scholarly journals Water Deficit Tolerance of Some Pepper Inbred Lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Davut Keleş ◽  
Hasan Pınar ◽  
Atilla Ata ◽  
Mustafa Bircan ◽  
Zeki Karipçin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Growth Selection

Water deficit is one of the main limiting factors affecting plant growth. Selection in water-limited environments can result in populations or species with improved response to drought. Water deficit decreases yield and quality, therefore, it is important to identify genotypes that are tolerant to deficit irrigation conditions. In this study, the water-deficit tolerance of 59 pepper-inbred lines was determined. Experiments were conducted in a growth chamber and under field conditions (Şanlıurfa) with a control (100% full-irrigation) and water-deficit treatment (50% irrigation). Fruit weight, fruit length and number of fruits were recorded. Pepper lines 1900, 896 A-W, 74, 760, 1560-W, 912 A-W, 405-A, 953-W, 226, 1105-W and 441 were identified as the most tolerant to water deficit conditions. Present findings revealed that these pepper lines could be used to develop cultivars that have satisfactory yield under water deficit conditions.

scholarly journals Potato Growth, Photosynthesis, Yield, and Quality Response to Regulated Deficit Drip Irrigation under Film Mulching in A Cold and Arid Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuqiang Li ◽  
Haoliang Deng ◽  
Yucai Wang ◽  
Xuan Li ◽  
Xietian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Arid Northwestern China ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Potato Growth

Abstract The effects of the amount and timing of regulated deficit drip irrigation under plastic film on potato (‘Qingshu 168’) growth, photosynthesis, yield, water use efficiency, and quality were examined from 2017 to 2019 in cold and arid northwestern China. A two-factor randomized design was used with two levels of regulated deficit irrigation (mild, moderate) applied in four stages of potato growth (seedling, tuber initiation, tuber bulking, starch accumulation). Growth and photosynthetic parameters were determined in each growth stage, and yield and quality were measured after harvest. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate decreased significantly under water deficit in the tuber formation and starch accumulation stages, and the decreases were greater with moderate than mild water deficit. Although water deficit reduced potato yields, potato subjected to mild water deficit in the seedling stage had the highest yield at 43,961.91 kg·ha−1, followed by those subjected to mild water deficit in the starch accumulation stage at 42,262.25 kg·ha−1, which were decreases of only 4.50% and 8.19%, respectively, compared with potato under full irrigation. The highest water use efficiency was in potatoes subjected to mild water deficit in the seedling stage (8.67 kg·m−3), with the second highest in those subjected to moderate water deficit in the seedling stage (8.28 kg·m−3), which were significant improvements by 10.87% and 5.84%, respectively, compared with full irrigation. The highest overall quality was in potatoes subjected to mild and moderate water deficit in the seedling stage. The starch content in potatoes with mild water deficit in the seedling stage increased by 3.34% compared with that under full irrigation. In addition, the protein and vitamin C contents in potatoes under moderate water deficit increased significantly by 0.77% and 21.59%, respectively, compared with the contents under full irrigation. Principal component analysis identified mild water stress in the seedling stage as the optimum regulated deficit irrigation regime for potato. Thus, the relative soil water content should be maintained at 55% to 65% of field capacity in the seedling stage but at 65% to 75% in the other growth stages. The results of this study provide theoretical and technical references for efficient water-saving cultivation and industrialization of potato in cold and arid northwestern China.

Chloride and amino acids are associated with K+-alleviated drought stress in tea (Camellia sinesis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianchen Zhang ◽  
Honghong Wu ◽  
Jingguang Chen ◽  
Linmu Chen ◽  
Xiaochun Wan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Tea Plants

Drought is one of the main limiting factors affecting tea plant yield and quality. Previous studies have reported that K+ (potassium) application significantly alleviated drought-induced damage in tea plants. However, the intrinsic mechanisms underlying K+-alleviated drought stress are still obscure. In our study, two contrasting varieties, Taicha12 (drought tolerant) and Fuyun6 (drought sensitive), were used to investigate the intrinsic mechanisms behind K+-alleviated drought stress in tea plants. In the present study, we compared with the case of tea plants under drought: higher water and chlorophyll contents were found in drought-stressed tea plants with an external K+ supply, confirming the role of externally supplied K+ in mitigating drought stress. We also found that an adequate K+ supply promoted Cl– accumulation in the mesophyll of Taicha12 (drought tolerant) over that of in Fuyun6 (drought sensitive). Moreover, Gly, Cys, Lys and Arg were not detected in Fuyun6 under ‘Drought’ or ‘Drought + K+’ conditions. Results showed that an exogenous supply of Arg and Val significantly alleviated drought-induced damage in Fuyun6, suggesting their role in K+-alleviated drought stress in tea plants. Collectively, our results show that chloride and amino acids are important components associated with K+-alleviated drought stress in tea plants.

scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation and Fertigation on Yield and Quality Parameters of ’Gala‘ and ’Fuji‘ Apple

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1183-1190
Author(s):  
Vladimír Mašán ◽  
Patrik Burg ◽  
Alice Čížková ◽  
Jaromír Skoupil ◽  
Pavel Zemánek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Significant Deficit ◽  
Fuji Apple ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fruit Diameter

The climate change and growing production of crops increase the demand for the water and the efficient use of water in agriculture becomes more critical. This experiment presents the results of research in the orchard with different irrigation programs and fertigation on yield and quality parameters of the ’Gala‘ and ’Fuji‘ apple tree. Three irrigation programs were applied IR + F – full irrigation with fertigation; IR – full irrigation without fertigation; NON‑IR – non‑irrigation, only natural precipitations. There were no differences observed among these three irrigation programs for tree diameter, sugar content, starch content and fruits firmness (P < 0.05). Significant deficit of water was in program IR and NON‑IR, at the length of annual growth, where the reduction was from from 680 mm to 440 mm at the ‘GALA’ variety. Statistically important differences between the irrigation variants were found out at the variety ‘Fuji’, in parametres yield, fruit weight and fruit diameter. Between programs IR + F and NON‑IR was the difference of fruit weight 25.6 g (14.3 %) and of fruit diameter 4.5 mm (5.8 %).

Effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Processing Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 2009-2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Mei Wang ◽  
Heng Jia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Irrigated Crops ◽  
Use Efficiency

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of processing tomato in an arid climate. The results showed that crop yields of processing tomato were significantly (p<0.05) 11.0%~60.0% higher in the fully irrigated plots than RDI treatments except that subject to low level of RDI at seedling. When subject to RDI fruit number per plant, fruit weight, fruit longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter were the main components contributing to yield increase of processing tomato, while decayed fruit number was the key factor restraining tomato yield improvement. The WUE of processing tomato was significantly improved by 13.4% in RDI plants subject to low water deficit at seedling compared to full irrigation, but no difference (p>0.05) existed between fully irrigated crops and RDI plants subject to water deficit at seedling or late fruiting. However, in comparison with fully irrigated crops WUE was significantly reduced by 16.3%~23.3% in RDI plants subject to water deficits respectively at flowering and full fruiting as well as subject to high water deficit at late fruiting. Therefore, low level of RDI at seedling while full irrigation during flowering to late fruiting could be applied to effectively improve yield and WUE of processing tomato in arid areas.

scholarly journals Effect of Drought, Nitrogen Fertilization, Temperature, and Photoperiodicity on Quinoa Plant Growth and Development in the Sahel

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvar-Beltrán ◽  
Dao ◽  
Marta ◽  
Saturnin ◽  
Casini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Four Levels

Drought, heat stress, and unfavorable soil conditions are key abiotic factors affecting quinoa’s growth and development. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of progressive drought and N-fertilization reduction on short-cycle varieties of quinoa (c.v. Titicaca) for different sowing dates during the dry season (from October to December). A two-year experimentation (2017–2018 and 2018–2019) was carried out in Burkina Faso with four levels of irrigation (full irrigation—FI, progressive drought—PD, deficit irrigation—DI and extreme deficit irrigation—EDI) and four levels of N-fertilization (100, 50, 25, and 0 kg N ha−1). Plant phenology and development, just like crop outputs in the form of yield, biomass, and quality of the seeds were evaluated for different sowing dates having different temperature ranges and photoperiodicity. Crop water productivity (CWP) function was used for examining plant’s water use efficiency under drought stress conditions. Emerging findings have shown that CWP was highest under DI and PD (0.683 and 0.576 kg m−3, respectively), while highest yields were observed in 2017–2018 under PD and its interaction with 25 to 50 kg N ha−1 (1356 and 1110 kg ha−1, respectively). Mean temperatures close to 25 °C were suitable for optimal plant growth, while extreme temperatures at anthesis limited the production of grains. Small changes in photoperiodicity from different sowing dates were not critical for plant growth.

scholarly journals Modeling the Relationship of Tomato Yield Parameters with Deficit Irrigation at Different Growth Stages

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1492-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuelian Jiang ◽  
Yueling Zhao ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Sheng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 to investigate quantitative relationships between tomato yield parameters and deficit irrigation at different growth stages. Tomato plants received one of three irrigation treatments (full irrigation, 2/3, and 1/3 full irrigation) at flowering and fruit development (stage 2) and at fruit maturation (stage 3); no deficit irrigation treatments were applied at stage 1 during either season. We used linear regression to investigate how well the yield parameters such as whole-plant yield (Y), single-fruit weight (y), fruit diameter (D), and length (L) were correlated with seasonal evapotranspiration (ET) under different deficit irrigation treatments. Six water–yield models (Blank, Jensen, Singh, Stewart, Minhas, and Rao models) were used to predict the tomato yield parameters with deficit irrigation at different growth stages. The results showed that deficit irrigation at each growth stage significantly decreased ET, Y, y, L, and D, but not T1 (2/3 full irrigation at flowering and fruit development). T1 produced higher water use efficiency (WUE) with no significant decrease in yield parameters, indicating that an acceptable balance between high WUE and yield can be obtained with an appropriate water deficit at stage 2. Relative Y, y, D, and L increased linearly as relative seasonal ET increased. Water deficit sensitivity indexes calculated by the six different water–yield models showed that Y, y, D, and L were more sensitive to water deficit at stage 2 than at stage 3. The values of Y calculated by the Minhas and Singh models were similar to the observed values. The Minhas model provided good estimates of L and D, and the Blank model is recommended for calculating y when there is a water deficit at different growth stages. The water–yield models can be used to optimize irrigation water management and provide a sound basis for efficient tomato production.

scholarly journals Limitations in photosynthesis of sugar beets under water deficit and rehydration conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Li ◽  
Cong Fei ◽  
Jixia Su ◽  
Ningning Liu ◽  
Fuyu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Saturation Point ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Leaf Anatomical Structure ◽  
Stomatal Limitations

Abstract Background: Limiting factors in photosynthesis includes stomatal limitations, mesophyll limitations, and biochemical limitations, and mesophyll limitations are the leading limiting factors in photosynthesis as shown by many studies. Mesophyll conductance (gm) exerts significant influences on the photosynthetic capacity of crops, playing a decisive role in mesophyll limitations. The limiting factors in photosynthesis for many crops under water deficit and rehydration conditions have been studied, but few studies of this kind on sugar beet can be found. Results: Our study aimed to analyze the dynamic changes of mesophyll limitations, stomatal limitations, and biochemical limitations by examining the influences of water deficit and rehydration on photosynthetic characteristics, electron transport, and leaf anatomical structure. According to the analysis on photosynthetic characteristics, severe deficit irrigation treatment significantly decreased photosynthesis rate, light saturation point, and CO2 saturation point. After rehydration, there was no difference in photosynthetic characteristics between the well irrigated sugar beets and the ones with severe deficit irrigation treatment. The analysis on leaf anatomical structure found that sugar beets dealt with water deficit by increasing leaf (mesophyll) thickness, and the severe deficit irrigation treatment significantly decreased the number of chloroplasts without influencing each one in terms of shape and cross-section area. No significant influence of water deficit was found on the electron transport rate (Jflu) of sugar beets during the process of CO2 assimilation. Conclusions: Therefore, deficit irrigation treatments cannot significantly influence photosynthetic assimilation of sugar beets. The analysis of limitations in photosynthesis showed that the stomatal and biochemical limitations increased while the mesophyll limitations decreased when sugar beets were under water deficit; however, the stomatal and biochemical limitations decreased while the mesophyll limitations increased after rehydration. The photosynthesis of sugar beets was mainly influenced by mesophyll limitations, and the limiting factors changed significantly only for severe deficit irrigation treatment.

scholarly journals Study of water deficit conditions and beneficial microbes on the oil quality and agronomic traits of canola (Brassica napus L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
H. Keshavarz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Oil Percentage

Water deficit stress is one of the major limiting factors that adversely affect plant growth and yield production. Some rhizosphere bacteria are known to promote plant growth in such stressful conditions. To study the response of quantifying canola growth, yield and yield components, to root colonization by two spe­cies of mycorrhizal fungi, a two-year field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Zanjan University. The main plot conditions were irrigation at 85% (S1), 70% (S2) and 55% (S3) of field capacity which were defined as no stress, mild and severe stress. The subplot treatments included three levels of mycorrhizal inoculation: non inoculation (control), G. Mosseae and G. Intraradices. The results showed that regardless of water deficit stress, colonized plants produced more biomass, seed and oil yield than non inoculated plants. Water deficit stress reduced the RWC and oil percentage of the seeds, although mycorrhizal improved these traits. Water deficit strikingly decreased the linoleic acid content in the seeds in contrast with increased stearic, oleic, arachidic and linolenic acids in the canola seeds. The presence of bacteria increased the seed oil percentage, oleic and linoleic contents. However, it decreased arachidic, particularly when the plants were subjected to water deficit stress.

scholarly journals Induction of flowering and improvement of fruit yield and quality in pomegranate (Punica granatum) cv. Bhagwa by various plant growth regulators

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Firoz S. ◽  
B.N.S . Murthy ◽  
M.L.N. Reddy ◽  
J. Satisha ◽  
K K Upreti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Yield And Quality

The effect of different plant growth regulators on flowering, fruiting, yield, and quality of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Bhagwa was studied in a field trial at ICAR - Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bengaluru, during two seasons, namely ambe bahar (January–February) 2016 and hastha bahar (September–October) 2016-17. Nitrobenzene (NB) 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ml plant-1, Cycocel (CCC)  500, 1000, and 1500 ppm plant-1, Uracil  25 and 50 ppm plant-1, CCC  1000 ppm + Uracil  25 ppm plant-1, CCC  1500 ppm + Uracil  50 ppm plant-1, and Control were among the eleven treatments studied. The application of uracil  50 ppm plant-1 resulted in a higher number of hermaphrodite flowers plant-1 (264.7), number of fruits plant-1 (154.0), and fruit yield (27.1 kg/plant). Fruit weight (197.6 g), fruit length (6.64 cm), total aril weight (113.63 g), 100 aril weight (27.18 g), fruit juice weight (101.94 g), TSS content (19.96 OB), fruit anthocyanin content (6.46 mg 100 g) and low titrable acidity (0.41 percent) were recorded when CCC  1000 ppm + Uracil  25 ppm plant-1 was applied. During ambe bahar, the highest fruit width (6.90 cm) and volume (162.7 ml) were observed with CCC  1000 ppm and 1500 ppm plant-1, respectively. During hastha bahar, CCC  1500 ppm plant-1 resulted in a higher number of hermaphrodite flowers (287.8), the highest percentage of fruit set (86.10), the highest number of fruits plant-1 (156.66), the highest fruit yield (54.53 kg plant-1), the highest fruit weight (348.32 g), the longest fruit length (8.53 cm), and the largest fruit volume (8.53 cm) (33.93 ml), total aril weight (224.01 g), 100 aril weight (35.09 g), fruit juice weight (119.40 g) and TSS content (16.00 OB). A foliar spray of nitrobenzene  1.5 ml plant-1 compounded the high fruit anthocyanin content (6.47 mg 100g-1). As a result of the research, it can be concluded that CCC  1000 ppm + Uracil  25 ppm plant-1and CCC  1500 ppm plant-1were the most effective treatments for improving floral characters, fruiting, yield, and quality in pomegranate cv. Bhagwa during both seasons.

scholarly journals Effects of Dual/Threefold Rootstock Grafting on the Plant Growth, Yield and Quality of Watermelon

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoguo QIN ◽  
Cuiqin YANG ◽  
Jialong XIA ◽  
Jing HE ◽  
Xiaoli MA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Plot Yield

To test the feasibility of multi-rootstock grafting, bottle gourd and pumpkin were used as rootstocks in a comparative analysis of the effects of single, dual, and threefold rootstock grafting on the plant growth, fruit yield, and quality of watermelon. Results showed that different grafts have significant effects on the abovementioned properties. The appropriate dual/threefold rootstock grafting allowed for higher survival rates. The combined rootstock of bottle gourd and pumpkin can enhance the plant growth potential and lower the incidence of wilt. The single fruit weight of the grafted plants with a combined rootstock from bottle gourd and pumpkin was the median of the weights obtained with the pumpkin rootstock and the bottle gourd rootstock. The plot yield of grafted plants with a pumpkin rootstock was higher than that of the plants with a bottle gourd rootstock. The low soluble solids content of the fruit grafted with a pumpkin rootstock had relatively high acidity, which could be improved by adding bottle gourd to the rootstock. The vitamin C content of the grafted fruit from the combined bottle gourd and pumpkin rootstock was higher than that of plants grafted with either bottle gourd or pumpkin alone. The subsequent analysis showed that the combined rootstock of bottle gourd and pumpkin has significant or extremely significant interaction effects on the stem diameter, number of leaves, single fruit weight, plot yield, and fruit vitamin C content of the grafted watermelon plants, which probably led to the higher related index values of some of grafting combinations.

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