scholarly journals Sitotoksik Analizlerin Su Kalitesi Değerlendirmeleri Üzerine Etkinliğinin Belirlenmesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Nuray Emin ◽  
Ekrem Mutlu ◽  
Ayşegül Emin Güzel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies

In the studies carried out by us, IC50 value of water was determined by using mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cell lines in in vitro cultures and positive and negative effect doses on the cells were determined. Depending on the results obtained, the effects on the whole organism, if necessary, can be examined in vivo on subjects. For this purpose, young wistar rats are divided into experimental groups (experimental and control) and their water needs are met with water samples obtained from the study area for 3 to 6 months. Blood and urine samples were taken from the subjects in each group at certain time points and the changes were recorded by analyzing the routine biochemistry and hemogram. In addition, the subjects in the sampling are sacrificed at monthly intervals and general examination of endogenous tissues are performed and liver, kidney and heart tissue samples are taken for histological and chemical analyzes. Some of the tissue samples are homogenized using a microwave and changes in elemental content are determined by ICP_OES. The other part is fixed in 10% formaldehyde and then 5 µm thin sections are examined histopathologically according to freeze sectioning method. These studies showed that although the known methods used in water analysis are very valuable, the water quality study carried out by cytotoxic analysis method provides reliability in terms of observing the direct effects of water quality on living tissue. In the present study, in vitro cytotoxicity studies for water samples taken from İncesu Basin are given as examples because of their striking results. Based on the obtained results, it is suggested that in vitro cytotoxicity tests should be added to routine water quality analyzes.

Polymeric/Inorganic Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Simultaneous Drug Delivery and Visualization

2010 ◽  
Vol 1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Fornara ◽  
Alberto Recalenda ◽  
Jian Qin ◽  
Abhilash Sugunan ◽  
Fei Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Gold Nanorods ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Multifunctional Nanoparticles ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies

AbstractNanoparticles consisting of different biocompatible materials are attracting a lot of interest in the biomedical area as useful tools for drug delivery, photo-therapy and contrast enhancement agents in MRI, fluorescence and confocal microscopy. This work mainly focuses on the synthesis of polymeric/inorganic multifunctional nanoparticles (PIMN) based on biocompatible di-block copolymer poly(L,L-lactide-co-ethylene glycol) (PLLA-PEG) via an emulsion-evaporation method. Besides containing a hydrophobic drug (Indomethacin), these polymeric nanoparticles incorporate different visualization agents such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) and fluorescent Quantum Dots (QDs) that are used as contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and fluorescence microscopy together. Gold Nanorods are also incorporated in such nanostructures to allow simultaneous visualization and photodynamic therapy. MRI studies are performed with different loading of SPION into PIMN, showing an enhancement in T2 contrast superior to commercial contrast agents. Core-shell QDs absorption and emission spectra are recorded before and after their loading into PIMN. With these polymeric/inorganic multifunctional nanoparticles, both MRI visualization and confocal fluorescence microscopy studies can be performed. Gold nanorods are also synthesized and incorporated into PIMN without changing their longitudinal absorption peak usable for lased excitation and phototherapy. In-vitro cytotoxicity studies have also been performed to confirm the low cytotoxicity of PIMN for further in-vivo studies.

scholarly journals Serotherapy of B-cell neoplasms with anti-B4-blocked ricin: a phase I trial of daily bolus infusion

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Grossbard ◽  
AS Freedman ◽  
J Ritz ◽  
F Coral ◽  
VS Goldmacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Bolus Infusion ◽  
Protein Toxin ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
Ricin A

Anti-B4-blocked Ricin (Anti-B4-bR) is an immunotoxin comprised of the anti-B4 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) and the protein toxin “blocked ricin.” The anti-B4 MoAb is directed against the B-lineage-restricted CD19 antigen expressed on more than 95% of normal and neoplastic B cells. Blocked ricin is an altered ricin derivative that has its nonspecific binding eliminated by chemically blocking the galactose binding domains of the B chain. In vitro cytotoxicity studies demonstrate that the IC37 of Anti-B4-bR is 2 x 10(-11) mol/L compared with 4 x 10(-12) mol/L for native ricin. A phase I dose escalation clinical trial was conducted in 25 patients with refractory B-cell malignancies. Anti-B4-bR was administered by daily 1-hour bolus infusion for 5 consecutive days at doses ranging from 1 microgram/kg/d to 60 micrograms/kg/d. Serum levels above 1 nmol/L were achieved transiently in the majority of patients treated at the maximum tolerated dose of 50 micrograms/kg/d for 5 days for a total dose of 250 micrograms/kg. The dose-limiting toxicity was defined by transient, reversible grade 3 elevations in hepatic transaminases, without impaired hepatic synthetic function. Minor toxicities included transient hypoalbuminemia, thrombocytopenia, and fevers. Human antimouse antibody and human anti-ricin antibody were detected in nine patients. One complete response, two partial responses, and eight mixed or transient responses were observed. These results show the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of Anti-B4-bR and indicate that this immunotoxin can be administered as a daily bolus infusion for 5 days with tolerable, reversible toxicity.

scholarly journals Preparation, Cytotoxicity, and In Vitro Bioimaging of Water Soluble and Highly Fluorescent Palladium Nanoclusters

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Thangudu ◽  
Poliraju Kalluru ◽  
Raviraj Vankayala
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Molecular Probes ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Cell Labelling ◽  
Metal Nanoclusters ◽  
Extinction Coefficients ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies

Fluorescent probes offer great potential to identify and treat surgical tumors by clinicians. To this end, several molecular probes were examined as in vitro and in vivo bioimaging probes. However, due to their ultra-low extinction coefficients as well as photobleaching problems, conventional molecular probes limit its practical utility. To address the above mentioned challenges, metal nanoclusters (MNCs) can serve as an excellent alternative with many unique features such as higher molar extinction coefficients/light absorbing capabilities, good photostability and appreciable fluorescence quantum yields. Herein, we reported a green synthesis of water soluble palladium nanoclusters (Pd NCs) and characterized them by using various spectroscopic and microscopic characterization techniques. These nanoclusters showed excellent photophysical properties with the characteristic emission peak centered at 500 nm under 420 nm photoexcitation wavelength. In vitro cytotoxicity studies in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) cells reveal that Pd NCs exhibited good biocompatibility with an IC50 value of >100 µg/mL and also showed excellent co-localization and distribution throughout the cytoplasm region with a significant fraction translocating into cell nucleus. We foresee that Pd NCs will carry huge potential to serve as a new generation bioimaging nanoprobe owing to its smaller size, minimal cytotoxicity, nucleus translocation capability and good cell labelling properties.

scholarly journals Serotherapy of B-cell neoplasms with anti-B4-blocked ricin: a phase I trial of daily bolus infusion

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Grossbard ◽  
AS Freedman ◽  
J Ritz ◽  
F Coral ◽  
VS Goldmacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Bolus Infusion ◽  
Protein Toxin ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
Ricin A

Abstract Anti-B4-blocked Ricin (Anti-B4-bR) is an immunotoxin comprised of the anti-B4 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) and the protein toxin “blocked ricin.” The anti-B4 MoAb is directed against the B-lineage-restricted CD19 antigen expressed on more than 95% of normal and neoplastic B cells. Blocked ricin is an altered ricin derivative that has its nonspecific binding eliminated by chemically blocking the galactose binding domains of the B chain. In vitro cytotoxicity studies demonstrate that the IC37 of Anti-B4-bR is 2 x 10(-11) mol/L compared with 4 x 10(-12) mol/L for native ricin. A phase I dose escalation clinical trial was conducted in 25 patients with refractory B-cell malignancies. Anti-B4-bR was administered by daily 1-hour bolus infusion for 5 consecutive days at doses ranging from 1 microgram/kg/d to 60 micrograms/kg/d. Serum levels above 1 nmol/L were achieved transiently in the majority of patients treated at the maximum tolerated dose of 50 micrograms/kg/d for 5 days for a total dose of 250 micrograms/kg. The dose-limiting toxicity was defined by transient, reversible grade 3 elevations in hepatic transaminases, without impaired hepatic synthetic function. Minor toxicities included transient hypoalbuminemia, thrombocytopenia, and fevers. Human antimouse antibody and human anti-ricin antibody were detected in nine patients. One complete response, two partial responses, and eight mixed or transient responses were observed. These results show the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of Anti-B4-bR and indicate that this immunotoxin can be administered as a daily bolus infusion for 5 days with tolerable, reversible toxicity.

scholarly journals Experimental Validation of a Mathematical Model to Describe the Drug Cytotoxicity of Leukemic Cells

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1760
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Guzev ◽  
Galia Luboshits ◽  
Svetlana Bunimovich-Mendrazitsky ◽  
Michael A. Firer
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies

Chlorambucil (Chl), Melphalan (Mel), and Cytarabine (Cyt) are recognized drugs used in the chemotherapy of patients with advanced Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). The optimal treatment schedule and timing of Chl, Mel, and Cyt administration remains unknown and has traditionally been decided empirically and independently of preclinical in vitro efficacy studies. As a first step toward mathematical prediction of in vivo drug efficacy from in vitro cytotoxicity studies, we used murine A20 leukemic cells as a test case of CLL. We first found that logistic growth best described the proliferation of the cells in vitro. Then, we tested in vitro the cytotoxic efficacy of Chl, Mel, and Cyt against A20 cells. On the basis of these experimental data, we found the parameters for cancer cell death rates that were dependent on the concentration of the respective drugs and developed a mathematical model involving nonlinear ordinary differential equations. For the proposed mathematical model, three equilibrium states were analyzed using the general method of Lyapunov, with only one equilibrium being stable. We obtained a very good symmetry between the experimental results and numerical simulations of the model. Our novel model can be used as a general tool to study the cytotoxic activity of various drugs with different doses and modes of action by appropriate adjustment of the values for the selected parameters.

scholarly journals In vitro Cytotoxicity Studies of Industrially Used Common Nanomaterials on L929 and 3T3 Fibroblast Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
Madhulika Srikanth ◽  
Waseem S Khan ◽  
Ramazan Asmatulu ◽  
Heath E Misak ◽  
Shang-You Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Fibroblast Cells ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
Biomedical Electronics

The unique structures and properties of nanomaterials have attracted many engineers and scientists to these resources for different applications, including biomedical, electronics, manufacturing, transportation, energy, and defense. The increasing applications of nanomaterials have also caused some concern among the scientific community about their safety and cytotoxicity. To successfully use nanomaterials in different fields, their interaction with mammalian cells in vitro must be addressed before in vivo experiments can be carried out successfully. In this study, the cytotoxicity values of commonly known nanomaterials, such as 100-ply Carbon Nanotube (CNT) wires, graphene, CNTs, nanoclay, and fullerene, were investigated through in vitro tests on human L929 and mice 3T3 fibroblast cells and compared with each other. The effects of cytotoxicity on both cell types were similar in many ways, but not closely identical due to structural and morphological differences. Compared to mice fibroblast cells, human fibroblast cells have a larger surface area; therefore, the viability values of L929 cells at different dilutions and time durations vary over a larger range. Pristine 100-ply CNT wires were found to be the least cytotoxic, with an average viability of 86.9%, whereas materials with high aspect ratio (e.g., CNTs and graphene) had higher cytotoxicity values due to their potential to pierce through cell membranes.

Yangambin and Epi-yangambin Isomers: New Purification Method from Ocotea fasciculata and First Cytotoxic Aspects Focusing on In Vivo Safety

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (06) ◽  
pp. 415-424
Author(s):  
Júlia Martins ◽  
Joana Coelho ◽  
Maraine Catarina Tadini ◽  
Rebeca Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Sonia Aparecida Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Preparative Scale ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
First Time

Abstract Ocotea fasciculata presents yangambin (YAN) and its isomer epi-yangambin (EPI-YAN) as major lignans, which are employed as the plant markers for quality control purposes and as potential pharmacological compounds. However, a gap between the pure isomers and safety and efficacy protocols is faced by the scientific community. In this context, this work aimed to report (i) a new and advantageous purifying process in a semi-preparative scale for YAN and EPI-YAN isolation from Ocotea fasciculata, and (ii) an in vitro cytotoxicity study to estimate, for the first time, the LD50 values of the isolated epimers, as well as the influence of albumin concentration in cell culture medium. The best condition for epimers isolation was achieved in normal-phase liquid chromatography. The lignan fraction (LF), previously obtained from the plant ethanolic extract, was purified yielding 17% and 29% of YAN and EPI-YAN, respectively. The in vitro study demonstrated that YAN and EPI-YAN were safe, and only at the highest concentration studied, a decrease on cell viability was observed. The estimated LD50 value was higher than 1612 mg/kg for both epimers. The LF, on the other hand, demonstrated an estimated LD50 of 422 mg/kg. Lignan cytotoxicity studies also evidenced that the higher cell viability was related to the higher concentration of fetal bovine serum as a source of albumin in medium. This is the first time the LD50 and safety of the isolated epimers were estimated, opening up great perspectives of success in in vivo studies.

scholarly journals Integrating Biophysics in Toxicology

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Del Favero ◽  
Annette Kraegeloh
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Dynamic Strain ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
Future Challenges

Integration of biophysical stimulation in test systems is established in diverse branches of biomedical sciences including toxicology. This is largely motivated by the need to create novel experimental setups capable of reproducing more closely in vivo physiological conditions. Indeed, we face the need to increase predictive power and experimental output, albeit reducing the use of animals in toxicity testing. In vivo, mechanical stimulation is essential for cellular homeostasis. In vitro, diverse strategies can be used to model this crucial component. The compliance of the extracellular matrix can be tuned by modifying the stiffness or through the deformation of substrates hosting the cells via static or dynamic strain. Moreover, cells can be cultivated under shear stress deriving from the movement of the extracellular fluids. In turn, introduction of physical cues in the cell culture environment modulates differentiation, functional properties, and metabolic competence, thus influencing cellular capability to cope with toxic insults. This review summarizes the state of the art of integration of biophysical stimuli in model systems for toxicity testing, discusses future challenges, and provides perspectives for the further advancement of in vitro cytotoxicity studies.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a quantitative qPCR assay for detecting Natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita) eDNA samples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Reyne ◽  
Amanda M. Naaum ◽  
Ferdia Marnell ◽  
Neil Reid ◽  
Sarah J. Helyar
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Qpcr Assay ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Epidalea Calamita

AbstractThe Natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita) is the rarest amphibian species in Ireland, regionally Red-Listed as Endangered. We applied an eDNA approach to detect species presence in breeding pond water samples. We developed a species-specific qPCR assay targeting the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). The assay was tested in silico, in vitro (DNA extracted from tissue) and in vivo (DNA extracted from water samples). Water samples were collected from five ponds with known Natterjack toad presence or absence to validate the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. The assay was shown to be highly specific to the Natterjack toad and tested positive only against toad tissue samples and eDNA samples from ponds with known species presence. We believe this method can be used for rapid assessment of species occurrence.

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