scholarly journals Formation of a dense carbon film by cathodic reduction of CO32−ions in a molten salt

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yukawa ◽  
H. Kurooka ◽  
K. Tanaka ◽  
T. Katayama ◽  
S. Ohata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Cathodic Reduction

Advances toward industrialization of novel molten salt electrochemical processes

2016 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 307-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Ito ◽  
Tokujiro Nishikiori ◽  
Hiroyuki Tsujimura
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Industrial Application ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Electrochemical Processes

We have invented various novel molten salt electrochemical processes, that can be put to practical use in the fields of energy and materials. These processes are promising from both technological and commercial viewpoints, and they are currently under development for industrial application. To showcase current developments in work toward industrialization, we focus here on three of these processes: (1) electrolytic synthesis of ammonia from water and nitrogen under atmospheric pressure, (2) electrochemical formation of carbon film, and (3) plasma-induced discharge electrolysis to produce nanoparticles.

A KIND OF ELECTROLYTIC METHOD TO DEPOSITE NANO CARBON FILM IN MOLTEN SALT

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (01n03) ◽  
pp. 667-669
Author(s):  
F. XIAO ◽  
L. FANG ◽  
J. ZHANG ◽  
L. C. YANG ◽  
G. B. LIU
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Electrolytic Deposition ◽  
Deposition Method ◽  
Carbonate Ion ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Nano Carbon

A new kind of electrolytic deposition method to obtain activated carbon atoms to prepare nano carbon film in molten salt was developed. The experimental results on various substrates indicated that nano carbon film could be synthesized on substrates of nickel, copper, iron and titanium by an electrolytic deposition method in molten salt under suitable conditions. Decreasing reasonably carbonate ion concentration is an efficient methods to accelerate the growth of deposition film and improve its quality.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Formation of Carbon Film Utilizing Cathodic Reduction of Carbonate Ions in a Molten Chloride: Effect of PR Electrolysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro YUKAWA ◽  
Yoshiko UEDA ◽  
Yoshitaka ADACHI ◽  
Kazuto TANAKA ◽  
Tsutao KATAYAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Film ◽  
Cathodic Reduction ◽  
Molten Chloride ◽  
Carbonate Ions ◽  
Chloride Effect

Benzylamine Tartrate as an Organic Glass Substrate for Carbon Films by Evaporation

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
A. C. Faberge
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Viscous Liquid ◽  
Glass Substrate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Organic Glass ◽  
Spectroscopic Examination ◽  
Polymeric Substrates

Benzylamine tartrate (m.p. 63°C) seems to be a better and more convenient substrate for making carbon films than any of those previously proposed. Using it in the manner described, it is easy consistently to make batches of specimen grids as open as 200 mesh with no broken squares, and without individual handling of the grids. Benzylamine tartrate (hereafter called B.T.) is a viscous liquid when molten, which sets to a glass. Unlike polymeric substrates it does not swell before dissolving; such swelling of the substrate seems to be a principal cause of breakage of carbon film. Mass spectroscopic examination indicates a vapor pressure less than 10−9 Torr at room temperature.

Observation of Atom Rows in Thorium Pyromellitate Using a Field Emission STEM

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
H. Todokoro ◽  
S. Nomura ◽  
T. Komoda
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Dark Field Image ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Amorphous Carbon Film ◽  
Atomic Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A Chain

It is interesting to observe polymers at atomic size resolution. Some works have been reported for thorium pyromellitate by using a STEM (1), or a CTEM (2,3). The results showed that this polymer forms a chain in which thorium atoms are arranged. However, the distance between adjacent thorium atoms varies over a wide range (0.4-1.3nm) according to the different authors.The present authors have also observed thorium pyromellitate specimens by means of a field emission STEM, described in reference 4. The specimen was prepared by placing a drop of thorium pyromellitate in 10-3 CH3OH solution onto an amorphous carbon film about 2nm thick. The dark field image is shown in Fig. 1A. Thorium atoms are clearly observed as regular atom rows having a spacing of 0.85nm. This lattice gradually deteriorated by successive observations. The image changed to granular structures, as shown in Fig. 1B, which was taken after four scanning frames.

Conformation of eukaryotic ribosomal RNAs

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 592-593
Author(s):  
M. Boublik ◽  
G. Thornton ◽  
G. Oostergetel ◽  
J.F. Hainfeld ◽  
J.S. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Pure Nitrogen ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Partially Unfolded

Understanding the structural complexity of ribosomes and their role in protein synthesis requires knowledge of the conformation of their components - rRNAs and proteins. Application of dedicated scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), electrical discharge of the support carbon film in an atmosphere of pure nitrogen, and determination of the molecular weight of individual rRNAs enabled us to obtain high resolution electron microscopic images of unstained freeze-dried rRNA molecules from BHK cells in a form suitable for evaluation of their 3-D structure. Preliminary values for the molecular weight of 28S RNA from the large and 18S RNA from the small ribosomal subunits as obtained by mass measurement were 1.84 x 106 and 0.97 x 106, respectively. Conformation of rRNAs consists, in general, of alternating segments of intramolecular hairpin stems and single stranded loops in a proportion which depends on their ionic environment, the Mg++ concentration in particular. Molecules of 28S RNA (Fig. 1) and 18S RNA (not shown) obtained by freeze-drying from a solution of 60 mM NH+4 acetate and 2 mM Mg++ acetate, pH 7, appear as partially unfolded coils with compact cores suggesting a high degree of ordered secondary structure.

Fasciaton of Pectate Elementary Fibrils

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
George F. Leeper
Keyword(s):  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Pectic Acid ◽  
Elementary Fibrils

Polysaccharide elementary fibrils are usually fasciated into microfibrils of from one hundred to a few hundred Angstroms wide. Cellulose microfibrils when subjected to acid treatment dissociate into component elementary fibrils. For pectic acid it was observed that variations in pH could cause a change in the fasciation of the elementary fibrils.Solutions of purified pectic acid and sodium phosphotungtate were adjusted to various pH levels with NaOH or HCl and diluted to give a final concentration of 0.5 and 1% for the polysaccharide and negative stains respectively. Micrographs were made of the samples after drying on a carbon film covered grid. The average number of elementary fibrils was determined by counting the number of elementary fibrils in each fascicle intersected by lines drawn across the micrograph.

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