scholarly journals Archaizmy językowe w nazwach osiedli i ich mieszkańców (na wybranych przykładach nazw z Mszany Dolnej)

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Józefa Kobylińska
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
Housing Estates

The paper is dedicated to the linguistic peculiarities found in the names of housing estates and their residents in Mszana Dolna, a town located in Zagórze area, in southern Małopolska. Morphological and phonetic features of toponyms and anthroponyms which are discussed result from historical, linguistic and dialectal conditions. Moreover, they reflect certain facts connected with culture and geography of the region.

Effects of Gender, Parental Role, and Time on Infant- and Adult-Directed Read and Spontaneous Speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 4001-4014
Author(s):  
Melanie Weirich ◽  
Adrian Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
First Year ◽  
Space Size ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Description Task

Purpose The study sets out to investigate inter- and intraspeaker variation in German infant-directed speech (IDS) and considers the potential impact that the factors gender, parental involvement, and speech material (read vs. spontaneous speech) may have. In addition, we analyze data from 3 time points prior to and after the birth of the child to examine potential changes in the features of IDS and, particularly also, of adult-directed speech (ADS). Here, the gender identity of a speaker is considered as an additional factor. Method IDS and ADS data from 34 participants (15 mothers, 19 fathers) is gathered by means of a reading and a picture description task. For IDS, 2 recordings were made when the baby was approximately 6 and 9 months old, respectively. For ADS, an additional recording was made before the baby was born. Phonetic analyses comprise mean fundamental frequency (f0), variation in f0, the 1st 2 formants measured in /i: ɛ a u:/, and the vowel space size. Moreover, social and behavioral data were gathered regarding parental involvement and gender identity. Results German IDS is characterized by an increase in mean f0, a larger variation in f0, vowel- and formant-specific differences, and a larger acoustic vowel space. No effect of gender or parental involvement was found. Also, the phonetic features of IDS were found in both spontaneous and read speech. Regarding ADS, changes in vowel space size in some of the fathers and in mean f0 in mothers were found. Conclusion Phonetic features of German IDS are robust with respect to the factors gender, parental involvement, speech material (read vs. spontaneous speech), and time. Some phonetic features of ADS changed within the child's first year depending on gender and parental involvement/gender identity. Thus, further research on IDS needs to address also potential changes in ADS.

Perceptual Characteristics of Consonant Production in Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1411-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Bislick ◽  
William D. Hula
Keyword(s):  
Error Rate ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
Error Type ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
Syllable Position

Purpose This retrospective analysis examined group differences in error rate across 4 contextual variables (clusters vs. singletons, syllable position, number of syllables, and articulatory phonetic features) in adults with apraxia of speech (AOS) and adults with aphasia only. Group differences in the distribution of error type across contextual variables were also examined. Method Ten individuals with acquired AOS and aphasia and 11 individuals with aphasia participated in this study. In the context of a 2-group experimental design, the influence of 4 contextual variables on error rate and error type distribution was examined via repetition of 29 multisyllabic words. Error rates were analyzed using Bayesian methods, whereas distribution of error type was examined via descriptive statistics. Results There were 4 findings of robust differences between the 2 groups. These differences were found for syllable position, number of syllables, manner of articulation, and voicing. Group differences were less robust for clusters versus singletons and place of articulation. Results of error type distribution show a high proportion of distortion and substitution errors in speakers with AOS and a high proportion of substitution and omission errors in speakers with aphasia. Conclusion Findings add to the continued effort to improve the understanding and assessment of AOS and aphasia. Several contextual variables more consistently influenced breakdown in participants with AOS compared to participants with aphasia and should be considered during the diagnostic process. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9701690

Distinctive Phonetic Features as Relevant and Irrelevant Stimulus Dimensions in Speech-Sound Discrimination Learning

1974 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425
Author(s):  
Stuart I. Ritterman ◽  
Nancy C. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Irrelevant Dimension ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Irrelevant Stimulus ◽  
Relevant Dimension ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
Sound Discrimination ◽  
Nonsense Syllables

Thirty-two college students were required to learn the relevant dimension in each of two randomized lists of auditorily presented stimuli. The stimuli consisted of seven pairs of CV nonsense syllables differing by two relevant dimension units and from zero to seven irrelevant dimension units. Stimulus dimensions were determined according to Saporta’s units of difference. No significant differences in performance as a function of number of the irrelevant dimensions nor characteristics of the relevant dimension were observed.

Road Patterns of Housing Estates in Hungary

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pál Hegyi
Keyword(s):  
Housing Estates

Road patterns of housing estates in Hungary

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Pál Hegyi
Keyword(s):  
Housing Estates

Participation and spatial transformation in large housing estates in Poland. Case study of Ursynów Północny

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Krystyna Ilmurzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Reciprocal Relationships ◽  
Spatial Transformations ◽  
Large Housing Estates ◽  
Existing Housing ◽  
Housing Estates

Abstract This article investigates the suitability of traditional and participatory planning approaches in managing the process of spatial development of existing housing estates, based on the case study of Warsaw’s Ursynów Północny district. The basic assumption of the article is that due to lack of government schemes targeted at the restructuring of large housing estates, it is the business environment that drives spatial transformations and through that shapes the development of participation. Consequently the article focuses on the reciprocal relationships between spatial transformations and participatory practices. Analysis of Ursynów Północny against the background of other estates indicates that it presents more endangered qualities than issues to be tackled. Therefore the article focuses on the potential of the housing estate and good practices which can be tracked throughout its lifetime. The paper focuses furthermore on real-life processes, addressing the issue of privatisation, development pressure, formal planning procedures and participatory budgeting. In the conclusion it attempts to interpret the existing spatial structure of the estate as a potential framework for a participatory approach.

Influence of the Regeneration of Large Housing Estates on Sustainable Urban Living Conditions -Benefits or Threats?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-212
Author(s):  
Elham Madadi Kandjani ◽  
Christian Kersten Hofbauer ◽  
Jean Marie Corneille Meuwissen
Keyword(s):  
Living Conditions ◽  
Urban Living ◽  
Large Housing Estates ◽  
Housing Estates

INOVASI FONOLOGIS DENASALISASI DALAM ISOLEK BONAI ULAKPATIAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Yanti Riswara
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Research Findings

The paper is aimed at describing a language variation, that is Ulakpatian Bonai isolect  in Riau Province. This is a kind of historical linguistic study which  is objected to describe a phonological inovation process of denasalisation among nasal phonemes at final positions or at close ultimate sillables in an isolect used by Bonai tribe in Ulakpatian, Rokan Hulu District,  Riau  Province.  Analysis  of  inavation is based on protomalayic (PM)  which  is reconstructed by Adelaar.The research applicates  top-down method of anaysis which are gaining  the  results by deductive process. Data of  this  research are oral  speech of Bonai people  based  on  200  Swadesh  words.  The  data  are  gathered  by  conversational  and listening  methods  which  applied  several  techniques.  The  results  of  the  analysis  are presented by formal and informal methods. The research findings reveal that the language of the tribe shows three kinds of denasalisation of phonological innovation at final position which  have  changed  the  nasal  phonemes  of  *PM  to  unnasal  ones  in  isolek  Bonai Ulakpatian: (*PM > BU) , i.e. 1) PM *n/-# > []/-#, 2) PM *m/-# > [p]/-#, dan 3) PM * /-# > [g]/-#.Abstrak  Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sebuah variasi bahasa, yaitu isolek Bonai Ulakpatian yang terdapat di Provinsi Riau. Kajian ini merupakan kajian linguistik historis yang memaparkan proses inovasi fonologis denasalisasi yang terjadi pada fonem-fonem nasal yang berada pada posisi akhir atau silabe ultima tertutup dalam sebuah isolek yang digunakan oleh suku Bonai di Desa Ulakpatian, Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Analisis inovasi fonologis tersebut didasarkan pada protomalayik (PM) yang direkonstruksi oleh Adelaar. Kajian ini menerapkan mentode analisis top-down yang bersifat deduktif. Data penelitian merupakan data tuturan masyarakat suku Bonai yang mengacu pada 200 kosakata dasar yang dijadikan rujukan dalam penjaringan data kebahasaan. Data dikumpulkan dengan penerapan metode cakap dan metode simak dengan menggunakan teknik pancing dan teknik rekam. Data dideskripsikan secara fonetis dengan simbol IPA. Hasil penelitian disajikan dengan metode formal dan informal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolek Bonai Ulakpatian memiliki tiga bentuk inovasi fonologis denasalisasi pada posisi akhir beberapa fonem nasal *PM menjadi taknasal pada isolek BU (*PM > BU) , yaitu 1) PM *n/-# > []/-#, 2) PM *m/-# > [p]/-#, dan 3) PM * /-# > [g]/-#.

SOCIALIZATION OF US NOVICE ACCOUNTING PROFESSIONALS THROUGH ETHICAL DISCOURSE IN 1931

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane H. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
American Institute ◽  
Linguistic Terms ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Ethical Discourse ◽  
Professional Self

This study applies a qualitative analysis of Fogarty's [1992] application of institutional theory to an individual's socialization in the American public accountancy profession in an historical context. The Ethics of the Profession, a book published by the American Institute of Accountants (AIA) in 1931, is examined to identify the normative, mimetic, and coercive socialization mechanisms embedded within. Both informal and formal code-based ethical discourse is contained in the book. This reflects the AIA's status as one of two competing national professional organizations and the only organization with a promulgated code of conduct. The results indicate use of embedded historical linguistic terms to delineate professional self-image and use of normative and mimetic socialization mechanisms in this effort to instill professional ideals into new entrants to the profession.

Vowel development in young Mandarin-English bilingual children

Phonetica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Formant Frequency ◽  
High Group ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
English Vowels ◽  
Vowel Systems ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
L1 And L2

Abstract This study examined the development of vowel categories in young Mandarin -English bilingual children. The participants included 35 children aged between 3 and 4 years old (15 Mandarin-English bilinguals, six English monolinguals, and 14 Mandarin monolinguals). The bilingual children were divided into two groups: one group had a shorter duration (<1 year) of intensive immersion in English (Bi-low group) and one group had a longer duration (>1 year) of intensive immersion in English (Bi-high group). The participants were recorded producing one list of Mandarin words containing the vowels /a, i, u, y, ɤ/ and/or one list of English words containing the vowels /i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ, u, ʊ, o, ɑ, ʌ/. Formant frequency values were extracted at five equidistant time locations (the 20–35–50–65–80% point) over the course of vowel duration. Cross-language and within-language comparisons were conducted on the midpoint formant values and formant trajectories. The results showed that children in the Bi-low group produced their English vowels into clusters and showed positional deviations from the monolingual targets. However, they maintained the phonetic features of their native vowel sounds well and mainly used an assimilatory process to organize the vowel systems. Children in the Bi-high group separated their English vowels well. They used both assimilatory and dissimilatory processes to construct and refine the two vowel systems. These bilingual children approximated monolingual English children to a better extent than the children in the Bi-low group. However, when compared to the monolingual peers, they demonstrated observable deviations in both L1 and L2.

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