scholarly journals The Moodoo Library: Quantitative Metrics to Model How Teachers Make Use of the Classroom Space by Analysing Indoor Positioning Traces (Extended Abstract)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Martinez-Maldonado ◽  
Vanessa Echeverria ◽  
Katerina Mangaroska ◽  
Antonette Shibani ◽  
Gloria Fernandez-Nieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Classroom Teaching ◽  
Spatial Metrics ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Classroom Space ◽  
Quantitative Metrics ◽  
Student Ratios

Teachers’ spatial behaviours in the classroom can strongly influence students’ engagement, motivation and other behaviours that shape their learning. However, classroom teaching behav-iour is ephemeral, and has largely remained opaque to computational analysis. This paper presents a library called ‘Moodoo’ that can serve to automatically model how teachers make use of the classroom space by analysing indoor positioning traces. The system automatically ex-tracts spatial metrics (e.g. teacher-student ratios, frequency of visits to students’ personal spaces, presence in classroom spaces of interest, index of dispersion and entropy), mapping from the teachers’ low-level positioning data to higher-order spatial constructs.

scholarly journals Teacher–Student Dialogue During Classroom Teaching: Does It Really Impact on Student Outcomes?

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 462-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Howe ◽  
Sara Hennessy ◽  
Neil Mercer ◽  
Maria Vrikki ◽  
Lisa Wheatley
Keyword(s):  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Classroom Teaching ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Student Dialogue

Professional Embodiment: Walking, Re-engagement of Desk Interactions, and Provision of Instruction during Classroom Rounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-184
Author(s):  
Teppo Jakonen
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ongoing Task ◽  
Student Progress ◽  
Independent Task ◽  
Student Talk ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Classroom Space ◽  
Whole Class

Abstract Unlike continuous whole-class (plenary) interaction, independent task work involves incipient teacher–student talk, as the teacher typically ‘makes rounds’ to engage in brief desk interactions with students. This article draws on multimodal conversation analysis to investigate how teacher movement during tasks offers resources for re-engaging in desk interactions and offering task-related guidance. The focus is on teachers’ walking trajectories and ways of positioning the body, and students’ orientation to them, in (i) (pre-)opening moments of a desk interaction, and (ii) during a subsequent instructional turn that guides students with the ongoing task. The analysis shows how the pedagogical actions of checking and assessing student progress as well as making oneself available to students become observable in ways of walking, and how students display bodily whether they need teacher help. Movement also offers resources for shifting from individualized to collective instruction during rounds. These findings suggest that ways of navigating the body in the classroom space can index pedagogical concerns, which the students can use to make sense of the teachers’ ongoing and projected engagements.

scholarly journals Measuring Education Quality in Global Rankings: What’s the Likelihood?

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip G. Altbach ◽  
Ellen Hazelkorn
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Quality ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
National Context ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Student Ratios ◽  
Cross National ◽  
Academic Rankings

Can the global academic rankings measure teaching quality? The major academic rankings have been adding measures of teaching quality—such as teacher-student ratios. We argue that it is not possible, at least now, to accurately measure teaching quality in a cross-national context. We recommend that the rankings cease measuring something that cannot, at this time, be evaluated.

scholarly journals Incrementality and intention-recognition in utterance processing

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Gregoromichelaki ◽  
Ruth Kempson ◽  
Matthew Purver ◽  
Gregory J. Mills ◽  
Ronnie Cann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Intention Recognition ◽  
Dialogue Modelling ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Dynamic Syntax ◽  
Do So

Ever since dialogue modelling first developed relative to broadly Gricean assumptions about utter-ance interpretation (Clark, 1996), it has remained an open question whether the full complexity of higher-order intention computation is made use of in everyday conversation. In this paper we examine the phenomenon of split utterances, from the perspective of Dynamic Syntax, to further probe the necessity of full intention recognition/formation in communication: we do so by exploring the extent to which the interactive coordination of dialogue exchange can be seen as emergent from low-level mechanisms of language processing, without needing representation by interlocutors of each other’s mental states, or fully developed intentions as regards messages to be conveyed. We thus illustrate how many dialogue phenomena can be seen as direct consequences of the grammar architecture, as long as this is presented within an incremental, goal-directed/predictive model.

scholarly journals Moodoo: Indoor Positioning Analytics for Characterising Classroom Teaching

2020 ◽  
pp. 360-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Martinez-Maldonado ◽  
Vanessa Echeverria ◽  
Jurgen Schulte ◽  
Antonette Shibani ◽  
Katerina Mangaroska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Classroom Teaching

Prosodic strengthening in reference to the lexical pitch accent system in South Kyungsang Korean

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-115
Author(s):  
Taehong Cho ◽  
Dong Jin Kim ◽  
Sahyang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Initial Position ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Pitch Accent ◽  
Prosodic Structure ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Phonological Contrast ◽  
Structural Modulation ◽  
Low Tone ◽  
Phonetic Realization

Abstract Theories of the phonetics-prosody interface suggest that prosodic strengthening that arises with prosodic structuring is not simply a low-level phonetic phenomenon, but it serves as a phonetic hallmark of a higher-order prosodic structure in reference to linguistic (phonological) contrast. The present study builds on this theoretical premise by examining acoustic realization of the phonological tonal contrast in the lexical pitch accent system of South Kyungsang (SK) Korean. Results showed that phonetic realization of F0 and the degree of glottalization (as reflected in spectral tilt measures such as H1-A1c and H1-A3c) of vowels in vowel-initial words were systematically modulated by the higher-order prosodic structure, and that the prosodic-structural modulation gave rise to distinct prosodic strengthening effects as a function of the source of prosodic strengthening. In particular, the prominence-induced strengthening (due to focus) entailed a phonetic polarizing effect on the F0 contrast in a way that enhances the phonological High vs. Low tone contrast. The boundary-induced strengthening effect, on the other hand, could be better understood as enhancing the phonetic clarity of prosodic junctures. The distinct prosodic strengthening effects were further evident in the way that glottalization was fine-tuned according to prosodic structure and phonological (tonal) contrast. Prosodic strengthening effects were also found to interact with intrinsic vowel height, implying that the low-level phonetic effect may be under speaker control in reference to higher-order prosodic and phonological contrast systems of the language. Finally, the results informed a theoretical debate regarding whether the Low tone that contrasts with the High tone in word-initial position should be considered lexically specified vs. post-lexical assigned.

scholarly journals Breakdown of within- and between-network Resting State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Connectivity during Propofol-induced Loss of Consciousness

2010 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 1038-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Boveroux ◽  
Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse ◽  
Marie-Aurélie Bruno ◽  
Quentin Noirhomme ◽  
Séverine Lauwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Modal Interactions ◽  
Low Level

Background Mechanisms of anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness remain poorly understood. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging allows investigating whole-brain connectivity changes during pharmacological modulation of the level of consciousness. Methods Low-frequency spontaneous blood oxygen level-dependent fluctuations were measured in 19 healthy volunteers during wakefulness, mild sedation, deep sedation with clinical unconsciousness, and subsequent recovery of consciousness. Results Propofol-induced decrease in consciousness linearly correlates with decreased corticocortical and thalamocortical connectivity in frontoparietal networks (i.e., default- and executive-control networks). Furthermore, during propofol-induced unconsciousness, a negative correlation was identified between thalamic and cortical activity in these networks. Finally, negative correlations between default network and lateral frontoparietal cortices activity, present during wakefulness, decreased proportionally to propofol-induced loss of consciousness. In contrast, connectivity was globally preserved in low-level sensory cortices, (i.e., in auditory and visual networks across sedation stages). This was paired with preserved thalamocortical connectivity in these networks. Rather, waning of consciousness was associated with a loss of cross-modal interactions between visual and auditory networks. Conclusions Our results shed light on the functional significance of spontaneous brain activity fluctuations observed in functional magnetic resonance imaging. They suggest that propofol-induced unconsciousness could be linked to a breakdown of cerebral temporal architecture that modifies both within- and between-network connectivity and thus prevents communication between low-level sensory and higher-order frontoparietal cortices, thought to be necessary for perception of external stimuli. They emphasize the importance of thalamocortical connectivity in higher-order cognitive brain networks in the genesis of conscious perception.

scholarly journals On the Content of the Pre-service Teachers’ Teaching Reflection in the Practicum

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1195
Author(s):  
Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Professional Growth ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Student Interaction ◽  
Classroom Teaching ◽  
Teaching Student ◽  
Reflective Consciousness ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Education Environment ◽  
Teacher Student Interaction ◽  
Effective Role

Reflection plays an effective role in promoting teachers’ professional growth and improving teachers’ overall quality. As for Pre-service teachers, teaching practice is an indispensable period for their professional development. Therefore, reflective consciousness and ability should be trained in their practicum. This paper fully elaborates the importance of reflective consciousness for middle school pre-service teachers in the practicum from the contents of the pre-service teachers’ teaching reflection: classroom teaching, student study, teacher-student interaction, teachers’ development and education environment. From the research ,we find pre-service teacher often reflect on classroom teaching, student study and teacher-student interaction. The other two parts are usually neglected.

scholarly journals Imprecise neural computations as source of human adaptive behavior in volatile environments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Findling ◽  
Nicolas Chopin ◽  
Etienne Koechlin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Adaptive Models ◽  
Neural Computations ◽  
Counterintuitive Result

AbstractEveryday life features uncertain and ever-changing situations. In such environments, optimal adaptive behavior requires higher-order inferential capabilities to grasp the volatility of external contingencies. These capabilities however involve complex and rapidly intractable computations, so that we poorly understand how humans develop efficient adaptive behaviors in such environments. Here we demonstrate this counterintuitive result: simple, low-level inferential processes involving imprecise computations conforming to the psychophysical Weber Law actually lead to near-optimal adaptive behavior, regardless of the environment volatility. Using volatile experimental settings, we further show that such imprecise, low-level inferential processes accounted for observed human adaptive performances, unlike optimal adaptive models involving higher-order inferential capabilities, their biologically more plausible, algorithmic approximations and non-inferential adaptive models like reinforcement learning. Thus, minimal inferential capabilities may have evolved along with imprecise neural computations as contributing to near-optimal adaptive behavior in real-life environments, while leading humans to make suboptimal choices in canonical decision-making tasks.

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