counter voice in the world against evil, many have capitulated to various strains of racism. Some Christian denominations have begun to explore racism in the Church and have developed responses to addressing the issues in both the Church and the world. This article examines the historical context of race and religion in the Christian Church, and addresses the current efforts of some Christian denominations to become proactive in the struggle against racism. Jesus, in His Word, calls believers to pursue peace and oneness. The paper holds that racial harmony and racial unity are possible, but there are many false, old and d beliefs that will have to be crushed under the hammer of God's Word in order to get to a place of real peace.

scholarly journals Identity, race and faith: The role of faith in post-Apartheid South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Klaasen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Overwhelming Majority ◽  
Correlational Approach ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
The Church

South Africa has experienced an unprecedented influx of migrants in the 21st century. Immigration and race have contributed to the raising of important questions of identity and social inclusion. Immigration and race are two crucial phenomena for the church in South Africa because the overwhelming majority of immigrants to South Africa are affiliated to Christianity and active participants in worshipping communities.This article is an attempt to critically engage with the complex phenomena of immigration and race for the role of Christianity in identity. I will attempt to show how mainstream Christianity as an open-ended narrative and can provide the space for creative tension between the ‘host’ and ‘stranger’ for identity formation. I will use the theoretical framework of Don Browning’s correlational approach to demonstrate how the experience of immigrants and minority race groups creates identity of self and the constructive other.

scholarly journals Self-concept of cervical cancer patients after chemotheraphy in Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Nur Azizah Indriastuti ◽  
Riski Oktafia ◽  
Novika Riswanti
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Chemotherapy Patients ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
The Impact

Cervical cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer that attacks women in the world. One of the treatment efforts for cancer is chemotherapy. Patients with cervical cancer who receive chemotherapy more than twice will experience impaired self-concept. This study aims to determine self-concept in cervical cancer patients who have undergone chemotherapy in Yogyakarta. This research uses qualitative method with phenomenology approach. Data collection is done with interview and observation. Participants totaling five people were determined by purposive sampling. The validity of the data used source triangulation and checked the data back to the participants. Analysis of data were by comparing among categories, marking and describing descriptively. The results of the study are 6 themes, namely physical changes, emotional changes, changes in sexual relations, changes in relationships with family, changes in the role of parenting and social changes in society. The impact of chemotherapy causes various changes in cervical cancer patients which make the self-concept of cervical cancer patients undergo changes

ARAH POLITIK PENDIDIKAN ISLAM INDONESIA ABAD KE 21

ISLAMIKA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
M. Asep Rahmatullah ◽  
Siti Munawati ◽  
Sugih Suryagalih
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
The Political ◽  
Science Majors ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Open World ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

Abstarct The Political Direction of Islamic Education In the 21st century, history has noted that Islamic education in Indonesia has taken root since the entry of Islam into the archipelago, that Islamic education is perfectly upright and perfect is inseparable from the role of the sultans, scholars, and Muslims continues to try to carry out the study of science majors , discussion, writing in the context of jihad fi sabillilah tafaqohu fiddien for the glory of Islam. It is also supported by Islamic political policies that are very beneficial for the interests of the world of Islamic education. Since the destruction of the Caliphate of the Ottoman Turkish Islamic government and the destruction of the Islamic kingdoms in Indonesia and the world. Then the condition of Islamic education experienced ups and downs and the lack of support from the Indonesian government. Therefore, after Indonesia's independence and the increasingly open world of globalization and modernization, it is necessary to look for ideas and ideal forms that are integrally holistic for the world of Islamic education. As well as being able to influence the policies of the Indonesian government and master the political policies of 21st century Islamic education for the future of Indonesian Muslims.Abstark Arah Politik Pendidikan Islam Abad ke 21, sejarah telah mencatat bahwa pendidikan Islam di Indonesia telah mengakar dari sejak masuknya Islam ke nusantara, pendidikan Islam tegak secara sempurna dan paripurna tidak lepas dari peranan para sultan, ulama, dan kaum muslimin yang terus berupaya melakukan kajian majlis ilmu, diskusi, menulis serta aktif dalam gerakan dakwah dan jihad fi sabillilah untuk kejayaan islam. Setelah menancapkan kekuasaan Islam, maka sistem pendidikan islam di topang oleh kebijakan politik Islam yang sangat menguntungkan bagi kepentingan dunia pendidikan Islam. Sejak kehancuran kekhalifahan pemerintahan Islam turki utsmani dan kehancuran kerajan-kerajaan Islam di Indonesia dan dunia. Maka kondisi pendidikan Islam mengalami pasang surut kemunduran dan kurangnya dukungan pemerintah Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, setelah Indonesia merdeka dan semakin terbukanya dunia globalisasi dan modernisasi, maka perlu mencari ide, dan format yang ideal secara integralistik holistik untuk dunia pendidikan Islam. Serta dapat mempengaruhi kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia dan menguasai kebijakan politik pendidikan Islam abad ke 21 untuk masa depan umat Islam bangsa Indonesia.

The Brazilian Economy in the 20th Century

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert S. Klein ◽  
Francisco Vidal Luna
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Asian Immigrants ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
The World

The 20th century represents a crucial period in Brazil’s economic history, when an agrarian, rural-dominated society became an urban, industrialized country with a complex financial sector and a large service sector. This economic transformation fueled by coffee exports led to profound demographic and social changes as millions of European and Asian immigrants were integrated into Brazilian society, followed by a massive shift of native-born migrants from the northeast to the dynamic southeast of Brazil, particularly for the state of São Paulo, which became the richest, most industrialized, and most populous state of the nation. The second half of the 20th century saw the creation of a modern industrial sector and the modernization of national agriculture, which in the 21st century made Brazil one of the most important producers of grain and animal protein in the world.

scholarly journals Russia — a Eurasian Civilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
A. I. Subetto ◽  
V. A. Shamakhov
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Russian People ◽  
The World ◽  
Special Value ◽  
Western European ◽  
Noospheric Strategy

The article argues that Russia as a “Eurasian civilization”, precisely as a “Eurasian” one, is the only civilization in the world. In the process of civilizational-Eurasian genesis, the historical synthesis of the “Western” (European) and “Eastern” (Asian) principles, expressed in its special value genome, is performed in it. Due to the “cold” climate in the Eurasian territory occupied by Russia, it is the highest energy-cost civilization and, therefore, — a civilization with the dominant role of the cooperation law. The Russian people, due to the peculiarity of their value aspirations, which F. M. Dostoevsky defined as “all-humanity”, became the founder of Russian civilization and the bearer of polyethnic cooperation (the Russian super-ethnos according to L. N. Gumilyov). As a “civilization of the Truth”, Russia is called upon to become a leader in the implementation of the noospheric strategy of mankind ecological survival, outside of which ecological destruction awaits them in the 21st century.

scholarly journals SOBRE A MOBILIDADE NO SISTEMA MUNDIAL: A RELEVÂNCIA DO CONCEITO DE SEMIPERIFERIA PARA OS PROJETOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO NO SÉC. XXI

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Freitas
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
System Approach ◽  
World Economy ◽  
World System ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Capitalist World Economy ◽  
Capitalist World

The objective of this article is to discuss the relevance of the concept of semiperiphery to analyze the world system in the 21st century. First, the main concepts of the world-system approach will be analyzed. In the second part, a more in-depth examination of the question of the semi-periphery will be made through its political and economic characteristics. Later, we will examine the empirical attempts to define the semiperiphery, its role in the reproduction of the capitalist world-economy and the question of mobility in the world-system hierarchy. In conclusion, the role of government apparatus in the issue of development and overcoming the status of semi-periphery in the capitalist world-system will be highlighted.

scholarly journals Developing and using tasks for the assessment of speaking

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
Neus Figueras
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Language Assessment ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Process Procedures ◽  
Assessment Tasks

This article provides an overview of the development and use of tasks for the assessment of speaking. It first addresses the key role of the assessment of the skill of speaking within language assessment in general and in the context of teaching and learning foreign languages. Then, it discusses how social changes and research have reshaped the way speaking is defined and operationalized, and focuses on how speaking can be assessed more validly and reliably today. The central role of tasks is also discussed, together with the importance of taking into consideration the implications and impact of different task characteristics. Some recommendations for the development of useful and meaningful assessment tasks which foster uses of assessment that contribute to learning are also proposed. The aim is to revisit due process procedures in the development of speaking assessments with a view to problematizing how to best address 21st century needs.

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