scholarly journals History of education in Switzerland – historic development and current challenges

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 223-237
Author(s):  
Michèle Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historic Development ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
And Function ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Role And Function

As in other countries, history of education in Switzerland is faced with a number of challenges (e.g. job cuts, questioning of the discipline’s role and function). This paper argues that the disci-pline’s current situation can only be adequately understood in light of its eventful history. In a first step this paper therefore deals with the historic development of the history of education in Switzerland. Particular focus is placed on the establishment of the history of education as a part of pedagogy at the institutions of teacher education during the first half of the 19th century and the discipline’s further development over the course of the late 19th and 20th century. In a se-cond step, this paper discusses the consequences for the discipline’s present and future that arise from its specific, historically evolved situation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15572/ENCO2014.12

scholarly journals Nepali Intellectuals in Exile: The History of Nepali Printing in 19th- and 20th-Century Benares

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-59
Author(s):  
Alaka Atreya Chudal
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Centre Of Gravity ◽  
Special Place ◽  
History Of ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Indian Cities

Abstract Restrictions on the freedom of speech and press, along with the unavailability of competitive printing solutions in Nepal under the Rana regime, caused the centre of gravity of scholarly activities to shift to India. A number of Nepali intellectuals, who came from a variety of backgrounds and had various reasons for having migrated to India, were involved in writing and publishing starting by the end of the 19th century. In those days Benares had few if any peers among Indian cities as a centre of local traditions of education and Sanskrit learning, and as a spiritual, economic and literary destination for Nepalis. Benares, which occupies a special place in Nepali history for its immense contribution to the country’s cultural, social, literary and political evolution, was also the main hub of Nepali print entrepreneurs. This article will delve into early such entrepreneurs and an array of Nepali printing activities in Benares before 1950.

scholarly journals RESEARCH AND TEACHING WITH PHOTOGRAPHS: HISTORICAL AND EDUCATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHY RESOURCES IN ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINES (MAJORCA, SPAIN, 1902-1936)

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (56) ◽  
pp. 38-56
Author(s):  
Xavier Motilla Salas ◽  
Sara González Gómez
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
News Reports ◽  
News Magazines ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
History Of ◽  
Illustrated Press ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Printing Techniques

Abstract The origins of the illustrated press on the island of Majorca (Spain) date to the last two decades of the 19th century when visual records received a major push thanks to the consolidation of new graphic printing techniques, favouring more illustration and photography in the local press - an aspect that further strengthened in the early 20th century in news magazines. Subsequently, and running parallel to the development of international print media, photography was introduced into different media publications in Majorca, often adopting the term 'illustrated magazine'. And the news reports in these general or specialised illustrated publications are precisely where we come across different photographic and/or photojournalism reports on schools and education in general in Majorca, as well as illustrated advertising for education establishments. This article will offer an approach and analysis of the photographic resources contained in the different illustrated magazines on the island from the first three decades of the 20th century. We will also look at the image of schools from the period and the out-of-school education they provided, as well as the possible potential and uses the images represent for didactics in the history of education field.

scholarly journals Between the Ideal and Artistic Practice. On Research into Ancient Sculptural Polychromy

CLARA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalie Skovmøller
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
White Marble ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
Marble Sculptures ◽  
History Of ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Ideal

Antiquity is often synonymous with white marble. Such are the general expectations when visitors enter 21st century museum galleries hosting ancient sculpture. Yet, ancient marble sculptures have never been actually white. They were originally fully painted or otherwise coloured, and today they pose as controlled ruins build by decades of restorations, de-restorations and preservation manifested as encrusted layers and patina. As such they express the modern ideal, meaning ideas of aesthetics developed by 19th and 20th century museums. They do not reflect the ancient artistic practice or the ideas of aesthetics that once guided the ancient craftspeople. The experimental reconstructions -meaning painted copies of authentic sculptures- are therefore often met with suspicion and sometimes frustration, because they explore the artistic practice above the ideal. Unlike the ancient originals, the painted copies are not in any way visually authentic, but fully polychrome, and layers of paint are often applied in thick, opaque layers, thus failing to meet the ideas of aesthetics on behalf of the modern viewer. While the reconstructions serve as seminal research tools in the academic exploration and experimentation with colours on white marble sculptures, they have no precedents in the history of art. This article will therefore explore how reviews of these experimental reconstructions echoes ideas of aesthetics originating from the 19th century, and how a lack of confronting these ideas ultimately empowers the reconstructions with the potential to impose a much-needed material diversity to 21st century classical sculpture galleries.

The Nonlinear History of Fibre Flow Research. Part 1: Background and Beginning

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 23974-1-23974-11
Author(s):  
Ulf Björkman
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historic Development ◽  
Individual Fibre ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Technical Fibre

Abstract Technical fibre flows are normally flocky, but have theoretically mainly been treated as individual fibre flows. The reason for this can only be understood in the context of historic development. In Part 1 of this historic investigation the roots of fibre flow research are traced to the beginning of the 19th century. The subsequent development is followed through its formative period in the first half of the 20th century up to about WW2. Part 2 will continue up to about 1960s when the present main tradition had been well established. In Part 2, an example of an alternative approach will also be given, and some proposals for future development presented.

Historian of the Russian State Library. In Memory of L.M. Koval (1933—2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Margarita Y. Dvorkina
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Library History ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
October 17 ◽  
State Library ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the memory of Lyudmila Mikhailovna Koval (October 17, 1933 – February 15, 2020), historian, Head of the History sector of the Russian State Library (RSL) and the Museum of Library history. The author presents brief biographical information about L.M. Koval, the author of more than 350 scientific and popular scientific works in Russian and in 9 foreign languages. She published 29 books in Publishing houses “Nauka”, “Kniga”, “Letniy Sad”, ”Pashkov Dom”, most of the works are dedicated to the Library. Special place in the work of L.M. Koval is given to the Great Patriotic War theme. The article considers the works devoted to the activities of Library staff during the War period. L.M. Koval paid much attention to the study of activities of the Library’s Directors. She prepared books and articles about the Directors of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums and Library from the end of the 19th century and almost to the end of the 20th century: N.V. Isakov, D.S. Levshin, V.A. Dashkov, M.A. Venevitinov, I.V. Tsvetaev, V.D. Golitsyn, A.K. Vinogradov, V.I. Nevsky, N.M. Sikorsky. The author notes contribution of L.M. Koval to the study of the Library’s history. Specialists in the history of librarianship widely use bibliography of L.M. Koval in their research. The list of sources contains the main works of L.M. Koval, and the Appendix includes reviews of publications by L.M. Koval and the works about her.

The Contemporary Serbian Historiography on Women in the Independent Serbian State (1878–1918): An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 62-75
Author(s):  
Yulia V. Lobacheva
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Women's Movement ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Women's Issues ◽  
Biographical Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
Current Stage

This article aims to consider how Serbian scholars/historians approach to the study of Serbian women in the history of the independent Serbian state and the Serbian society in 1878–1918 at the current stage of the research (from the beginning of 1990th until 2017). This paper will give an overview of some of the main areas of historical studies considering Serbian women’s “being and life”. For example the historiography on history of “women’s question” including women’s movement and/or feminism will be considered as well as biographical research, the study of women’s position through the lens of the modernization process in Serbia in the 19th and 20th Century, Serbian women’s issues in gender studies and through the history of everyday and private life and family, the analysis of the perception of Serbian woman by outside observers including the study of the image of Serbian woman created/constructed by “others”.

A Brief History of Psoriasis Management in Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-277
Author(s):  
Khalad Maliyar ◽  
Patrick Fleming ◽  
Boluwaji Ogunyemi ◽  
Charles Lynde
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Biologic Therapies ◽  
First Line ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory disease with a varying degree of clinical presentations. Managing psoriasis has always been arduous due to its chronicity and its propensity to relapse. Prior to the development of targeted biologic therapies, there were few effective treatments for psoriasis. Ancient psoriasis therapies included pinetar, plant extracts, psychotherapy, arsenic, and ammoniated mercury. In the 19th century, chrysarobin was developed. Then, in the early half of the 20th century, anthralin and coal tar were in widespread use. In the latter half of the 20th century, treatments were limited to topical first-line therapies, systemic drugs, and phototherapy. However, as the treatment of psoriasis has undergone a revolutionary change with the development of novel biologic therapies, patients with moderate to severe psoriasis have been able to avail therapies with high efficacy and durability along with an acceptable safety profile. This article is a brief historical review of the management of psoriasis prior to the inception of biologics and with the development of novel biologic therapies.

The Ismaili Tradition in Iran: 13th Century to the Present

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Beben
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Minority Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
To Receive

The Ismailis are a minority community of Shiʿi Muslims that first emerged in the 8th century. Iran has hosted one of the largest Ismaili communities since the earliest years of the movement and from 1095 to 1841 it served as the home of the Nizārī Ismaili imams. In 1256 the Ismaili headquarters at the fortress of Alamūt in northern Iran was captured by the Mongols and the Imam Rukn al-Dīn Khūrshāh was arrested and executed, opening a perilous new chapter in the history of the Ismailis in Iran. Generations of observers believed that the Ismailis had perished entirely in the course of the Mongol conquests. Beginning in the 19th century, research on the Ismailis began to slowly reveal the myriad ways in which they survived and even flourished in Iran and elsewhere into the post-Mongol era. However, scholarship on the Iranian Ismailis down to the early 20th century remained almost entirely dependent on non-Ismaili sources that were generally quite hostile toward their subject. The discovery of many previously unknown Ismaili texts beginning in the early 20th century offered prospects for a richer and more complete understanding of the tradition’s historical development. Yet despite this, the Ismaili tradition in the post-Mongol era continues to receive only a fraction of the scholarly attention given to earlier periods, and a number of sources produced by Ismaili communities in this period remain unexplored, offering valuable opportunities for future research.

Epidemics and History: Multiple Approaches to the Subject

2021 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Mikhel
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The 19Th Century

The problems of epidemics have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. The history of epidemics has its own historiography, which dates to the physician Hippocrates and the historian Thucydides. Up to the 19th century, historians followed their ideas, but due to the progress in medical knowledge that began at that time, they almost lost interest in the problems of epidemics. In the early 20th century, due to the development of microbiology and epidemiology, a new form of the historiography of epidemics emerged: the natural history of diseases which was developed by microbiologists. At the same time, medical history was reborn, and its representatives saw their task as proving to physicians the usefulness of studying ancient medical texts. Among the representatives of the new generation of medical historians, authors who contributed to the development of the historiography of epidemics eventually emerged. By the end of the 20th century, they included many physician-enthusiasts. Since the 1970s, influenced by many factors, more and more professional historians, for whom the history of epidemics is an integral part of the history of society. The last quarter-century has also seen rapid growth in popular historiography of epidemics, made possible by the activation of various humanities researchers and journalists trying to make the history of epidemics more lively and emotional. A great influence on the spread of new approaches to the study of the history of epidemics is now being exerted by the media, focusing public attention on the new threats to human civilization in the form of modern epidemics.

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