The Anatomic Relevance of the Haller Cell in Sinusitis

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Stackpole ◽  
David R. Edelstein
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Antrum ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Mucosal Disease ◽  
Ostiomeatal Complex ◽  
Mucosal Thickening ◽  
Radiologic Evidence

In current theories of sinusitis, obstruction at the ostiomeatal complex leads to localized inflammation and infection. Haller cells, an extension of ethmoid pneumatization along the maxillary antrum roof, have also been suggested as a causative factor in sinusitis because of their ability to cause narrowing of the infundibulum. Coronal CT scans were reviewed in 154 patients to evaluate the role of Haller cells in sinusitis. Haller cells were present in 34% of patients. The cells were graded as small, medium, or large, and correlated with radiologic evidence of sinusitis (e.g., mucosal thickening or opacification). A statistically significant increase in maxillary sinus mucosal disease was noted in patients with medium or large Haller cells (45.8%) versus those with small cells (28.9%, p < 0.05). Thus obstructive medium and large Haller cells may be an etiologic factor in sinusitis.

scholarly journals Not All That Shines on a PET Scan Is Cancer: A Silicone-Induced Granuloma Masquerading as Malignancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Krishna Vedala ◽  
Philip Sobash ◽  
Deborah Johnson ◽  
Krishna Kakkera
Keyword(s):  
Pet Scan ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Suspicious Lesions

PET/CT scans are frequently used in the initial workup of suspicious lesions but not all that lights up on a PET is cancerous. We wish to discuss a case of silicone-induced granuloma mimicking malignancy and the role of other imaging modalities for further workup.

The role of exudation in chronic subdural hematomas

2007 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Tokmak ◽  
A. Celal Iplikcioglu ◽  
Sirzat Bek ◽  
Cem Atilla Gökduman ◽  
Mustafa Erdal
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Subdural Hematomas ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Exudation Rate

Object Chronic subdural hematomas (SDHs) are a local inflammatory process that causes the formation of a granulation tissue often referred to as the external or outer membrane. This membrane has abnormally permeable macrocapillaries. Therefore, exudation from the macrocapillaries in the outer membrane of chronic SDH may play an important role in the enlargement of chronic SDH. In this study the authors investigated the role of exudation in chronic SDH. Methods The authors examined 24 patients (16 men and eight women; age range 38–86 years [mean age 61.4 years]) with 27 chronic SDHs. The clinical status of the patients was evaluated according to the classification described by Markwalder. The diagnosis was established on computed tomography (CT) scans in all cases. The authors also used the Nomura Classification for judging the lesion's appearance on CT scans. Immediately after the diagnosis, all patients were administered 20 mCi (740 mBq) technetium-99m human serum albumin. Four hours later, blood and SDH samples were taken and radioactivity levels were measured in each. The ratio of activity of the samples taken from chronic SDH to the radioactivity of blood was determined as a percentage and defined as the exudation rate. On the follow-up CT scan obtained on postoperative Day 20, subdural collections thicker than 5 mm were determined to be a reaccumulation. Results The correlations between the exudation rate and age of the patients, clinical grades, CT appearances, and amount of reaccumulation were investigated. In this series the average exudation rate was 13.24% (range 2.05–28.88%). The mean exudation rates according to the clinical grades assigned to patients were as follows: Grade 0, 8.67 ± 5.64% (three patients); Grade 1, 5.07 ± 1.43% (eight patients); Grade 2, 17.87 ± 3.73% (seven patients); and Grade 3, 19.65 ± 7.67% (six patients). Exudation rates in patients with Grades 2 and 3 were significantly higher than those in Grades 0 and 1 (p < 0.05). The mean exudation rates according to the lesion's appearance on CT scans were found as follows: hypodense appearance, 6.55 ± 4.52% (eight patients); isodense appearance, 11.07 ± 6.32% (five patients); hyperdense appearance, 19.47 ± 13.61% (three patients); and mixed-density appearance, 17.40 ± 5.80% (nine patients). The differences among the groups were significant (p < 0.05). The average exudation rate was statistically higher in the patients with reaccumulation (16.30 ± 8.16%) than that in the patients without reaccumulation (9.96 ± 6.84%) (p < 0.05). Conclusions The exudation rate in chronic SDH is correlated with a higher clinical grade (Markwalder Grade 2 or 3), mixed-density CT appearance, and reaccumulation. Therefore, exudation from macrocapillaries in the outer membrane of chronic SDH probably plays an important role in the pathophysiology and the growth of chronic SDH.

Incidence of silent hemorrhage and delayed deterioration after stereotactic brain biopsy

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhaya V. Kulkarni ◽  
Abhijit Guha ◽  
Andres Lozano ◽  
Mark Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Stereotactic Biopsy ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Stereotactic Brain Biopsy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Many neurosurgeons routinely obtain computerized tomography (CT) scans to rule out hemorrhage in patients after stereotactic procedures. In the present prospective study, the authors investigated the rate of silent hemorrhage and delayed deterioration after stereotactic biopsy sampling and the role of postbiopsy CT scanning. Methods. A subset of patients (the last 102 of approximately 800 patients) who underwent stereotactic brain biopsies at the Toronto Hospital prospectively underwent routine postoperative CT scanning within hours of the biopsy procedure. Their medical charts and CT scans were then reviewed. A postoperative CT scan was obtained in 102 patients (aged 17–87 years) who underwent stereotactic biopsy between June 1994 and September 1996. Sixty-one patients (59.8%) exhibited hemorrhages, mostly intracerebral (54.9%), on the immediate postoperative scan. Only six of these patients were clinically suspected to have suffered a hemorrhage based on immediate postoperative neurological deficit; in the remaining 55 (53.9%) of 102 patients, the hemorrhage was clinically silent and unsuspected. Among the clinically silent intracerebral hemorrhages, 22 measured less than 5 mm, 20 between 5 and 10 mm, five between 10 and 30 mm, and four between 30 and 40 mm. Of the 55 patients with clinically silent hemorrhages, only three demonstrated a delayed neurological deficit (one case of seizure and two cases of progressive loss of consciousness) and these all occurred within the first 2 postoperative days. Of the neurologically well patients in whom no hemorrhage was demonstrated on initial postoperative CT scan, none experienced delayed deterioration. Conclusions. Clinically silent hemorrhage after stereotactic biopsy is very common. However, the authors did not find that knowledge of its existence ultimately affected individual patient management or outcome. The authors, therefore, suggest that the most important role of postoperative CT scanning is to screen for those neurologically well patients with no hemorrhage. These patients could safely be discharged on the same day they underwent biopsy.

scholarly journals A Dual Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Cancer Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Kai Chiang ◽  
Shuen-Ei Chen ◽  
Ling-Chu Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Cellular Iron

Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is known to metabolize heme into biliverdin/bilirubin, carbon monoxide, and ferrous iron, and it has been suggested to demonstrate cytoprotective effects against various stress-related conditions. HO-1 is commonly regarded as a survival molecule, exerting an important role in cancer progression and its inhibition is considered beneficial in a number of cancers. However, increasing studies have shown a dark side of HO-1, in which HO-1 acts as a critical mediator in ferroptosis induction and plays a causative factor for the progression of several diseases. Ferroptosis is a newly identified iron- and lipid peroxidation-dependent cell death. The critical role of HO-1 in heme metabolism makes it an important candidate to mediate protective or detrimental effects via ferroptosis induction. This review summarizes the current understanding on the regulatory mechanisms of HO-1 in ferroptosis. The amount of cellular iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the determinative momentum for the role of HO-1, in which excessive cellular iron and ROS tend to enforce HO-1 from a protective role to a perpetrator. Despite the dark side that is related to cell death, there is a prospective application of HO-1 to mediate ferroptosis for cancer therapy as a chemotherapeutic strategy against tumors.

Endoscopic Management of Frontal Sinus Osteomas Revisited

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Seiberling ◽  
Steve Floreani ◽  
Simon Robinson ◽  
Peter-John Wormald
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Resection ◽  
Frontal Sinus ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Endoscopic Management ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Tumor Removal ◽  
Successful Removal ◽  
Grade Iii

Background Recent articles have published guidelines regarding the role of endoscopic surgery in the removal of frontal sinus osteomas. These guidelines recommend the endoscopic approach for small osteomas but recommend an osteoplastic flap for larger tumors. This study presents a series of endoscopically resected tumors both large and small. Methods Retrospective chart reviews were performed. Charts were reviewed of all patients who underwent surgical resection of a frontal sinus osteoma from 1998 to 2008. Sinus CT scans were reviewed and each tumor was staged according to Kennedy's grading system proposed in 2005. Results Twenty-three patients, 8 with a grade IV tumor, 6 with a grade III tumor, and the remaining with a grade I or II tumor, underwent endoscopic resection of a frontal sinus osteoma. In 15 patients a modified Lothrop procedure was performed for tumor removal. In addition, a blepharoplasty incision was used in one patient for removal of a large orbital extension of the tumor and another underwent an enlarged frontal sinus trephine performed via a browline incision. In the remaining patients a frontal sinusotomy with minitrephination provided enough access for tumor removal. Over an average follow-up of 36 months no recurrences were noted. Symptoms improved in all but one patient. There were no postoperative complications. Conclusion Endoscopic resection of both large and small frontal sinus osteomas is feasible. In this article we have shown successful removal of large osteomas that fill the entire frontal sinus with the modified Lothrop procedure.

scholarly journals PDGFBB promotes proliferation and migration via regulating miR-1181/STAT3 axis in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (6) ◽  
pp. L965-L976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengjiang Qian ◽  
Yanjiao Li ◽  
Haiyang Yang ◽  
Jidong Chen ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Migration Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) can induce hyperproliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), which is a key causative factor to the occurrence and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We previously identified that miR-1181 is significantly downregulated by PDGFBB in human PASMCs. In this work, we further explore the function of miR-1181 and underlying regulatory mechanisms in PDGF-induced PASMCs. First, the expression pattern of miR-1181 was characterized under PDGFBB treatment, and PDGF receptor/PKCβ signaling was found to repress miR-1181 expression. Then, gain- and loss-of-function experiments were respectively conducted and revealed the prominent role of miR-1181 in inhibiting PASMC proliferation and migration. Flow cytometry analysis suggested that miR-1181 regulated the PASMC proliferation through influencing the cell cycle transition from G0/G1 to S phase. Moreover, we exhibited that miR-1181 targeting STAT3 formed a regulatory axis to modulate PASMC proliferation. Finally, serum miR-1181 expression was also observed to be reduced in adult and newborn patients with PAH. Overall, this study provides novel findings that the miR-1181/STAT3 axis mediated PDGFBB-induced dysfunction in human PASMCs, implying a potential use of miR-1181 as a therapeutic and diagnostic candidate for the vascular remodeling diseases.

scholarly journals Role of Samyoga Viruddha Ahara in Kustha Vyadhi - An Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Raosaheb A. Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Diseased State

Food plays a decisive role in development, sustain, reproduction and termination of life. Through centuries, Food has been recognized as an important factor for human beings, in health and diseased state. Viruddha Ahara is one potent causative factor for several diseases. Consumption of Viruddha Ahara gives rise to various disturbances of mild to violent nature and disease of acute to chronic nature including the eight Maharogas, genetic disturbances and even sometimes causes death of the person. To conduct on observational study to access the role of Samyoga Viruddha Ahara is one of the Nidana for manifestation of Kustha Vyadhi. In the present observational study were selected of total 50 patients was conducted at O.P.D, Patients were screened on the basis of specially prepared questionnaires format. On Observational study majority of patients i.e. 82% of patients were consumed Samyoga Viruddha Ahara majority of patients i.e. 58% were consuming Viruddha Ahara (Samyogaja Viruddha Ahara), 26% were doing Malamutra Vega Dharana, 16% were doing Vyayama after Bhojana and 36% patients were doing Diwaswapna.

scholarly journals OVERVIEW ON ASSOCIATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF LEUKEMIAS WITH RADIATION EXPOSURE

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
D F Gluzman ◽  
L M Sklyarenko ◽  
M Zavelevich ◽  
S V Koval ◽  
T Ivanivskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Health Organization

Exposure to ionizing radiation is associated with increasing risk of various types of hematological malignancies. The results of major studies on association of leukemias and radiation exposure of large populations in Japan and in Ukraine are analyzed. The patterns of different types of leukemia in 295 Chernobyl clean-up workers diagnosed according to the criteria of up-to-date World Health Organization classification within 10–25 years following Chernobyl catastrophe are summarized. In fact, a broad spectrum of radiation-related hematological malignancies has been revealed both in Life Span Study in Japan and in study of Chernobyl clean-up workers in Ukraine. The importance of the precise diagnosis of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues according to up-to-date classifications for elucidating the role of radiation as a causative factor of leukemias is emphasized. Such studies are of high importance since according to the recent findings, radiation-associated excess risks of several types of leukemias seem to persist throughout the follow-up period up to 55 years after the radiation exposure.

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