scholarly journals Challenges of Melon Processing Among Women Processors in Enugu-Ezike Agricultural Zone of Enugu State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2421-2425
Author(s):  
Angela Ebere Obetta ◽  
Ridwan Mukaila ◽  
Ogochukwu Gabriella Onah ◽  
Chukwuemeka Chiebonam Onyia
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Processing Machine ◽  
Cooperative Society ◽  
High Transportation Cost ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Storage Facilities

Processing of melon plays a significant role in the livelihood of rural women as it serves as their major occupation. Despite its significant role, the women processors were faced with some challenges. This study, therefore, identified the challenges faced by women in melon processing in Enugu-Ezike Agricultural Zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 80 respondents using a structured questionnaire coupled with an interview schedule and analysed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the majority of the women processors were advanced in age, well experienced, do not belong to a cooperative society, and relied strictly on processing melon as their source of livelihood. They had an average income of N286,400 (USD 751.71) per annum. Low capital, poor credit facilities, high transportation cost, price fluctuation, rapid deterioration, low supply of melon, poor storage facilities, high cost of processing machine, and breakage of seed were the identified constraints facing them. The study recommended that the women processors should form a cooperative society which will help in financing and easy marketing of their products. Also, the government should provide financial assistance, good storage facilities, and subsidized melon processing machine to increase efficiency.

scholarly journals Marketing Analysis of Vegetables: The Case of Carrot and Cucumber Marketing in Enugu State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-351
Author(s):  
Ridwan Mukaila ◽  
Angela Ebere Obetta ◽  
Festus EluwandeDurojaye Awoyelu ◽  
Chinedum Jachinma Chiemela ◽  
Anthony Onyedika Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
Cooperative Society ◽  
Marketing Function ◽  
High Transportation Cost ◽  
Marketing Analysis ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Marketing Margins

Agricultural marketing plays a vital role in economic development and livelihood of people in developing countries. Marketing of agricultural products which provide income to most farmers and marketers in Nigeria has been characterised with a lot of deficiencies which have constrained sustainable development and economic growth. This study, therefore, analysed carrot and cucumber marketing including constraints to their effective marketing in Enugu State, Nigeria. Data collected, primarily, were analysed using descriptive statistics, marketing margin and Likert type rating technique. The result shows that vegetable marketing was dominated by females (65%) who were still in their economically active age and did not belong to a cooperative society. Half of them perform a retail marketing function, 30% perform both retail and wholesale functions while 20% perform wholesale function. Vegetable marketing contributed to marketers’ income by providing N25,667.7 (USD 66.93) per month on average. The marketing margins were 26.30% and 20.18% for cucumber and carrot, respectively. The high cost of shop rent, high transportation cost, low capital, price fluctuation, poor credit facilities and a low supply of vegetables due to seasonal variation were the major constraints faced by vegetable marketers. Vegetable marketers, therefore, need support by providing affordable credit facilities and building of modern market stalls by the government. This would give them a conducive and hygienic environment. Also, vegetable marketers should form a cooperative society where they can pool resources and get financial assistance. This would lead to efficient marketing of the product.

scholarly journals ANALISIS BIAYA OPERASIONAL KENDARAAN, ABILITY TO PAY DAN WILLINGNESS TO PAY UNTUK PENENTUAN TARIF BUS TRANS KOETARADJA KORIDOR III

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Erlinawati Jalil ◽  
Renni Anggraini ◽  
Sugiarto Sugiarto
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Ability To Pay ◽  
Student College ◽  
The Government

The Government of Aceh through the Department of Transportation develop the transportation system, especially in the means of transportation one of them improve the urban transport system with the mass transit system that is Trans Koetaradja of 6 (six) corridors. Trans Koetaradja transportation is carefully planned so that it has the same direction and destination point and is bound to a predetermined schedule by using transportation cost concept which regulates fare setting so as to provide services for mutual interest, safe, fast, convenient and cheap. This research is conducted to determine the fare of Trans Koetaradja based on vehicle operational cost (VOC), Ability To Pay and Willingness To Pay from its passenger. Primary data were obtained from interviews and field surveys using state preference method in public and student respondents around Corridor III. Sampling was conducted in stratified random sampling to household (home interview survey) with total sample amounted to 110 samples. Data analysis was done by using 3 (three) method of DEPHUB method to calculate VOC, Household Budget Method to get Ability To Pay (ATP) value and perception method to get Willingness To Pay (WTP) value. The results of  this study obtained the fare for corridor III based on VOC was Rp. 5,900.00, the general public ATP was Rp. 5,400.00 and student/college student was Rp. 5,200.00, public WTP was Rp. 3.000.00,  and student/college student was Rp. 2,800.00

scholarly journals A Study on Production and Marketing Constraints of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Growers in Bishnupur District of Manipur

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Kenjit Tongbram ◽  
Y. Chakrabarty Singh ◽  
Oinam Krishnadas Singh
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Cost ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
Regulated Markets ◽  
High Transportation Cost ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Ranking Technique ◽  
Technical Guidance

The study was conducted to analyze the production and marketing constraints of French beans in the Bishnupur district of Manipur. The primary data was collected through a personal interview technique from 100 respondent farmers. Garrett's ranking technique was used for the analysis. Higher cost of labor, pesticide and fertilizer, inadequate irrigation facilities, high seed cost, non-availability of labor, credit, and seed on time, and lack of technical guidance and credit facilities were the main constraint’s found during the production.  In case of marketing constraints, price fluctuation high perishability of the produce,  high transportation cost and lack of transportation and storage facilities, presence of an exploitative middleman,  bandhs and strikes, untimely payment of sale, lack of price and market information, and absence of regulated markets were the major constraints. These constraints are giving huge hindrances to the farmers during the production and marketing and hence proper remedies should be imposed so that the production and marketing of this particular crop can be improved efficiently.

scholarly journals Rural Electrification and Profitability among Rural Women - Owned Microenterprises in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Emilia Olanrewaju ◽  
Olumuyiwa Olanrewaju
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Rural Electrification ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance

In most developing countries, higher numbers of women depend on microenterprise for survival, and access to electricity supply is considered to be vital to the operations of microenterprise businesses. Despite the significance of rural electrification, microenterprises are still battling with a lack of quality and stable electricity supply. To this end, this study analyzed the effect of grid electricity supply on the profitability of microenterprise among rural women. Primary data were used for this study. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Probit model, and the ordinary least square (OLS) method. The result shows that hairdressing (16.8%) is the most common form of businesses followed by tailoring (14.1%), oil palm processing (12.4%), grain milling (7.9%), traditional birth attendants and retail shop (7.1%). Also, the result reveals that age, years of schooling, connection charge, enterprise share of electricity bill with household, and duration of power outage supported the adoption of electricity service among microenterprise owners. The study further shows that the billing method of electricity supply negatively affects the profitability of microenterprise. On the other hand, grid electricity adoption, years spent in business, duration of power supply, and expenditure on alternative sources of energy significantly have a positive impact on the profitability of microenterprise. The study, therefore, recommends that the Government should intensify action in providing rural communities with reliable and affordable electricity services, which is one of the indispensable tools in microenterprises establishment, expansion, and performance.

scholarly journals A Study on Performance of Regulated Markets in Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
S. Surender ◽  
P. Balaji ◽  
K. R. Ashok
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Bill ◽  
Regulated Markets ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
High Transportation Cost ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
The Brain

The aim of the paper is to study the performance of regulated markets in TamilNadu . Regulated markets are essential for regulating and monitoring the financial and economic system thereby reducing market charges and providing facilities to producers and sellers in the market. At present in Tamil Nadu 284 regulated markets are functioning under 23 market committees to ensure fair prices to farmers produce. The primary data were collected by structured questionnaire to study the constraints faced by the farmers in regulated market and also the brain storming session were conducted between market committee, farmers, traders, FPO’s(Farmer Producer Organisation), etc.. to improve the efficiency of regulated market. The secondary data were collected from District market committees. The tools used in this study are Percentage analysis and Garett ranking method. The results shows that nearly 80 to 90 percent of Market fee collected outside, for the sale and purchase of notified agricultural produce would be affected due to the farm bill 2020 and this problems can be fairly rectified by some alternative measures or models in which market shops construction, Primary processing centres, etc.. will improve the performance of the regulated market. The major constraints faced by the farmers was high transportation cost.

Micro-entrepreneurship Development in the Handloom Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhabesh Hazarika ◽  
Kishor Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Past History ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
The Government

Women entrepreneurship is gaining importance all over the world for addressing the development issues of women. Since the inception of the five-year plans, the Government of India has been giving attention towards mitigating the development issues of women such as labour force participation, empowerment, education and gender inequality. Women-owned micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are contributing significantly towards the economic development of the nation through employment and income generation, poverty eradication, and by bringing entrepreneurial diversity in the economic activities. The handloom industry offers an appropriate setting to analyse the significance of the rural women-owned micro-enterprises towards local economic development. With archaic hand-operated looms, the production mechanism takes place mostly in the rural areas. The present article analyses the factors that affect tribal women to own a handloom micro-enterprise. It is based on primary data collected at firm level from two major tribes in Assam, namely Bodo and Mising. The data were collected from five different districts in Assam where tribal communities are operating handloom businesses. Within the framework of random utility model of economic choice, the findings of the probit model show that age, knowing other handloom micro-entrepreneurs, past history of family business, access to borrowing and risk-taking behaviour have significant and positive influences on the decision of a woman in becoming a handloom micro-entrepreneur. The study suggests for an all-inclusive policy approach for the overall development of handloom industry in the tribal areas.

scholarly journals Economics of piggery enterprise in Nigeria: A case study of Udi Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
N.A. Onyekuru ◽  
I.C. Ukwuaba ◽  
E.O. Aka
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
The Government

The study examined the economics of pig enterprise in Udi Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Despite the economic leverage and  nutritional advantages of pig, its production still remains the least when compared to other livestock sub-sector. The study specifically described the socioeconomics characteristics of pig farmers, examined the factors influencing revenue from pig production, estimated the costs and returns in pig production and examined the problems faced by pig farmers in the area. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used in the selection of 60 farmers for the study. Primary data were collected from the selected farmers with the aid of structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, net income and multiple regression models. Results showed that majority of the respondents (85%) were male, married (81.7%), literate (100%) with mean age and household size of 48 years and five persons, respectively. Majority (88.3%) of the respondents sourced their capital from personal savings and 95% of them had crossed breeds of pigs. The determinants of net income from pig production were  education (−0.271), cost of feed (0.687) and cost of labour (0.329). The profitability and the viability of piggery enterprise in the study area were shown by the gross margin, net farm income and the return on investment of ₦824,395.30 ($2,269.56), N747,797.42 ($2,058.69) and 0.84 (84%),  respectively. Huge capital required for the investment, inadequate extension education, high cost of feed, diseases and parasite infestation, poor farm management, high cost of veterinary services, insufficient credit facilities and subsidies, and infant mortality and cannibalism were the major constraints faced by the farmers in the piggery enterprise. The study recommends that the government and other relevant agencies should provide subsidies and make credit facilities available and accessible to pig farmers in the study area. Key words: pig production, enterprise, gross margin, profitability, Nigeria

scholarly journals Marketing Problems Faced by the Tapioca Cultivators in Tamilnadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 7148-7151
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Price Fluctuation ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Regulated Markets ◽  
High Transportation Cost ◽  
The Government ◽  
Marketing Problems

Agriculture is the most important in the Indian economy. The Indian farmer has shown wonderful, response to the new technological innovation in agriculture. In the agricultural sectors, tapioca plays a important role tapioca in generally referred to as “Starch Flour” and its cultivation and marketing givers employment to thousands of people apart from earning foreign exchange for the country. The cultivators face number of problems on the marketing front tapioca like seed procurement, innocent of farmers, financing problems, high transportation cost, and price fluctuation. So that it is recommended co-operative bank and co-operative organisation is regulated markets shall Come forward to establish their storage houses in villages and also loan offered by rural bank and co-operative bank. Again it is also suggested that the government shall come forward to construct public warehouses. . It the above suggestions are duly carried out by the parties concerned, the Tapioca production would go up, giving employment to more than lakhs of people. It would also result in effective marketing giving the legitimate share to the growers

Klasifikasi Tahap Kematangan Pisang Ambon Berdasarkan Warna Menggunakan Naive Bayes

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Yulianto ◽  
Retno Nugroho Whidhiasih ◽  
Maimunah Maimunah
Keyword(s):  
Naive Bayes ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Naïve Bayes ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Bayes Method ◽  
Classification Image ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACT   Banana fruit is a commodity that contributes a great value to both national and international fruit production achievement. The government through the National Standardization Agency establishes standards to maintain the quality of bananas. The purpose of this Project is to classify the stages of maturity of Ambon banana base on the color index using Naïve Bayes method in accordance with the regulations of SNI 7422:2009. Naive Bayes is used as a method in the classification process by comparing the probability values generated from the variable value of each model to determine the stage of Ambon banana maturity. The data used is the primary data image of 105 pieces of Ambon banana. By using 3 models which consists of different variables obtained the same greatest average accuracy by using the 2nd model which has 9 variable values (r, g, b, v, * a, * b, entropy, energy, and homogeneity) and the 3rd model has 7 variable values (r, g, b, v , * a, entropy and homogeneity) that is 90.48%.   Keywords: banana maturity, classification, image processing     ABSTRAK   Buah pisang merupakan komoditas yang memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap angka produksi buah nasional maupun internasional. Pemerintah melalui Badan Standarisasi Nasional menetapkan standar untuk buah pisang, menjaga mutu  buah pisang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah klasifikasi tahapan kematangan dari buah pisang ambon berdasarkan indeks warna menggunakan metode Naïve Bayes  sesuai dengan SNI 7422:2009. Naive bayes digunakan sebagai metode dalam proses pengklasifikasian dengan cara membandingkan nilai probabilitas yang dihasilkan dari nilai variabel penduga setiap model untuk menentukan tahap kematangan pisang ambon. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer citra pisang ambon sebanyak 105. Dengan menggunakan 3 buah model yang terdiri dari variabel penduga yang berbeda didapatkan akurasi rata-rata terbesar yang sama yaitu dengan menggunakan model ke-2 yang mempunyai 9 nilai variabel (r, g, b, v, *a, *b, entropi, energi, dan homogenitas) dan model ke-3 yang mempunyai 7 nilai variabel (r, g, b, v, *a, entropi dan homogenitas) yaitu sebesar 90.48%.   Kata Kunci : kematangan pisang,  klasifikasi, pengolahan citra

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TAX COMPLIANCE TERHADAP PENYAMPAIAN SPT TAHUNAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Mela Cyntia Sani ◽  
Khuznatul Zulfa Wafirotin ◽  
Ika Farida Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Online Systems ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
The Government

Individual Taxpayers (WPOP) experience problems every year due to difficulties in filling out SPT. The Directorate General of Taxes issued a new policy in providing easy Notification Services (SPT) using online systems namely e-Filling and e-SPT. The policy taken by the government turned out that there were still many obstacles faced by the KPP Pratama Ponorogo Tax Office regarding ponorogo's lack of understanding related to filling out SPT manually or online using e-SPT and e-Felling. So that this certainly can make taxpayers object to the submission of Annual Tax Returns, especially in terms of calculating the tax payable which must be calculated on its own. Data collection is done by using primary data in the form of questionnaires. The samples processed in this study were 100 respondents who were distributed to individual taxpayers registered at KPP Pratama Ponorogo. Data analysis method uses validity test and reliability test, hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the awareness of taxpayers, taxpayer intentions, taxpayer attitudes, subjective norms, behavioral control and ease of tax return filling process affect Tax Compliance (tax compliance) submission of Annual Tax Returns. This is because taxpayers know, understand and implement taxation provisions correctly and voluntarily so as to increase taxpayer compliance in fulfilling their obligations and are willing to report taxes with their own awareness.

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