scholarly journals ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННО-АВТОРЕГРЕССИОННЫЙ АНАЛИЗ МЕЖРЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗАННОСТИ ЗАРАБОТНЫХ ПЛАТ В ОТРАСЛЕВОМ РАЗРЕЗЕ

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-60
Author(s):  
Artur R. Nagapetyan ◽  
DanilV. Grishin ◽  
Anna V. Kedrovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Infrastructural Development ◽  
Neighboring Region ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive

Важной причиной оттока трудоспособного населения, помимо низкого уровня развитости инфраструктуры, является сравнительно более низкий уровень заработных плат по сравнению с другими регионами. Существует ли меж-региональная взаимосвязанность между величинами заработных плат? C одной стороны, возможно наличие положительной пространственной корреляции. Так, повышение оплаты труда в соседнем регионе приведет к тому, что у рабочих появятся стимулы к переезду в этот регион, что, в свою очередь, может привести к дефициту рабочих в рассматриваемом регионе, что, в свою очередь, создаст стимулы для местных компаний повысить оплату труда. С другой стороны, положительная пространственная корреляция может и не наблюдаться или быть незначимой, например, в случае наличия тех или иных барьеров, препятствующих переезду из одного региона в другой. В статье был произведен пространственно-авторегрессионный анализ взаимосвязанности региональных заработных плат в отраслевом разрезе, позволяющий ответить на вопрос, увеличится или уменьшится величина заработной платы в регионе в конкретной отрасли при увеличении соответствующего показателя в соседних регионах при прочих равных условиях. В рамках моделирования было в том числе оценено влияние на заработную плату некоторых социально-экономических факторов. К их числу относятся уровень образованности, доля пенсионеров, коэффициент демографической нагрузки, уровень развития финансовой инфраструктуры в регионе, уровень безработицы, производи-тельность труда. Основной новизной работы представляется использование моделей пространственной авторегрессии, что помимо выявления пространственных взаимосвязей позволило получить более точные оценки коэффициентов, характеризующих влияние на заработную плату рассмотренных факторов ввиду того, что частично удаётся решить известные проблемы, связанные с наличием пропущенных переменных в классических регрессионных моделях. Для анализа были рассмотрены соответствующие региональные данные с 2012 г. по 2016 г. для 83 субъектов Российских Федерации по следующим отраслям: сельское хозяйство, охота и лесное хозяйство; производство пищевых продуктов (включая напитки) и табака; строительство; оптовая торговля, включая торговлю через агентов; розничная торговля, государственное управление и военная безопасность, обработка древесины и производство изделий из дерева (кроме мебели). Положительная значимая пространственной корреляции была выявлена для всех рассмотренных отраслей, кроме оптовой торговли и обработки древесины. Полученные результаты и сформулированные выводы в дальнейшем могут применяться органами государственной власти при реализации мер социально-экономической политики, направленных на регулирование рынка труда, в том числе мер по привлечению и удержанию кадров на конкретной территории. Besides the low level of infrastructural development, the lower level of wages in comparison with other regions is a major cause of labor force outflow. Is there any interregional interconnection between the levels of wages? On the one hand, there is a possibility for a positive spatial correlation. Thus, increase of wages in the neighboring region will result in the stimuli for workers to move into this region which, in its turn, will lead to the insufficiency of workers in the region under review and, consequently, will encourage the local companies to increase the wages. On the other hand, a positive spatial correlation may not exist or be insignificant, for example, in case of the obstacles for interregional migration of labor force. The article has conducted a spatial-autoregressive analysis of interconnectedness of regional wages in the industrial context that answers the question if the wages will go up in the region in the specific industry in the context of increased wages in the neighboring region on condition of other similar conditions. The modelling has allowed evaluating the influence of some economic and social factors on the wages. These factors include: education level, percentage of pensioners, coefficient of demographic load, level of infrastructural development in the region, level of unemployment, labor performance, etc. The main novelty of the research lies in applying the models of spatial auto-regression that, in addition to revealing the spatial interconnections, give more precise evaluation of coefficients which describe the influence of these factors on the wages as they can partially solve the existing problems connected with the existence of omitted variables in the classic regressive models. Our analysis required reviewing the corresponding regional data from 2010 to 2016 for 83 subjects of the Russian Federation on the following industries: agriculture, hunting and forestry; food manufacturing (including beverages) and tobacco; construction; wholesale including trading via agents; government administration and military security; processing of timber and manufacturing of wood products (except for the furniture). A positive value of spatial correlation was discovered for all industries under research except for the wholesale trading and timber processing. The obtained results and conclusions can further be used by government administrative bodies in realization of measures of social and economic policies aimed at labor market regulation including the measures of attracting and retaining the labor force at the specific territory.

scholarly journals Regiones y procesos urbano-rurales en el estado de Querétaro, 1960-2005 / Urban-rural Regions and Processes in the state of Querétaro, 1960-2005

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Alfonso Serna Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Productive Activity ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Urban Rural

En el estado de Querétaro se han desarrollado ciertos procesos que han acarreado transformaciones en el campo y sus agentes. Con la aplicación de las políticas económicas neoliberales el agro cayó en diferentes formas de crisis que, al conjugarse con la fuerza de trabajo y el capital, impusieron nuevas características a la actividad productiva y a la organización del territorio, la cual se ha diversificado y articulado a varios nodos influidos por los grandes centros urbanos. Se presentan aquí cuatro regiones y se analizan a partir de una perspectiva que reconoce que la interacción del campo y los procesos urbanos es esencial para la comprensión de lo regional. AbstractIn the state of Querétaro, there have been processes that have involved transformations of the countryside and its agents. As a result of neoliberal economic policies, the countryside experienced various forms of crisis which, in conjunction with the labor force and capital, defined new features of productive activity and territorial organization, which was both diverse and linked to various nodes, albeit with the influence of large urban centers. Four regions are proposed and analyzed from a perspective that acknowledges that the interaction of the countryside and urban processes is crucial to an understanding of regional issues.

scholarly journals A σ-Convergence Model for Analyzing the Balance of Insurance Industry in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zeyun Yang ◽  
Wendong Xiao ◽  
Qiaoling Fu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Growth Convergence ◽  
Convergence Model ◽  
Insurance Development

There are significant regional differences in the development of China’s insurance industry. An important question is that such regional differences are expanding or shrinking? Based on Barrow’s economic growth convergence model, this paper uses the σ convergence model to analyze the differences in the development of China’s insurance industry and its trends. It draws on the statistics data from 1990 to 2020. The empirical results show that the convergence of China’s insurance development is not obvious before 2006, but it shows a significant convergence after 2006. And, there are some differences between the Eastern, the Central, and the Western. Furthermore, when considering the spatial correlation, the convergence of insurance development among provinces in China is more obvious. This shows that the flowing of capital, technology, and labor force between regions may be beneficial to the balanced development of insurance among the regions.

Influence of Suspended Sediment and Sea Surface Temperature on Alga in Changjiang Estuary

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 1957-1962
Author(s):  
Xin Feng Zhang ◽  
Feng Pan Zhang ◽  
Xin Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Correlation Effect ◽  
Changjiang Estuary ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive

The main theories of spatial autoregressive model and model selection were used to study the spatial correlation between suspended sediment, sea surface temperature and alga during summer 2011 in Changjiang estuary. The results indicated that: there were significant high spatial autocorrelations in the spatial distributions of suspended sediment, sea surface temperature and alga, respectively; Suspended sediment always had significant and positive spatial correlation effect on the distribution of alga, Sea surface temperature had significant and positive spatial correlation effect on the spatial distribution of alga in June and August, but this effect decreased in July; The spatial distributions of suspended sediment and alga were closely correlated. Suspended sediment was the key dominant factor of the growth and bloom of alga, also the source of nutriment of alga.

The Challenges of Aging Population: Demographic Development of Labor Force and Immigration Policy

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 1650016
Author(s):  
Belle Selene XIA
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Labor Mobility ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Population Demographic

Given that the amount of elderly population in Finland is growing fast, the author takes a look at the economic policies that aim at combating the challenges brought by aging population in developed countries. The degree of urbanization of a capital city can be determined by the level of demographic changes over time. In this study, the author uses the urban data to analyze the determinants of demographic changes, which have a significant impact on regional policies and regulations. The results reveal important insights on the implications of migration and employed labor force on the regional economy. It is acknowledged that factors such as quality of human capital, labor mobility and housing facilities are integral parts of demographic development. One of the important predictors of demographic changes is labor mobility. The results of ARIMA-models show how the number of employed labor force will change in future in the capital region. New research opportunities are opened in the policy control of inbound and outbound migration to the capital city as well as in the strategic implications of income gap on the regional economy.

Solutions to Nigerian problems of industrialization and manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 049-057
Author(s):  
Ezeliora Chukwuemeka Daniel ◽  
Nwufo Maduka Augustine
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
R And D ◽  
Infrastructural Development ◽  
Economic Development And Growth ◽  
Nigerian Government ◽  
The Government

Industrialization is the key for country’s economic development and growth. In African, most of their government refused to fully sponsor or fund MSE’s and industrialization ideologies. Their infrastructural development and economic policies are of very minimal for strong industrial development. Nigeria faces such situation and the government has refused and neglects the industrialization sectors, yet they want to be a developed country. The solution to industrialization is for the Nigerian government is to reform their economic policies, industrial policies, Develop infrastructures, promote MSEs, research and development (R and D). There is also a very significant need for the Nongovernment organizations to aid the Nation to industrialize and promote the manufacturing systems.

Labor unemployment insurance and firms’ future performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Wang ◽  
Kenneth Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Earnings ◽  
Future Performance

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the association between unemployment insurance (UI) benefits and firms’ future performance as well as the association between UI benefits and volatility of firms’ future performance.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative analyses are used to perform empirical testing, and the variables in this study have been selected from previous literature. Empirical data consists of UI benefits data published from 2003 to 2012 on the US Department of Labor website, accounting data from Compustat, and stock return data from CRSP.FindingsUnemployment benefits are positively associated with firms’ future earnings and cash flows. Also, unemployment benefits are negatively associated with volatility of firms’ future earnings and cash flows. Finally, the positive association between unemployment benefits and firms’ future performance is more pronounced for firms with larger changes in labor force, and the negative association between unemployment benefits and volatility of firms’ future performance is more pronounced for firms with higher labor force volatility and capital structure volatility.Research limitations/implicationsTo the extent that other correlated omitted variables exist, the readers are asked to interpret the findings in this paper with caution.Originality/valueThis study contributes to prior literature on labor economics, finance, and accounting. The findings may be of interest to academic researchers and policy makers.

scholarly journals PEMODELAN REGRESI SPASIAL DEPENDENSI PADA TINGKAT PARTISIASI ANGKATAN KERJA DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-696
Author(s):  
Rahmayunda Usali ◽  
Nurwan Nurwan ◽  
Franky Alfrits Oroh ◽  
Muhammad Rezky Friesta Payu
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Spatial Error ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sar Model ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive

This study discusses the regression modeling with spatial dependence to determine the factors affecting the labor force participation rate in Indonesia 2020. The spatial regression models used in this study are spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR) and Spatial Error Model (SEM), The finding concludes that the SAR model is better used in spatial modeling. At the same time, provincial minimum wage, the average length of school or educational level, and population are factors that affect the labor force participation rate in Indonesia 2020.

Evaluation of Regional Development Policy—An Alternative Approach

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1175-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Sakashita
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
Capital Subsidy ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Regional Development Policies ◽  
The Cost

As a theoretical basis for the evaluation of regional development policies which include capital subsidy in the form of low interest rate financing, we have the famous Borts's criteria. Borts's criteria, however, presuppose the existence of an immobile labor force as an idle resource in a specific region, and this assumption makes the criteria practically inapplicable to the situation of present-day Japan, where the interregional mobility of the labor force is extremely high. The only way to justify the meaningfulness of regional development policies which use subsidy in Japan is to take the nationwide dispersion of population as a supreme social-policy objective and to evaluate the relative cost-effectiveness of alternative economic policies instead of using the cost — benefit approach of Borts's criteria. In the present paper, different intervention policies to attain a desired distribution of population between two regions are compared from the point of view of social cost as well as from that of the amount of subsidy (or tax) needed.

scholarly journals Currency Devaluation and Fuel Subsidy Removal for Nigeria’s Economic Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Martha Saleh ◽  
Osundina Olasunkanmi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Payment Deficit ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Currency Devaluation ◽  
Infrastructural Development ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Resultant Effect

Currency devaluation and fuel subsidy removal are policies that are phenomena to the Nigerian economic environment. The implementation of the policies has further caused more challenges in the pursuit for economic development than remedy to alleviate the crisis in the Nigeria economy. However, the continuous exploration of this policies by successive administration was a concern to this research work. It is as a result of this persistent policies that this paper wants to analyse its viability for economic development in Nigeria.The paper adopted survey research design with the use of questionnaire administered to 387 respondents. Three major organizations were purposefully selected as sources for data collection which were the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and the Nigeria Union of Petroleum and Natural Gas Workers (NUPENG).The paper found out that currency devaluation and fuel subsidy removal is a resultant effect of the mono-productive characteristics of the Nigerian economy which has continually led to balance of payment deficit, low competitiveness in the economy and fall short in living quality of the citizenry. Further exposition revealed that not until diversification of the economy is attained, revitalization of the power sector and industrialization for local manufacturing; economic development might not be feasible. Therefore, it is recommended that industrialization of the economy is highly overdue, infrastructural development imperative and economic policies such as devaluation and subsidy regime should be mildly used when economic downturns are experienced.

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