scholarly journals Horses from Xiongnu Elite Burial Complex Tsaram

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (35) ◽  
pp. 205-215
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Tishkin ◽  
◽  
Natalya A. Plasteeva ◽  
Sergey S. Minyaev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Funeral Practice ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Bone Remains

The paper presents morphological description of horse remains from the elite burial complex Tsaram dated to the Xiongnu period. The complex is located in the Kyakhtinsky district of the Republic of Buryatia (Russia) and consists of one central burial № 7 and accompanying funerary objects. In the grave pit of the largest burial a typical Han chariot was found, which was damaged during later intrusions. The skeletal remains (skull, two cervical vertebrae, metapodials and phalanges) belonged to one stallion were excavated near the chariot. At the northern edge of the grave pit the sacrificial complex with numerous remains of domestic animals was discovered. The animal sacrifice included remains of 25 horse individuals, both males and females. All bone remains originate from incomplete skeletons: only bones of the head, distal parts of the forelimbs and hind limbs are presented. The anatomical composition of the skeletons suggests that in the funeral practice horse skins were used instead of whole carcasses. Among sacrificed horses, adult and senile individuals predominated. The number of young individuals is small, while juveniles are absent. The withers height attributes horses to the small, short and medium Vitt's categories. The chariot horse had a larger body size than other horses. The morphometric analysis demonstrates that Tsaram horses are different in the size and proportions of the limb bones from the Paziryk and Bulan-Kobin horses.

scholarly journals Organic livestock in the Republic of Croatia and Europe

Krmiva ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Zvonko Antunović ◽  
Đuro Senčić ◽  
Josip Novoselec ◽  
Danijela Samac ◽  
Željka Klir
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Organic Meat ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the present study was to analyze the situation in organic livestock farming in Croatia and Europe. In the European countries in the year 2017, around 4.5 million cattle, 5.2 million sheep, 1 million pigs and 50 million poultry were registered in organic farming. The highest share of organically registered domestic animals compared to the total population in Europe and the European Union-28 was in cattle (3.5% and 5.2%) and sheep (3.4% and 5.0%), and the lowest in pigs (0.6% and 0.7%). In Croatia the highest share is in sheep (8.57%) and the lowest in poultry (0.02%) number. The largest increase in recent ten years in the EU has been in the number of poultry (by 103%) and the smallest in the number of pigs (by 47.6%), while the increase was the number of cattle and sheep was around 76% and 74%, respectively. In Croatia organic sheep production increased the most (by 65.0%), while the number of cattle and poultry increased by 62 and 64%, and the smallest increase is in the number of pigs (by 24%). The majority of organic meat of all species of domestic animals is produced in France and in United Kingdom, while organic milk is produced mostly in Germany and France. During the year 2018, most organic beef was produced in the UK and France, organic pork in France and Finland, organic sheep meat in Spain and the UK, organic goat meat in Spain, while most of organic poultry was produced in France and in the UK. A significant increase in the number of livestock in organic farming in Europe and in Croatia indicates an increasing interest in organic livestock farming, not only increase of farmers and processors but also increase of consumers of organic products in European countries.

scholarly journals AUTOCHTHONOUS BREEDS OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS AND CONSERVATION MEASURES

AGROFOR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran MALETIC
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Diversity Preservation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
International Conventions

Recently, highly productive breeds of various species of domestic animals have been used in livestock production, which has resulted in the destruction of indigenous breeds of domestic animals around the world, even in our area. This is the first reason why indigenous races and strains have been endangered. Another reason is that domestic, indigenous breeds were crossed with specialized breeds, which were imported, and in that way their genetic diversity was negatively affected. Resistance is lost, adaptation to the conditions in which they were created, the ability to survive in nature. Indigenous breeds of different species of domestic animals, which are recognized in the Republic of Srpska (BiH) are gatačko cattle and buša (cattle), Vlašić pramenka, Podveleška pramenka, Kupres pramenka (sheep), domestic Balkan horned goat (goats), Bosnian mountain horse (horses), mangulica (pigs) and pogrmuša hen or živičarka hen (poultry). By acceding to international conventions, BiH /Republic of Srpska has committed itself to establishing a system of measures that will enable the conservation of biological diversity and the protection of indigenous and endangered breeds of domestic animals. The choice of a strategy for the conservation of diversity, the establishment of an adequate conservation scheme, and the implementation of a conservation strategy are some of the key elements of any process for the conservation of genetic diversity. Preservation of autochthonous and protected breeds of domestic animals is possible through preservation in the original environment (in situ) and preservation outside the original environment (ex situ). There is a possibility of combining these models of conservation of animal genetic resources.

scholarly journals The postcranial skeleton of Vagaceratops irvinensis (Dinosauria, Ceratopsidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Postcranial Skeleton ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Left Front

The postcranial skeleton of Vagaceratops (= Chasmosaurus) irvinensis (CMN 41357), lacking only the tail, most of the left front and left hind limbs, and portions of the pelvis, is preserved in articulation. It is one of the most complete, best articulated ceratopsid skeletons known. Both the manus and vertebral column exhibit conspicuous pathologies, possibly an indication of advanced age at the time of death. The vertebral column comprises a syncervical, six additional cervical vertebrae, and 12 dorsals. A partial synsacrum is represented by two dorsosacrals, four sacrals, two caudosacrals, and a partial third caudosacral centrum. The ribcage, although crushed, is nearly complete. The sternum is unusually wide compared with other ceratopsids. As in other chasmosaurines, the humerus bears a prominent deltopectoral crest that forms the anterior edge of the broad, rectangular proximal humeral expansion. The medial tuberosity is separated from the dorsal surface of the humerus by a distinct notch. The insertion for the latissimus dorsi is conspicuous. The deltopectoral crest extends a full half of the distance to the distal end of the humerus. Epipodials of the forelimb are relatively short compared to the corresponding propodial. The ulna has a long, distinctly triangular olecranon, broadly rounded anterolateral process, prominent medial process, and a deeply concave trochlear notch. The terminal phalanges on the fourth and fifth manual digits are relatively large, and unlike other ceratopsids have distinct distal ?articular facets. The fourth trochanter of the femur is relatively proximal in position. This study and other recent studies of ceratopsid postcrania suggest that potentially useful taxonomic variation is present in the number of dorsosacrals, size of the groove on the ventral surface of the sacrum, morphology of the last dorsal and dorsosacral ribs, morphology of the scapula and proximal expansion of the humerus, morphology of the ulna, ratio of humerus/epipodium, morphology of the fifth manual digit, and position of the fourth trochanter of the femur.

scholarly journals Tick surveillance in two southeastern provinces, including three metropolitan areas, of the Republic of Korea during 2014 

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaree L. Johnson ◽  
Heung-chul Kim ◽  
Jordan M. Coburn ◽  
Sung-tae Chong ◽  
Nicholas W. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Haemaphysalis Flava ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Amblyomma Testudinarium

Tick-borne disease surveillance was conducted from March–October 2014 in two southeastern provinces, including three metropolitan areas, in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Three general habitats were surveyed: Grasses (grasses and herbaceous and crawling vegetation), Forests (pine, larch, deciduous, and mixed), and Forests+Grasses. A total of 40,048 ticks (1,480 adults; 24,201 nymphs; 14,367 larvae) belonging to three genera and six species were collected. Haemaphysalis longicornis (84.25%; 33,741) was the most commonly collected tick, followed by Haemaphysalis flava (14.52%; 5,816), Ixodes nipponensis (1.09%; 436), Amblyomma testudinarium (0.07%; 27), Haemaphysalis phasiana (0.06%; 23), and Ixodes turdus (0.01%; 5). Overall, adult ticks accounted for only 3.70% of all ticks collected, while nymphs and larvae accounted for 60.43% and 35.87%, respectively. The proportion of H. longicornis nymphs was highest beginning in March (99.51%), slowly declined through July (82.01%) and then rapidly declined to a low in October (6.45%). Large increases in the proportion of H. longicornis larvae were observed in August (42.05%), September (84.19%) and October (93.55%) following increased numbers of adults collected in June (4.20%), July (17.99%) and August (9.79%). Haemaphysalis flava adults and nymphs were commonly collected from April–May and October, while larvae were first collected from July, with peak numbers collected in August and low numbers collected during September–October. The proportion of I. nipponensis adults was highest in March (75.34%), declined to a low in July (0%), and then increased in September (60.00%) and October (90.32%). Larvae were collected only in August–September and accounted for 64.29% and 20.00% of all I. nipponensis collected during those months. Similar proportions of males and females of H. flava (51.47% and 48.53%, respectively) were collected from all habitats, while significantly more I. nipponensis males (62.20%) were collected than females (37.80%). Conversely, the proportion of H. longicornis females (80.00%) collected was significantly higher than for males (20.00%). Overall, the mean number of ticks collected/hr of collection for all habitats was 156.06/hr of collection. Similar numbers were collected/hr for Forests (172.61) and Grasses (168.64), while lower numbers were collected/hr for Forests+Grasses (128.12). 

First record of the Dollman’s tree mouse (Prionomys batesi; Mammalia: Nesomyidae) in the Republic of Congo and additional description of this rare Central African rodent

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1318 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
CHRISTIANE DENYS ◽  
MARC COLYN ◽  
VIOLAINE NICOLAS
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
First Record ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

We present new data on the poorly known rodent Prionomys batesi Dollman, 1910. Recently, five specimens of this species were collected in Odzala National Park, which represent the first record of this species in Republic of Congo. These new captures, combined with the preparation of 15 specimens from Central African Republic allowed us to complete the morphological description of the species as well as, for the first time, to document intraspecific variability. This species is actually known from three countries (Cameroon, Central African Republic and Republic of Congo) and four localities (Bitye, Obala, La Maboké and Odzala). It seems to be restricted to areas of forest-savannah mosaic where the forest is actually colonising the savannah.

scholarly journals An ancient bison from the mouth of the Rauchua River (Chukotka, Russia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina V. Kirillova ◽  
Oksana G. Zanina ◽  
Olga F. Chernova ◽  
Elena G. Lapteva ◽  
Svetlana S. Trofimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Radiocarbon Date ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Dna Analyses ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Steppe Bison

An incomplete carcass of an extinct bison, Bison ex gr. priscus, was discovered in 2012 in the mouth of the Rauchua River (69°30′N, 166°49′E), Chukotka. The carcass included the rump with two hind limbs, ribs, and large flap of hide from the abdomen and sides, several vertebrae, bones of the forelimbs and anterior autopodia, stomach with its contents, and wool. The limb bones are relatively gracile, which is unusual in bison, and a SEM study of the hair microstructure suggests higher insulating capacity than in extant members of the genus. Additionally, mitochondrial DNA analyses indicate that the Rauchua bison belonged to a distinct and previously unidentified lineage of steppe bison. Two radiocarbon dates suggest a Holocene age for the bison: a traditional 14C date provided an estimate of 8030 ± 70 14C yr ВР (SPb-743) and an AMS radiocarbon date provided an age of 9497 ± 92 14C yr BP (AA101271). These dates make this the youngest known bison from Chukotka. Analysis of stomach contents revealed a diet of herbaceous plants (meadow grasses and sedges) and shrubs, suggesting that the early Holocene vegetation near the mouth of the Rauchua River was similar to that of the present day: tundra-associated vegetation with undersized plants.

scholarly journals Prevalence of blood-borne viral hepatitis in different communities in Yemen

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 771-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. SALLAM ◽  
C. Y. W. TONG ◽  
L. E. CUEVAS ◽  
Y. A. RAJA'A ◽  
A. M. OTHMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Carrier Rate ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
African Community ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Republic

It is generally believed that hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses are highly prevalent in the Republic of Yemen. This study investigated the prevalence of HBV and HCV markers in 494 blood donors from Aden, 493 blood donors from Sana'a, 97 residents from an African ethnic minority in Sana'a and 99 residents of Soqotra Island. There were significant differences in the prevalence of HBV carriage (HBsAg: 6·7, 15, 19·6 and 26·3% respectively; P<0·001); past HBV infection (anti-HBc: 17·4, 18·5, 30·9 and 59·6% respectively; P<0·001); susceptibility to HBV (absence of HBV markers: 73·3, 61·9, 38·1 and 9·1% respectively; P<0·001), infectivity of HBV carriers (HBV DNA: 51·5, 33·8, 52·6 and 65·4% respectively; P=0·028) and HCV antibodies (RIBA confirmed or indeterminate: 0·6, 0·2, 5·2 and 5·1% respectively; P<0·001). A significant difference in HBV carrier rate and a borderline significant difference in the prevalence of natural infection was observed between males and females in the African community (P=0·02 and 0·06 respectively). In contrast, in Soqotra Island, there was no significant sex difference in HBV carrier rate but susceptibility was significantly more prevalent in males (P=0·03). This study illustrates that significant difference in prevalence and epidemiology exists among different communities within the same country, reflecting political, geographical and social differences. Control strategies should take these differences into account.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Proximal Femur in the Republic of Belarus’

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Georgiy N. Romanov ◽  
I. Yu Chernyanin ◽  
E. V Rudenko ◽  
O. M Lesnyak ◽  
A. G Zakroeva
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Proximal Femur ◽  
General Information ◽  
Fracture Incidence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
International Osteoporosis Foundation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Russian Association

Purpose: to determine the incidence of proximal femur (PF) fracture in the inhabitants of the Republic of Belarus aged 50 years and over. The study was initiated by the Russian Association on Osteoporosis with support from International Osteoporosis Foundation. Material and methods. The data collection is performed by the protocol that assumes an active search of PF fracture cases for 3 years in all available sources with their subsequent verification within one city of the Republic of Belarus with population over 100 000 residents. Results. Standardized indices of PF fracture incidence in the Republic of Belarus for males and females aged 50 years and over made up 147 and 250 cases per 100 000 inhabitants, respectively. The obtained data are in line with the general information on PF fracture incidence in the neighboring countries. According to the population growth forecast the 25.8% increase of PF fracture cases in this age group is expected by 2050.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF TERRITORIES NON-WELFARE FOR ANTHRAX IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA

2016 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Z. F. Dugarzhapova ◽  
N. B. Badmaev ◽  
V. E. Takaishvili ◽  
E. V. Kravets ◽  
B. Z. Tsydypov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Stationary Points ◽  
Aim Analysis ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Microbiological Examination ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Bone Remains

Aim. Analysis of results of ecological and microbiological examination of territories nonwelfare for anthrax in territories of Barguzinsky and Kurumkansky districts of the Republic of Buryatia for justification of prophylaxis measures. Materials and methods. Space photographs were used and area and landscape signs of cattle grave sites were established. 174 samples of soil and 6 samples of bone remains of agricultural animals were obtained and studied. Results. Examination of 15 objects in 12 non-welfare for anthrax stationary points of the Republic of Buryatia was carried out in August 2014. A novel approach to detection of abandoned cattle grave sites, where DNA of Bacillus anthracis had been detected in samples, was developed and proposed. Conclusion. Ecological properties of soils 2 districts of the Republic facilitate prolonged conservation of B.anthracis in the environment. Measures of sanitary clean-up of non-welfare territories, utilization of biological waste and decision on legal status of abandoned objects are recommended.

scholarly journals Cadastre of unfavorable locations for anthrax of animals in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
G. T. Dyagilev ◽  
M. P. Neustroev
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Geographical Maps ◽  
Oil Gas ◽  
Intensive Development ◽  
Construction Works

The article presents the results of the study on unfavourable locations for animals’ anthrax registered in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) conducted from 2010 to 2018. The research materials were archival documents of the veterinary service of the Yakutsk region, including written reports from the fi rst veterinarians to the Governor of the region about outbreaks of anthrax among domestic animals and people, statistics on the incidence and mortality rate of anthrax in domestic animals from 1811 to 1993, and data from the census of the population and animals. This work was carried out to compile the cadastre of stationary unfavourable locations for anthrax. During the study period, 739 outbreaks of anthrax among domestic and wild animals in 29 administrative districts and 244 settlements were recorded on the territory of the Republic. Among them, there were 455 unfavourable locations that were not previously included in the Russian Cadastre. The information presented in the cadastre of unfavourable locations for animals’ anthrax includes the name of the settlement and farm (given the administrative and territorial changes of districts, settlements and farm names), the year of registration, the number of unfavourable locations and the animal species. As a basis for compiling this cadastral map, geographical maps of the administrative and territorial divisions of the districts were used. These maps show unfavourable locations with signs and use cartographic, statistical and other methods applied in epizootology and epidemiology. The study of stationary unfavourable locations on the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has gained particular importance in recent decades. This was facilitated by the intensive development of the country’s economy, accompanied by large-scale development of deposits of diamond, gold, oil, gas, and the construction of railways and Lena and Kolyma federal roads. The construction works take place in the areas including the ones adjacent to stationary unfavourable locations, which therefore requires an assessment of their epidemiological risk. The cadastre of unfavourable locations for animals’ anthrax will enable specialists of Rospotrebnadzor, veterinary and design institutions, employees of the Ministry of Emergencies, municipalities of districts and settlements to develop and implement a set of preventive measures in places unfavourable for anthrax.

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