Innovation of Nicolo Paganini as composer-violinist and performance interpretation of his instrumental works

Musical tempo is one of the most important elements of musical language, the expressive meaning of which is determined both by the composer’s idea and the performer’s interpretation. The ambiguity of the author’s tempo designations and the lightness of perception of tempo changes by listeners explain the wide use of variability of tempo interpretations for the implementation of individual performance concepts. The article reveals the role of tempo in forming ideas about composing styles among listeners of different eras, in updating existing performance stereotypes, and reveals the relationship between the historical life of a work and the permissibility of its various tempo incarnations. Specific examples in the aspect of the problem of selecting audio materials for training courses in music-historical and music-theoretical disciplines show the expressive possibilities of musical tempo, its role in transmitting the genre, style, and image of musical works from the point of view of compliance of performing tempo solutions with the composer’s idea and artistic expediency. The possibility of including comparative characteristics of interpretations in the study of music-theoretical disciplines to reveal the diversity of music content is justified.

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Discovering Essential Voices in Johann Sebastian Bach’s Solo Instrumental Suite Movements

10.30535/smtv.6.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Ketter

Keyword(s):

Musical Drama ◽

Instrumental Works ◽

And Performance

This video-article presents the concept of “essential voices” in Bach’s solo instrumental works, which explains how notes can be connected together or implied so as to form continuous musical voices that support the solo part. The contrapuntal lines that essential voices highlight are often repeated in transformed ways within movements to relate different thematic rotations and heighten the musical drama. The video concludes with an analysis and performance of the intriguing Sarabande from J.S. Bach’s Cello Suite No. 5 in C Minor, BWV 1011, accompanied by a four-part setting of essential voices for cello ensemble.

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THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF MUSICAL FOLKLORE PROCESSING IN THE WORKS OF DIASPORA ARTISTS

10.36074/art-sdoud.2020.chapter-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Larysa Duda

Keyword(s):

Classical Method ◽

Folk Songs ◽

Dance Music ◽

Solo Performance ◽

Important Place ◽

Modern Approach ◽

Xxth Century ◽

Ensemble Performance ◽

Instrumental Works ◽

And Performance

The article analyzes the theoretical and practical principles of processing samples of folk music. Musical folklore is transformed in composition and performance, including for bandura, by arrangement and its varieties (harmonization, transposition, arrangement, improvisation, etc.). Musical folklore is an integral part of the bandura’s repertoire, presented in the form of vocal-instrumental and instrumental arrangements, as well as instrumental works for solo and ensemble performance. Authentic, classical and modern methods of music processing, as well as creative (author ‘s) and complex approaches are distinguished. The authentic method is inherent mainly in the art of kobzars-bandurists, who were the authors of dumas, historical and other songs and created them simultaneously with the bandura accompaniment. The classical method has been dominant since the second half of the XXth century up until now. The modern approach occurs mainly from the end of the XXth century. The transformation of folklore samples often consists in changing the genre of the original source, the environment of performance, the functional purpose of the work, the appearance of instrumental bandura accompaniment, the change of group singing into solo performance or vice versa. Genres of Ukrainian musical folklore are widely represented in the art of bandura players in Ukraine and abroad. As a result of the analysis of creativity for a bandura of the second hakf of the XX – beg. XXI centuries, in particular artists of the Ukrainian diaspora, it was found that musical folklore to a greater or lesser extent became the subject of works by L. Haidamaka, O. Herasymenko-Oliinyk, Н. Kytasty, R. Levytsky, V. Mishalow, Y. Oliinyk, P. Potapenko , M. Teliga, Z. Shtokalko and others. It is determined that vocal-instrumental arrangements of folk songs, instrumental arrangements of dance music, as well as instrumental works based on Ukrainian musical folklore, occupy an important place in the work of bandura performers and composers in Ukraine and abroad.

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Transmission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Analysis with the Siemens ELMISKOP 101

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100095509 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 450-451

Author(s):

H. M. Thieringer

Keyword(s):

Objective Lens ◽

Transmission Microscopy ◽

Image Recording ◽

Mode Of Operation ◽

Scanning Transmission ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

And Performance ◽

Convergent Beam ◽

Ray Path ◽

Beam Diffraction

It has repeatedly been show that with conventional electron microscopes very fine electron probes can be produced, therefore allowing various micro-techniques such as micro recording, X-ray microanalysis and convergent beam diffraction. In this paper the function and performance of an SIEMENS ELMISKOP 101 used as a scanning transmission microscope (STEM) is described. This mode of operation has some advantages over the conventional transmission microscopy (CTEM) especially for the observation of thick specimen, in spite of somewhat longer image recording times.Fig.1 shows schematically the ray path and the additional electronics of an ELMISKOP 101 working as a STEM. With a point-cathode, and using condensor I and the objective lens as a demagnifying system, an electron probe with a half-width ob about 25 Å and a typical current of 5.10-11 amp at 100 kV can be obtained in the back focal plane of the objective lens.

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Angular Resolved Electron Spectroscopy with Parallel Recording

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100135459 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 370-371

Author(s):

Huang Min ◽

P.S. Flora ◽

C.J. Harland ◽

J.A. Venables

Keyword(s):

Electron Spectroscopy ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Solid Angle ◽

Detection System ◽

Voltage Electron ◽

Cylindrical Mirror ◽

Inner Radius ◽

Channel Plate ◽

And Performance ◽

Type Detector

A cylindrical mirror analyser (CMA) has been built with a parallel recording detection system. It is being used for angular resolved electron spectroscopy (ARES) within a SEM. The CMA has been optimised for imaging applications; the inner cylinder contains a magnetically focused and scanned, 30kV, SEM electron-optical column. The CMA has a large inner radius (50.8mm) and a large collection solid angle (Ω > 1sterad). An energy resolution (ΔE/E) of 1-2% has been achieved. The design and performance of the combination SEM/CMA instrument has been described previously and the CMA and detector system has been used for low voltage electron spectroscopy. Here we discuss the use of the CMA for ARES and present some preliminary results.The CMA has been designed for an axis-to-ring focus and uses an annular type detector. This detector consists of a channel-plate/YAG/mirror assembly which is optically coupled to either a photomultiplier for spectroscopy or a TV camera for parallel detection.

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Novel epoxy/anhydride alternatives for biological electron microscopy: Physical and performance characteristis of embed 812 and LX 112 in combination with NSA/NMA/DMAE

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100156985 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 1000-1001

Author(s):

Joe A. Mascorro ◽

Gerald S. Kirby

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Succinic Anhydride ◽

Volume Flow Rate ◽

Mass Density ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Volume Flow ◽

Base Resin ◽

And Performance ◽

Acid Anhydrides

Embedding media based upon an epoxy resin of choice and the acid anhydrides dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA), nadic methyl anhydride (NMA), and catalyzed by the tertiary amine 2,4,6-Tri(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (DMP-30) are widely used in biological electron microscopy. These media possess a viscosity character that can impair tissue infiltration, particularly if original Epon 812 is utilized as the base resin. Other resins that are considerably less viscous than Epon 812 now are available as replacements. Likewise, nonenyl succinic anhydride (NSA) and dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) are more fluid than their counterparts DDSA and DMP- 30 commonly used in earlier formulations. This work utilizes novel epoxy and anhydride combinations in order to produce embedding media with desirable flow rate and viscosity parameters that, in turn, would allow the medium to optimally infiltrate tissues. Specifically, embeding media based on EmBed 812 or LX 112 with NSA (in place of DDSA) and DMAE (replacing DMP-30), with NMA remaining constant, are formulated and offered as alternatives for routine biological work.Individual epoxy resins (Table I) or complete embedding media (Tables II-III) were tested for flow rate and viscosity. The novel media were further examined for their ability to infilftrate tissues, polymerize, sectioning and staining character, as well as strength and stability to the electron beam and column vacuum. For physical comparisons, a volume (9 ml) of either resin or media was aspirated into a capillary viscocimeter oriented vertically. The material was then allowed to flow out freely under the influence of gravity and the flow time necessary for the volume to exit was recored (Col B,C; Tables). In addition, the volume flow rate (ml flowing/second; Col D, Tables) was measured. Viscosity (n) could then be determined by using the Hagen-Poiseville relation for laminar flow, n = c.p/Q, where c = a geometric constant from an instrument calibration with water, p = mass density, and Q = volume flow rate. Mass weight and density of the materials were determined as well (Col F,G; Tables). Infiltration schedules utilized were short (1/2 hr 1:1, 3 hrs full resin), intermediate (1/2 hr 1:1, 6 hrs full resin) , or long (1/2 hr 1:1, 6 hrs full resin) in total time. Polymerization schedules ranging from 15 hrs (overnight) through 24, 36, or 48 hrs were tested. Sections demonstrating gold interference colors were collected on unsupported 200- 300 mesh grids and stained sequentially with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

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Trace nanoanalysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100172437 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 940-941

Author(s):

D. E. Newbury ◽

R. D. Leapman

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽

Detection Efficiency ◽

Volume Element ◽

And Performance ◽

Trace Constituents ◽

Secondary Ion ◽

Concentration Levels ◽

Structure Properties

Trace constituents, which can be very loosely defined as those present at concentration levels below 1 percent, often exert influence on structure, properties, and performance far greater than what might be estimated from their proportion alone. Defining the role of trace constituents in the microstructure, or indeed even determining their location, makes great demands on the available array of microanalytical tools. These demands become increasingly more challenging as the dimensions of the volume element to be probed become smaller. For example, a cubic volume element of silicon with an edge dimension of 1 micrometer contains approximately 5×1010 atoms. High performance secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can be used to measure trace constituents to levels of hundreds of parts per billion from such a volume element (e. g., detection of at least 100 atoms to give 10% reproducibility with an overall detection efficiency of 1%, considering ionization, transmission, and counting).

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