scholarly journals Societal Risk Perception: A 19-Countries Comparison

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Bruno Chauvin ◽  
Dimitra Macri ◽  
Etienne Mullet
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
National Differences ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Mean Risk ◽  
Cross National

The study was aimed at structuring the crosscountry differences in risk perception that have been reported in the literature, using cluster analysis. A 30-hazard x 19-country matrix was composed using as inputs the mean risk estimation levels available in the literature, and cluster analysis was conducted on this matrix. Six clusters of countries were found: A Communist bloc cluster (USSR and Hungary), a Nordic cluster (Finland, Norway, Sweden), an Arab cluster (Egypt and Kuwait), a Developing countries cluster (Brazil and South Korea), a Western cluster (France, Portugal, Spain, USA), and a cluster comprised of four countries or territories (Burkina Faso, China-Hong-Kong, China-Macao, Russia) which only common denominator seems to be that these countries are countries in which many economical and/or societal problems exist. The factors that may explain this clustering are discussed, and a new, more analytic approach to cross-national differences in risk perception is suggested.

scholarly journals La percepción de riesgo social por laicos que viven en Venezuela. Una comparación entre países Latinos

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gabriela Guédez
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Cultural Terms ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Risk Magnitude ◽  
Mean Risk

The present study presents the mean risk magnitude judgments on 91 activities, substances, and technologies expressed by Venezuelan adults living in the two main cities of this country: Caracas and Maracaibo. These judgments were compared methodically with findings on other samples of previous studies, namely four other Latin countries: France, Spain, Brazil, and Portugal. The aim of this study was to structure the cross-country differences in risk perception between the aforementioned countries and Venezuela using cluster analysis. A 91-hazard x 5 country matrix was created. Two main clusters were found. The Economically and Socially Challenging group (Venezuela and Portugal) and the Western Europe group (France and Spain). Brazil was situated closer to the Venezuelan and Portugal cluster than was the Western Europe group. The common denominator in the Economically and Socially Challenging group can be the economic and social problems that both of these countries struggle against. It was reasonable that Brazil was closer to this cluster, given its similarities to both countries (in geographical and cultural terms). More explanations for these clusters were presented in the discussion. Finally, some recommendations and limitations are also presented and more research in this field is suggested as well.

scholarly journals Subjective Risk Assessment and Perception in the Greek and English Bakery Industries

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos C. Alexopoulos ◽  
Zafira Kavadi ◽  
Giorgos Bakoyannis ◽  
Sotiris Papantonopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Bakery Industry ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
Cross National

Several factors influencing risk perception in the area of occupational health and safety are known, but there is still lack of a full understanding of the ways in which people characterize risk. This study aimed to provide an insight of employee risk assessment and perception in the bakery industry. 87 British and 64 Greek employees in two comparable bakery companies were asked to estimate and evaluate hazards at their workplace. The participants' judgments of 12 hazards—according to 7 risk aspects—were collected and analyzed. Subjective assessment on important occupational hazards included handling heavy loads, repetitiveness, high temperatures, high rate of work, stressful deadlines, and noise. Although limited in the population involved, our findings revealed strong cross-national differences in employee risk perception of specific groups of hazards in the bakery industry. Additional interviews revealed evidence that Greek employees' risk perception depends mostly on work experience while British employees were aware of risks due to company health and safety policy, recognizing that safety is the responsibility of both the management and the worker. Cross-national (cultural) factors that influence workforce risk perception and attitudes towards safety have to be taken into account by technical experts and policy makers in the designing of prevention strategies and risk communication.

scholarly journals FUZZY LOGIC AND CLUSTER ANALYSIS IN THE QUALITY OF THE BEVERAGE FROM CONILON COFFEE

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Juliao Soares de Souza Lima ◽  
Samuel Assis Silva
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Fuzzy Classification ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Natural Drying

The quality of coffee beverages has been under study due to the demand of the consumer market for both arabica and conilon coffee. The aim of this work was to study beverage quality from different clones by means of sensory analysis, in 13 clones of the variety Victoria INCAPER 8142 produced at average altitudes of 100.0 m and 528.0 m and with the cherry fruits processed by natural drying or depulping. Fuzzy classification was adopted for the global scores obtained in the sensory analysis, on a scale of 70.0 to 100.0 points, with the Euclidean distance from the cluster analysis being used to define the dissimilarity between the global fuzzified scores for the different clones at the two altitudes and for the two methods of processing the fruit. Clones C4 and C10, at the intermediate maturation stage, presented a mean global score (GS) of 85.0 points for the coffee produced at the altitude of 528.0 m and for the depulped fruit, corresponding to a degree of fuzzy pertinence (FI) of 0.50, and being classified as fine coffee. These same clones presented dissimilarities in the beverage produced by the depulped fruit, with better quality for the coffee at the higher altitude. The fuzzy classification taken together with the cluster analysis to interpret the mean global scores (GS) in the sensory analysis of the beverage for the different treatments under study identified variation in beverage quality

scholarly journals SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF CRIME OCCURRENCE IN VARIOUS REGIONS OF IRAN WITH AN EMPHASIS ON SAFETY

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Ali HOSSEINI ◽  
Zohreh HADYANI ◽  
Hossein YAGHFOORI
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Social System ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Basic Issue ◽  
Cluster Analysis Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wide Gap ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Spatial Analysis Of Crime

Safety is a basic issue in every social system and communities consider safety as one of their main priorities. One of the most important factors that put the safety of various communities at risk is the threats caused by crime occurrence. This paper is aimed to spatially analyze crime occurrence in various regions of Iran with an emphasis on safety. The research method is descriptive-analytical and a documentary and library data collection method is used. In this paper, the Similarity, COPRAS, mean rank method, and cluster analysis method are applied. The final results of the cluster analysis based on the mean rank method indicate a wide gap between the provinces of the country in terms of survey indicators, so that the final coefficient obtained for the provinces in the sixth cluster (the most unsafe group) is about 45 times of the final coefficient of the provinces in the first cluster (the safest group).

scholarly journals Reinforcing at the Top or Compensating at the Bottom? Family Background and Academic Performance in Germany, Norway, and the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-394
Author(s):  
Michael Grätz ◽  
Øyvind N Wiborg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Background ◽  
The United States ◽  
Socioeconomic Differences ◽  
National Differences ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Performance Distribution ◽  
Cross National

Abstract Research on educational mobility usually studies socioeconomic differences at the mean of children’s academic performance but fails to consider the variation in the shape of socioeconomic differences across the outcome distribution. Theories of social mobility as well as theories about the resource allocation within families predict such variation. We use quantile regression models to estimate variation in socioeconomic differences across the distribution of academic performance using different indicators of family background (parental education, occupation, earnings, and wealth). We apply this approach to data on Germany, Norway, and the United States, three countries that represent different welfare and education regimes that may affect the intergenerational transmission of educational advantage. We find stronger socioeconomic differences at the bottom than at the middle and the smallest differences at the top of the performance distribution. These findings are virtually identical across all four indicators of family background. We also find no cross-national differences in the shape of socioeconomic differences in academic performance.

Interfacing corpus linguistics and computational stylistics

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Core ◽  
Computational Stylistics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

This study attempts to examine the potential of selected corpus linguistics and computational stylistics methods in the investigation of translation universals in translational literary Polish. It deals with T-universals (Chesterman 2004), with emphasis on the simplification hypothesis, as manifested in the core patterns of lexical use (Laviosa 1998) and the levelling out hypothesis (Baker 1996). To that end, the purpose-designed corpora, each with approximately 350,000 tokens, of contemporary translational and non-translational literary Polish were compiled. The results confirm the simplification and the levelling out hypotheses but only with reference to the mean sentence length and variance for the mean sentence length. On the other hand, the results of multivariate analyses (Principal Components Analysis and Cluster Analysis) confirm the levelling out hypothesis that translations are more alike as compared with native texts.

The limit of the contemporary financial system in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1223-1245
Author(s):  
V.V. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Monetary Aggregate ◽  
Internal System ◽  
Monetary Relations ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Structural Preservation

Subject. The article focuses on the modern financial system of Russia. Objectives. I determine the limit of the contemporary financial system in Russia. Methods. The study is based on methods of descriptive statistics, statistical and cluster analysis. Results. The article shows the possibility of determining the scope of the contemporary financial system in Russia by establishing monetary relations as the order of the internal system and concerted operation of subsystems, preserving the structure of the financial system, maintaining the operational regime, implementing the program and achieving the goal. I found that the Russian financial system correlated with the Angolan one, and the real scope of the contemporary financial system in Russia. Conclusions and Relevance. As an attempt to effectively establish monetary relations and manage them, the limit of the contemporary financial system is related to the possibility of using Monetary Aggregate M0 to maintain the balance of the Central Bank of Russia. To overcome the scope of Russia’s financial system, the economy should have changed its specialization, refocusing it on high-tech export and increasing the foreign currency reserves. This can be done if amendments to Russia’s Constitution are adopted. The findings expand the scope of knowledge and create new competence in the establishment of monetary relations, order of the internal system and concerted interaction of subsystems, structural preservation of the financial system and maintenance of its operational regime.

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