Geomorphometrics of Tooth Size and Arch Dimension Analysis by Conventional Digital Caliper and Digital Stereomicroscope to Establish Standard Norms for the Pakistani Population

ABSTRACT Objective: Comprehensive diagnosis and treatment planning are essential in a successful orthodontic practice. The purpose of this study is to determine and compare intermaxillary tooth size discrepancy (IMTSD) using traditional digital caliper (DC) measurement on plaster dental models and stereomicroscopic digital dental models (SM). Materials and Methods: The samples were randomly selected from different states of Pakistan. Total 7168 variables were measured on plaster dental casts (128) and SM digital dental models (128) according to the selection criteria. For IMTSD, the 6 variable measured as for anterior tooth size (maxilla, mandibular), overall tooth size (maxilla, mandibular), Bolton's anterior ratios (BAR), and Bolton's overall ratios (BOR). The independent t-test and ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. Results: Significant sexual disparities in the sum of anterior tooth size and overall tooth size via DC and SM methods. No significant sexual disparities for BAR and BOR. No statistically significant differences were found in BAR and BOR between DC and SM. No significant differences were found on IMTSD ratio among different arch length and arch perimeters groups. Conclusions: Norms were developed based on DC and SM for IMTSD. Sexual disparities were observed in the sum of teeth size. However, no significant differences in BAR and BOR for IMTSD between the two methods.

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Accuracy of Four Tooth Size Prediction Methods on Malay Population

ISRN Dentistry ◽

10.5402/2012/523703 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Belal Khaled Mahmoud ◽

Saifeddin Hamed I. Abu Asab ◽

Haslina Taib

Keyword(s):

Prediction Methods ◽

Tooth Size ◽

Prediction Equations ◽

Statistical Significant Difference ◽

Crown Width ◽

Dental Pathology ◽

Southern Chinese ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Malay Population ◽

Digital Caliper

Objective. To examine the accuracy of Moyers 50%, Tanaka and Johnston, Ling and Wong and Jaroontham and Godfrey methods in predicting the mesio-distal crown width of the permanent canines and premolars () in Malay population. Materials and Methods. The study models of 240 Malay children (120 males and 120 females) aged 14 to 18 years, all free of any signs of dental pathology or anomalies, were measured using a digital caliper accurate to 0.01 mm. The predicted widths () in both arches derived from the tested prediction equations were compared with the actual measured widths. Results. Moyers and Tanaka and Johnston methods showed significant difference between the actual and predicted widths of () for both sexes. Ling and Wong method also showed statistically significant difference for males, however, there was no significant difference for females. Jaroontham and Godfrey method showed statistical significant difference for females, but the male values did not show any significant difference. Conclusion. For male Malay, the method proposed by Jaroontham and Godfrey for male Thai proved to be highly accurate. For female Malay, the method proposed by Ling and Wong for southern Chinese females proved to be highly accurate.

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Applicability of bolton’s tooth size ratios among mediterranean, japanese and japanese-brazilian populations

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v15i4.8650038 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 269 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karine Laskos Sakoda ◽

Arnaldo Pinzan ◽

Guilherme Janson ◽

Sérgio Elias Neves Cury

Keyword(s):

T Test ◽

Brazilian Population ◽

Tooth Size ◽

Normal Occlusion ◽

Different Populations ◽

Untreated Individuals ◽

Dental Cast ◽

Japanese Ancestry ◽

Digital Caliper ◽

Brazilian Populations

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if Bolton’s tooth size ratios can be applied to Mediterranean, Japanese and Japanese-Brazilian populations. Materials and methods: The sample comprised 90 pairs of dental casts of untreated individuals with normal occlusion, divided into 3 groups according to ethnical characteristics: White (30 Mediterranean descendant subjects, with a mean age of 13.64 years), Japanese (30 subjects with Japanese ancestry, with a mean age of 15.63 years) and Japanese-Brazilian (30 Japanese-Brazilian subjects, with a mean age of 13.96 years). A digital caliper was used to measure the maxillary and mandibular mesiodistal widths from first molar to first molar on each dental cast. The anterior and overall tooth size ratios were calculated. T test was applied for comparisons between Bolton standards and the ethnical groups for anterior and overall ratios. Results: Only the Japanese-Brazilian group showed significantly greater ratios than Bolton standards. Conclusion: It was concluded that Bolton’s ratios are not applicable to the Japanese-Brazilian population. Therefore, it is suggested that Bolton’s ratios may not be suitable for different populations.

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Perbedaan Ukuran Gigi Molar Pertama Maksila dan Kaninus Mandibula Permanen Antara Mahasiswa Laki-laki dan Perempuan di FKG Universitas Jember

Pustaka Kesehatan ◽

10.19184/pk.v6i2.8658 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 358

Author(s):

Najla Irhamni Phasa ◽

Dwi Kartika Apriyono ◽

Masniari Novita

Keyword(s):

Female Student ◽

Sex Identification ◽

T Test ◽

Tooth Size ◽

Mass Disaster ◽

Male And Female ◽

Digital Caliper

Mass disaster often happened in Indonesia. Sex identification is one of the important things for determining the identity of the victims. Sex can be identified based on the size of the teeth. The study determine the differences of maxillary first molar and mandibular caninus tooth size between male and female student in Faculty of Dentistry University of Jember. The sample of this study consisted of 34 tooth models of female and 6 tooth models of male that measured in mesiodistal and bucolingual width of maxillary first molar and mandibular caninus with a digital caliper. Data were analyzed using Independent T-test. There were significant differences (p ≤ 0,05) of maxillary first molar and mandibular caninus size between male and female. Mesiodistal and bucolingual width of maxillary first molar respectively are 10.64 mm, 11.90 mm in males, and 10.16 mm, 11.16 mm in females. The mesiodistal and bucolingual width of mandibular caninus are 7.13 mm, 7.85 mm in males, and 6.66 mm, 7.08 mm in females. It can be concluded that there was a difference in size of maxillary first molar and mandibular caninus between male and female. Keywords: sex identification, masiodistal width, bucolingual width, maxillary first molar, mandibular caninus

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Evaluation and Applicability of Moyers Mixed Dentition Arch Analysis in Himachal Population

Dental Journal of Advance Studies ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1671993 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 02 (02) ◽

pp. 096-104

Author(s):

Avninder Kaur ◽

Reetu Singh ◽

Sudhir Mittal ◽

Sunila Sharma ◽

Aditi Bector ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Diversity ◽

Mixed Dentition ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Tooth Size ◽

Dental Pathology ◽

American Children ◽

Predicted Values ◽

Almost All ◽

Digital Caliper

Abstract Introduction: The determination of a tooth-size to arch length discrepancy in mixed dentition requires an accurate prediction of the mesiodistal width of the unerupted permanent teeth. The Moyers mixed dentition space analysis is the non-radiographic method for detecting tooth-size arch length discrepancies. Moyers analysis was developed for North American children. Anthropological studies reveal that tooth size varies among different races and ethnicities. Aim: The present study was aimed to determine the applicability of Moyers mixed dentition arch analysis in children of Baddi, Himachal Pradesh. Materials and methods: Dental study models of 120 children in age group of 13- 16 years, were analysed who presented with complete eruption of permanent mandibular incisors, maxillary and mandibular canines & premolars. All dentitions were required to be free of any signs of dental pathology or anomalies. Measurements of the mesiodistal dimensions of the mandibular and maxillary teeth were made using a digital caliper with a Vernier scale that was calibrated to the nearest 0.01mm. The values were then subjected to statistical analysis. Results: All tooth groups showed highly significant differences (p<0.001) between mesiodistal widths in male and female subjects. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between actual widths and the Moyers tables at almost all percentile levels, including the recommended 75%. Conclusion: The differences noted between predicted values from the Moyers tables and that of the present investigation might be the result of racial and ethnic diversity.

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Comparison and testing the reliability of two non-radiographic techniques of mixed dentition space analysis in Nepalese population

Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jcmsn.v13i4.18617 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 410-415

Author(s):

Rajeev Kumar Mishra ◽

Vashant Devagiri

Keyword(s):

Regression Equation ◽

T Test ◽

Mixed Dentition ◽

Tooth Size ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Difference ◽

Predicted Values ◽

Digital Caliper ◽

Mixed Dentition Analysis

Background & Objectives: Mesio-distal tooth size-arch length discrepancy is one of the major sources of malocclusion. Accurate prediction of space required for unerupted tooth can help in early interception of developing malocclusion. Various methods has been proposed for prediction of mesio-distal tooth size however accuracy of such methods in population groups other than that on which these methods are based remains questionable. The aims and objectives of this study were to test the reliability of Moyer’s and Tanaka Johnston mixed dentition analysis in Nepalese population, to construct prediction tables for Nepalese population if these methods were found not reliable.Materials & Methods: Study models of 77 subjects (31 males,46 females) fulfilling the inclusion criteria were retrieved from department archive. Tooth dimensions were measured using electronic digital caliper. Moyer’s and Tanaka and Jhonston methods were applied to predict the mesio- distal tooth size of canines and premolars. The predicted values were compared with the actual mesio-distal mesio-distal size. A regression equation based on actual canine and premolar mesio-distal dimensions and sum of mandibular permanent incisors was also developed.Results: Independent t-test showed that there was no significant difference between mesio-distal tooth size in males and females. Paired t-test showed that there was no difference in mesio-distal tooth size between right and left sides of the arch. Tanaka – Johnston analysis overestimated the mesio-distal size in both males and females. Moyer’s method at 75% overestimated the mesio-distal size in male and female and the difference were statistically significant while at 50% it underestimated the tooth size in females.Conclusion: Moyer’s and Tanaka and Jhonston method of mesio-distal size prediction are inaccurate when applied in Nepalese population. A new regression equation to predict the size of tooth has been presented.

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Bolton tooth size analysis in a sample of Sudanese adults

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2021.v24i2.2125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Raja AbdAlgadir Mustafa ◽

Amal Hussein Abuaffan

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

University Students ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Tooth Size ◽

Normal Occlusion ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Males And Females ◽

Overall Ratio ◽

Mandibular Teeth ◽

Digital Caliper

Introduction: A correct proportion between the upper and lower teeth is critical to achieving proper occlusal interdigitation, ideal overjet, and good molar intercuspation at the end of orthodontic treatment. Objectives: To determine the anterior and overall Bolton’s ratio in the Sudanese population, investigate gender differences in tooth size ratios, and to compare these results with Bolton’s original ratio norm. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of dental casts of 104 Sudanese University students with normal occlusion (52 females, 52 males), aged between 16-26 years randomly selected from AL- Neelain University. An electronic digital caliper was used to measure the mesiodistal tooth size of the maxillary and mandibular teeth anterior to the second molars. These measurements were then used to obtain Bolton’s ratio. Mean, range, and standard deviation of the anterior and overall ratios were computed for each subject. T-Tests were used to compare gender differences and to investigate differences between the results of this study and Bolton’s original ratio. Results: Anterior and overall Bolton ratios for males were 78.43±2.44 and 93.901±9.8 and for females were 78.29±2.6 and 91.67±3.3 percent, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between males and females for the anterior and overall ratios P>0.05. The anterior and overall Bolton’s ratios among Sudanese University students were 78.37 ± 2.54, and 92.79± 7.43 percent, respectively. statistically significant difference between this study and Bolton’s study were found in both anterior and overall ratio P<0.05. Conclusion: Bolton’s mean ratios may not be applicable to Sudanese. Keywords Bolton’s ratio; Sudanese population; tooth-size.

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Accuracy and Reliability of Space Analysis Measurements in Digital Models with Different Degrees of Crowding

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210601913010505 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 505-511

Author(s):

Antonino Lo Giudice ◽

Simone Muraglie ◽

Stefano Martina ◽

Vincenzo Ronsivalle ◽

Rosalia Leonardi

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanner ◽

Digital Systems ◽

Tooth Size ◽

Digital Models ◽

Length Discrepancy ◽

Dental Models ◽

The Mean ◽

3D Software ◽

Plaster Models ◽

Digital Caliper

Background: With the introduction of digital systems in the orthodontic field, it is not still clear if such systems can accurately substitute analogical systems in the diagnosis and orthodontic treatment plane. Objective: The study compared the Arch Length Discrepancy (TALD) and Bolton ratio obtained from plaster dental casts (gold standard) and digital models and tested the null hypothesis that TALD and Bolton ratio measurements in digital models are affected by the degree of crowding. Methods: The sample included 40 dental models divided into five sub-groups, according to the American Board of Orthodontists (ABO) score of crowding. Plaster casts were scanned by a 3D laser scanner to obtain digital models. In digital and plaster models, the mesiodistal width of each tooth and arch lengths (maxillary and mandibular) were measured to calculate anterior and total Bolton ratios and TALD. Three operators performed measurements on plaster and digital models using a digital caliper and OrthoAnalyzerTM 3D software (3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark). Results: No statistically significant differences were obtained for intra and inter-examiner reliability (p > 0.05). When comparing plaster and digital findings, statistically significant differences were obtained for all measurements except for mandibular arch length and anterior Bolton ratio. In general, there was an overestimation of tooth size and arch length discrepancy in digital models. Moreover, the mean difference of measurements between both the methods increased in more crowded models. Conclusions: Crowding affects, the accuracy of Bolton ratio, and the arch length measurements. since the overestimation is relatively small, it should not be considered of clinical significance.

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A Moyers-féle vegyes fogazati analízis alkalmazhatóságának vizsgálata a magyarországi lakosság körében

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/650.2019.31571 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 160 (50) ◽

pp. 1984-1989

Author(s):

Zsófia Pintér ◽

Leila Rill ◽

Géza Vitályos ◽

Kornélia Borbásné Farkas ◽

Béla Kolarovszki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Dentition ◽

Tooth Size ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Actual Space ◽

Hungarian Population ◽

Predicted Values ◽

Unerupted Teeth ◽

Space Requirements ◽

Digital Caliper ◽

Mixed Dentition Analysis

Abstract: Introduction: Moyers mixed dentition analysis is one of the most commonly used prediction methods to estimate the size of the unerupted teeth. By its use, we can determine the severity of tooth size-arch length discrepancies in mixed dentition. Since the tooth size may vary considerably among different ethnic groups, for the most precise estimation of the required space, an analysis based on the individual’s own ethnic group would be recommended. Aim: Our aim was to evaluate the applicability of Moyers mixed dentition analysis for the Hungarian population. Method: Upper and lower study casts of 370 patients were evaluated. The mesiodistal widths of the teeth were measured by using a Pittsburgh digital caliper. The odontometric values obtained were used to calculate actual and predicted values. The actual teeth measurements were then statistically compared to the predicted values derived from Moyers probability tables. Results: Using Moyers analysis, we found significant differences at each percentile between the actual and predictive values in both sexes. In the upper jaw, values for men at the 95th, 85th, 75th, and 65th percentile overestimated the actual values, while for women only the 65th percentile underestimated it. In the lower jaw, all values were overestimated in relation to the actual measurements at all percentiles. Conclusions: Based on our results, Moyers mixed dentition analysis cannot be reliably applied for the Hungarian population. If used, it is recommended to use the Moyers predicted values at the 65th instead of the 75th percentile, as this will result in closer estimation to the actual space requirements. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(50): 1984–1989.

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Influence of the size of incisors on the occurrence of crowding

Bangladesh Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics ◽

10.3329/bjodfo.v3i1.23997 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 24-29

Author(s):

Md Sayeedul Islam ◽

Md Zakir Hossain

Keyword(s):

Anterior Segment ◽

Tooth Size ◽

Tooth Crown ◽

Male And Female ◽

Normal Occlusion ◽

Digital Caliper ◽

Lower Incisors ◽

Mandibular Incisors

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the size of permanent incisors on the appearance of the crowding of the anterior segment of dental arches.Materials and Methods: The study included 100 subjects, aged 13-25 years. All the examinees were divided into two groups. The first group comprised 50 subjects (25 males and 25 females) who had marked symptoms of crowding, especially in the anterior segment. The second group comprised 50 subjects (25 males and 25 females) with normal occlusion. The measurement was performed using a digital caliper, 0.01 mm of accuracy. The following parameters were examined: mesiodistal (MD) and labiolingual (LL) diameter of the maxillary and mandibular incisors. The index of the crown of the tooth was calculated using the formula (MD/LL)×100.Results: The results of this study show that the mesiodistal diameter and the index of the crown of upper and lower incisors has a significantly higher value in both male and female in crowding compared with normal occlusion. In this study, the higher values of the index of tooth crown in patients with crowding, may be due to greater mesiodistal diameter of teeth.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that increased tooth size has a contributory role in dental crowding.Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, October 2012; Vol-3, No.1

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