scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF TERRITORIES NON-WELFARE FOR ANTHRAX IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA

2016 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Z. F. Dugarzhapova ◽  
N. B. Badmaev ◽  
V. E. Takaishvili ◽  
E. V. Kravets ◽  
B. Z. Tsydypov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Stationary Points ◽  
Aim Analysis ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Microbiological Examination ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Bone Remains

Aim. Analysis of results of ecological and microbiological examination of territories nonwelfare for anthrax in territories of Barguzinsky and Kurumkansky districts of the Republic of Buryatia for justification of prophylaxis measures. Materials and methods. Space photographs were used and area and landscape signs of cattle grave sites were established. 174 samples of soil and 6 samples of bone remains of agricultural animals were obtained and studied. Results. Examination of 15 objects in 12 non-welfare for anthrax stationary points of the Republic of Buryatia was carried out in August 2014. A novel approach to detection of abandoned cattle grave sites, where DNA of Bacillus anthracis had been detected in samples, was developed and proposed. Conclusion. Ecological properties of soils 2 districts of the Republic facilitate prolonged conservation of B.anthracis in the environment. Measures of sanitary clean-up of non-welfare territories, utilization of biological waste and decision on legal status of abandoned objects are recommended.

The Legal Status of Local Government in South Africa under the New Constitutional Dispensation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbuzeni Mathenjwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The history of local government in South Africa dates back to a time during the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910. With regard to the status of local government, the Union of South Africa Act placed local government under the jurisdiction of the provinces. The status of local government was not changed by the formation of the Republic of South Africa in 1961 because local government was placed under the further jurisdiction of the provinces. Local government was enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa arguably for the first time in 1993. Under the interim Constitution local government was rendered autonomous and empowered to regulate its affairs. Local government was further enshrined in the final Constitution of 1996, which commenced on 4 February 1997. The Constitution refers to local government together with the national and provincial governments as spheres of government which are distinctive, interdependent and interrelated. This article discusses the autonomy of local government under the 1996 Constitution. This it does by analysing case law on the evolution of the status of local government. The discussion on the powers and functions of local government explains the scheme by which government powers are allocated, where the 1996 Constitution distributes powers to the different spheres of government. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on the legal status of local government within the new constitutional dispensation.

THE LEGALITY OF BORDER SHIFTS DUE TO COASTAL RECLAMATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Dita Birahayu
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Maritime Boundary ◽  
Coastal Reclamation ◽  
Advanced Science ◽  
Boundary Conflict ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Independent Country ◽  
Maritime Territory

<p>Based on Declaration of Djuanda, it declared that Indonesia maritime was defined as the entity of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), and thus, Indonesia is known as an archipelagic country with a very broad maritime territory directly adjacent to 10 neighboring countries. However, it poses a lot of potential maritime boundary conflict. Supported by this current advanced science, both artificial islands and coastal reclamation were being carried out. Singapore is one having a reclamation named Jurong Island, and it is very close to the territory of NKRI. As an independent country, Indonesia is attempting to protect its territory by having a diplomatic negotiation with Singapore in order to decide the legal certainty over their maritime borders, especially in east area. In addition, they need to define the legal status of that reclaimed island. Based on UNCLOS 1982 article 11 and 80, the legal status of the reclaimed island may not threaten the sovereignty of NKRI as its presence does not change the maritime territory of a country, and it has been agreed in the previous agreement.</p>

scholarly journals Pozycja prawna wojewody w procesie przemian II Rzeczypospolitej

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-53
Author(s):  
Krystyna Wojtczak
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
Legal Situation ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Government

The article considers the legal status of the voivode during the interwar period, the time of the difficult restoration of the Polish identity and the creation of the Polish state in the post-Partition lands with three separate systems of territorial division and local administration. The legal situation of the office of the voivode is closely related to the establishment of the systemic foundations of the highest Polish authorities (legislative and executive) and local administration (initially, on the territory of the former Kingdom of Poland and then on the gradually annexed former Polish territories). The author refers to both spheres of legal activity of the Polish state at that time. She discusses the primary political acts, i.e. the March Constitution (1921), the April Constitution (1935) and the Constitutional Act (1926), as well as regulations concerning county administrative authorities of the first instance, situated in the then two-tier (ministries – county offices) administrative apparatus. Attention is primarily focused on the acts directly concerning the position of the voivode, i.e. the Act of 2 August 1919, the Regulation of the President of the Republic of 19 January 1928, and executive acts issued on the basis of these, and against whose background the importance of the legal institution of the voivode is presented: during the time of attempts to unify the administrative system (1918–1928), and in the period of changes leading to a uniform organisational structure of voivodship administrative authorities (1928–1939). The analysis makes it possible to state that successive legal conditions strengthened the political position of the voivode. In both periods covered by the analysis, the voivode was a representative of the government (with broader competences in 1928–1939), the executor of orders from individual ministers, the head of state and local government authorities and offices (1918–1928), the head of general administrative bodies subordinate to him, and the supervisory body over local government (1928–1939). The position of the voivode in the interwar period was unquestionably very strong.

scholarly journals Constitutional and legal status of the Constitutional Council of France

2020 ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Andrey Irkliienko
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Binding Force ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Made In

he Constitutional Council of France is a body of constitutional control established by the Constitution of 1958. The ConstitutionalCouncil is not the only body that carries out the control over constitutionality. The peculiarity of constitutional control in France consistsin the fact that it has a dual nature and goes beyond well-known models of constitutional control. The constitutionality of acts, issuedby the Parliament, is considered by the Constitutional Council, and after the executive bodies do that, it is passed on to the State Council.Despite the fact that the Constitutional Council is not nominated by a court, its decisions, by their essence, are judicial acts and,likewise the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, are endowed with the property of binding force. They are obligatory forall administrative and judicial bodies and are not subjected to revision (the Paragraph 3 of the Article 62 of the French Constitution).However, it should be taken into account that in addition to binding decisions, the Constitutional Council “expresses opinions” that areadvisory in their nature.In addition to carrying out constitutional control, the Constitutional Council has a number of other functions, such as political,advisory and acts as a court to assess the results of elections of deputies to the National Assembly and the Senate, and elections of thePresident of the Republic. Perhaps that is why the Constitutional Council classifies its decisions due to the types of its own powers.Herewith, the noted specific peculiarities are denoted by the Constitutional Council with the help of fixed letter combinations, which are included in the numbers of decision: REF, enacted on referendum issues; ORGA, enacted on issues of the organization of the Cons -titutional Council, etc.Since, despite all the diversity of functions of the Constitutional Council of France, therefore, its main purpose remains the cons -titutional control. Therefore, using the criterion of powers, under which decisions are made, in terms of initial graduation one shouldpoint out the decisions on issues, which are connected with providing compliance of the Constitution with regulatory acts (assuring thepriority of the Constitution), and decisions passed while carrying out other powers.Decisions of the Constitutional Council outstand with being formal and brief. A decision can take literally a few paragraphs. Themost frequently, the Constitutional Council merely refers to a constitutional norm or is limited to the phrase “these provisions do notcontradict the Constitution”, giving guidance and justifying its position in the least.

scholarly journals Political clientelism in Serbian media - the case of the Tanjug news agency

Sociologija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-95
Author(s):  
Smiljana Milinkov ◽  
Dinko Gruhonjic
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
The State ◽  
State Agency ◽  
State Budget ◽  
News Agency ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Work ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Research Show ◽  
Political Clientelism

The paper problematizes the presence of political clientelism in the media in the Republic of Serbia. The aim of this research is to point out the examples of establishing mechanisms of clientelistic practice in the media, using the News agency Tanjug as an example. Three analytical categories, which are relevant for perceiving the problem of clientelism, have been included: regulatory framework, financial allocations from the state budget and the reporting of the news agency Tanjug. The results of the research show that the illegal functioning, the unsolved ownership issue, non-transparent financing and unprofessional reporting are characteristics of the media work of Tanjug agency. According to the law, the former state agency was scheduled to stop work by the end of 2015. However, Tanjug still, with unclear legal status and significant financial help from the state, publishes information, some of which were proven to be disinformation. The analysis of examples of unobjective and unprofessional reporting points out to the ignoring of public interest, in order to satisfy the particular interest of the governing political structure, which financially makes Tanjug?s functioning possible, in an illegal manner. This case represents a closed circle of interrelationships on the relation politics-economy-media, through which clientelism is defined, using quid pro quo practice.

scholarly journals Environmental protection as a factor of agricultural development in the Republic of Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1367-1379
Author(s):  
Vladimir Šebek
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Legal Entities

Public concern about the environmental impact of economic activities has significantly increased around the globe in recent years. Within the scope of unlawful acts, environmental delicts are among the most serious ones in terms of environmental impact, the consequences of which directly affect the quality and development of agriculture as the main branch of economic activity. The issue of environmental protection and liability can be approached from different perspectives, and the focus of the present research will be on the analysis of environmental delicts committed by legal entities, taking into consideration the importance and role of these entities in agriculture. In addition to general assumptions on legal regulation of the liability of legal entities, the authors also presented the results of research on legal entities reported, charged, and convicted for environmental delicts in the Republic of Serbia in the period from 2010 to 2017, with a special emphasis on the analysis of results obtained in the abovementioned research areas for the territory of AP Vojvodina.

scholarly journals Status prawny sekt destrukcyjnych oraz nowych ruchów religijnych działających na obszarze Polski

2017 ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
Celina M. Masek
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
New Members ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Religious Sects

Since the beginning of the 90’s there have been strong emotions associated with the emergence of many groups called cults in Poland. These groups are accused of illicit and unethical methods to recruit new members and their psychological dependence, resulting in blind obedience to leaders. Sects, carrying out their activities in the form of various types of religious formations, religious associations, churches and other religious organizations, brought to life after 1989 in Poland, operate on the basis of three acts, which include: 1. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997 ; 2. The Act on Guarantees of freedom of conscience and religion of 17 May 1989; 3. Act of April 7, 1989 r.- Law on Associations. Given the range of opinions and concerns regarding the issue of regulation of sects in Poland this question , posed in particular by the lawyer, of the legal status of the activities of religious sects , and in a broader aspect of their place in the modern world, seems to be reasonable, what is confirmed by the media , but mostly by the facts of the activities of these groups in society. As for the international standards, nowadays there are more and more information about the negative effects of the activity of sects throughout the world, what raised interest of social institutions and the authorities of individual countries in this subject. It encouraged the authorities to create an overall analysis to assess the degree of harmfulness of newly established movements, both in a national and international level. Especially in the late eighties of the twentieth century all kinds of reports and other documents devoted to the problem of sects and new religious movements began to appear. The theme was taken also by the representatives of Communities: Council of Europe, the European Union, as well as organs of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. These acts are only recommendations. They are mainly opinion- forming acts and have no legal force. However, in countries, they are crucial, because they are issued by important authorities To sum up, the activity of sects arouses interest in Europe. Although each country has different guidelines and varied range of impact, collaboration is indispensable nowadays.

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