scholarly journals Paediatric viral gastroenteritis and regional predominant viral pathogens in the postrotavirus vaccination year: prospective Irish regional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Zakaria Barsoum
Keyword(s):  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Viral Pathogens

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Human Adenovirus in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis, Albania, 2013–2015

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. La Rosa ◽  
S. Della Libera ◽  
S. Petricca ◽  
M. Iaconelli ◽  
D. Donia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Human Adenoviruses ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Fiber Gene

The objectives of the present study were to assess the occurrence of human adenoviruses (HAdVs) in paediatric patients with gastroenteritis in Albania and to characterize HAdV strains. Faecal specimens from children admitted with acute gastroenteritis to the Paediatric Hospital in Tirana were screened for HAdV, using broad-range primers targeting the hexon gene, in combination with species-specific primers targeting the fiber gene. Phylogenetic analysis was then performed to assess the genetic relationships among the different sequences and between the sequences of the samples and those of the prototype strains. Adenovirus DNA was detected in 33/142 samples (23.2%); 14 belonged to species F (13 HAdV-41 and 1 HAdV-40), 13 to species C (1 HAdV-1, 8 HAdV-2, and 4 HAdV-5), 5 to species B (HAdV-3), and 1 to species A (HAdV-12). Rotavirus coinfection was present in 9/33 (27.2%) positive samples. In the remaining 24 positive samples (12 enteric—F species; 12 nonenteric—A, B, or C species), HAdVs were detected as unique viral pathogens, suggesting that HAdV may be an important cause of diarrhoea in children requiring hospitalization. This is the first study investigating the presence of human adenoviruses (species A–G) as etiologic agents of viral gastroenteritis in children in Albania.

scholarly journals Burden of Viral Pathogens in Pediatric Patients in Southwest Ohio

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara DeBurger ◽  
Sarah Hanna ◽  
Andrea Ankrum ◽  
Joshua Schaffzin ◽  
Eleanor Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Shigella Species ◽  
Stool Samples

Abstract Background: Viral gastroenteritis is a leading cause of morbidity worldwide. Evolving epidemiology, in part due to vaccines, has made identifying specific stool pathogens more relevant for clinical and public health providers. Molecular testing for gastrointestinal viruses is sensitive and effective for rapid identification of viruses from stool samples. In this study we report the prevalence of key viral pathogens in diarrheal stool specimens from a pediatric population. Methods: From February 2014 to March 2017, remnant stool samples from patients presenting to a healthcare provider with diarrhea were examined for both bacteria (Salmonella species, Shigella species, Campylobacter species, and Shiga toxins 1 and 2) and viruses (norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, and rotavirus). Detection of targets was performed using and FDA-approved platform (BD Max™) with PCR/sequencing serving as the reference method. Results: Of the 386 samples tested, at least one potential pathogen (viral and/or bacterial) was detected in 41.2% of specimens. 136 (35.2%%) samples tested positive for at least one virus; 34 (8.8%) samples tested positive for at least one bacterium. There were 28 dual infections. Conclusions: The most commonly detected targets were viruses. Norovirus and sapovirus were the most prevalent stool pathogens, especially in very young patients. Shigella species was the most prevalent bacteria and third most detected target overall. Rotavirus prevalence was low, but still detected in 15 (3.9%) of the samples. This may indicate that while vaccine has reduced its prevalence, it should still be considered in clinical evaluation of this population. Of note, the majority (59%) of samples were negative for viral pathogens. Providers should also consider parasites and noninfectious causes such as inflammatory bowel disease when evaluating diarrhea in a pediatric patient.

scholarly journals Clinical Implications of Multiplex Pathogen Panels for the Diagnosis of Acute Viral Gastroenteritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Wilber ◽  
Julia M Baker ◽  
Paulina Rebolledo
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Prescribing Behavior ◽  
Average Patient ◽  
Acute Viral Gastroenteritis

Acute gastroenteritis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality both in high and low-resource settings. The development of nucleic acid based testing has demonstrated that viruses are a common, yet often undetected, cause of acute gastroenteritis. The development of multiplex pathogen PCR panels makes it possible to detect these viral pathogens with greater sensitivity and rapidity than with previous methods. At present, there is insufficient evidence to recommend the routine use of these panels for the average patient with acute gastroenteritis. However, there are specific scenarios and patient populations such as epidemiology/outbreak surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, and the care of immunocompromised patients where these tests could be clinically useful today. Further research on the effect of these syndromic panels on provider antibiotic prescribing behavior and patient length of stay will be necessary in order to know their ultimate role in clinical practice.

The Diagnosis of Viral Disease by Electron Microscopy

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 270-273
Author(s):  
William B. McCombs ◽  
Cameron E. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Academic Interest ◽  
The Past

Recent years have brought a reversal in the attitude of the medical profession toward the diagnosis of viral infections. Identification of bacterial pathogens was formerly thought to be faster than identification of viral pathogens. Viral identification was dismissed as being of academic interest or for confirming the presence of an epidemic, because the patient would recover or die before this could be accomplished. In the past 10 years, the goal of virologists has been to present the clinician with a viral identification in a matter of hours. This fast diagnosis has the potential for shortening the patient's hospital stay and preventing the administering of toxic and/or expensive antibiotics of no benefit to the patient.

REGIONAL STUDY ON THE FEED-IN-TARIFF MECHANISM OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC INDUSTRY IN CHINA

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1241-1249
Author(s):  
Hong Li ◽  
Juanrui Lou ◽  
Tingting Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Regional Study ◽  
Feed In Tariff

Infection surveillance in nursing homes in Stockholm County, Sweden, 2005 - 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Tammelin
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
County Council ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Stockholm County ◽  
Infection Surveillance

Swedish nursing homes are obliged to have a management system for systematic quality work including self-monitoring of which surveillance of infections is one part. The Department of Infection Control in Stockholm County Council has provided a simple system for infection surveillance to the nursing homes in Stockholm County since 2002. A form is filled in by registered nurses in the nursing homes at each episode of infection among the residents. A bacterial infection is defined by antibiotic prescribing and a viral infection by clinical signs and symptoms. Yearly reports of numbers of infections in each nursing home and calculated normalized figures for incidence, i.e. infections per 100 residents per year, as well as proportion of residents with urinary catheter are delivered to the medically responsible nurses in each municipality by the Department of Infection Control. Number of included residents has varied from 4,531 in 2005 to 8,157 in 2014 with a peak of 10,051 in 2009. The yearly incidences during 2005 - 2014 (cases per 100 residents) were: Urinary tract infection (UTI) 7.9-16.0, Pneumonia 3.7-5.3, Infection of chronic ulcer 3.4–6.8, Other infection in skin or soft tissue 1.4–2.9, Clostridium difficile-infection 0.2–0.7, Influenza 0–0.4 and Viral gastroenteritis 1.2–3.7. About 1 % of the residents have a suprapubic urinary catheter, 6–7 % have an indwelling urinary catheter. Knowledge about the incidence of UTI has contributed to the decrease of this infection both in residents with and without urinary catheter.

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