scholarly journals La transformación del paisaje agrario y la plasticultura en la ciénaga de Chapala, México

UVserva ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 302-312
Author(s):  
Conrado González Vera
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Information Design ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lake Chapala ◽  
Siglo Xx

El propósito de este trabajo es exponer algunos procesos de transformación del paisaje agrario, incluyendo la plasticultura en la ciénaga de Chapala, México. El método seguido fue: delimitar el objeto de investigación, diseñar el esquema de investigación, identificar fuentes de información, diseñar instrumentos de investigación, analizar y fichar fuentes de información, diseñar el esquema de exposición y generar la exposición de resultados. El lago de Chapala ha sido transformado por la actividad geológica y humana. A principios del siglo XX fue mutilado y transformado de nuevo por un dique artificial que fue la principal forma de desecarlo. Posteriormente, alrededor de la tercera década del siglo XX la tierra fue repartida en ejidos, sin embargo, hoy día la propiedad de la tierra se está reconcentrando en pocas manos: empresarios agrícolas y agroindustria, y transformándose una vez más debido a la revolución verde, los derivados de ésta y la plasticultura.Palabras clave: Acumulación de capital; ciénaga de Chapala; ejido; paisaje agrario; plasticultura. AbstractThe purpose of this study is to show some processes of tranformation of the agrarian landscape, including plasticulture in the swam of Lake Chapala, Mexico, known as “La Ciénaga de Chapala”. The method followed was: to delimit the research object, design the research scheme, identify sources of information, design research instruments, analyze and record information sources, design the exposure scheme and generate the results presentation. Lake Chapala has been transformed by geological and human activity. At the beginning of the 20th century it was mutilated and transformed again by an artificial dam that was the main way to dry it. Subsequently, around the third decade of the twentieth century, the land was divided into ejidos, however, today the ownership of the land is being reconcentrated in a few hands: agricultural entrepreneurs and agroindustry and being transformed once again due to the green revolution, its derivates and plasticulture.Keywords: Agrarian Landscape; Capital Accumulation; Chapala Marsh; Ejido; Plasticulture.

scholarly journals José María Merino: teoría y práctica del microrrelato

Monteagudo ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Ángel Basanta
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
The Third ◽  
Narrative Mode ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Sobre Todo

El microrrelato ha alcanzado un extraordinario auge en las últimas décadas. Se define por su acusada brevedad y su intensa narratividad, su extrema concentración y economía expresiva sustentadas en la elipsis y el arte de sugerir. Aunque ha habido microrrelatos desde las primeras manifestaciones de la literatura, este cuarto género narrativo nace como tal a partir del Romanticismo y, sobre todo, en el modernismo, alcanza su pleno desarrollo a lo largo del siglo XX, a partir de J. R. Jiménez y R. Gómez de la serna, en españa, y, más aún, en Hispanoamérica, con maestros como Borges, A. monterroso y J. Cortázar; y se consolida como el cuarto género narrativo a finales del XX y comienzos del XXI. José Mª merino es uno de los escritores españoles que más y mejor ha contribuido a la construcción de la teoría del microrrelato y está considerado como uno de los maestros indiscutibles en la creación de minificciones representativas de esta modalidad narrativa. Reunió sus microrrelatos por primera vez en La glorieta de los fugitivos. Minificción completa (2007). A ellos hay que añadir los intercalados después entre los cuentos de El libro de las horas contadas (2011) y los agrupados en la tercera parte de La trama oculta (cuentos de los dos lados con una silva mínima) (2014). The short short-story is flourishing in recent decades. It is defined by its acute brevity and its intense narrativity, its concentrated form and expressive economy underpinned by its elliptical and suggestive nature. Although there have been instances of short short-stories since the beginnings of the literary form, this narrative genre begins to take shapre in the Romantic and modernist periods, and develops fully in the twentieth century, in the writings of J. R. Jiménez and R. Gómez de la serna in spain and, in latin America, in those of Borges, A. monterroso y J. Cortázar. It becomes consolidated as the fourth narrative genre at the end of the twentieth and the beginning of the twenty-first centuries. José María Merino is one of the spanish writers who has done most to contribute to the development of the theory of the short short-story and is widely considered one of the best creators of the mini-fictions representative of this narrative mode. His first collection of short short-stories is La glorieta de los fugitivos. Minificción completa (2007), to which he has since added others to be found amongst the short stories of El libro de las horas contadas (2011) and those grouped in the third part of La trama oculta (cuentos de los dos lados con una silva mínima) (2014).

scholarly journals Fotografia e exploração geográfica: diálogos com Gênesis, de Sebastião Salgado

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-271
Author(s):  
Lara D' Assunção dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
The Third ◽  
Strong Feeling ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Imaginative Geographies ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
Siglo Xx

Resumo O presente artigo desenvolve-se em torno da relevância das imagens fotográficas na construção de geografias imaginativas e na produção de um forte sentimento de alteridade e nacionalidade. Inicialmente, dissertarei sobre os primeiros registros de espaços inóspitos e como tais imagens faziam parte da cultura da exploração que objetivava deter o conhecimento do mundo. A segunda parte explora brevemente a fotografia do século XX, onde há um imenso potencial de divulgação viabilizado pela imprensa. Na terceira parte, utilizarei o livro Gênesis, de Sebastião Salgado, como referência para pensar a importância de registrar e testemunhar culturas, paisagens e identidades ainda presentes no mundo. Palavras-chave: Imagem; Fotografia; Sebastião Salgado; Exploração Geográfica   Abstract This article develops around the relevance of photographic images in imaginative geographies in the construction and production of a strong feeling of otherness and nationality. Initially, I will discuss about first records of inhospitable spaces and as such images were part of the culture of exploration that aimed to prevent the knowledge of the world. The second part briefly explores the twentieth century photography, where there is a huge potential for disclosure made possible by the press. In the third part, I will use Genesis book, Sebastiao Salgado, as a reference to think the importance of recording and witness the cultures, landscapes and still presents identities in the world. Keywords: Image; Photography; Sebastião Salgado; Geographical Exploration   Resumen Este artículo se desarrolla en torno a la relevancia de las imágenes en la construcción de geografías imaginativas y producción de un fuerte sentido de la alteridad y la nacionalidad. Primero hablaré sobre los primeros registros de espacios inhóspitos y cómo estas imágenes eran parte de la cultura de la exploración que tenía como objetivo detener el conocimiento del mundo. La segunda parte explora brevemente la imagen del siglo XX, donde hay un enorme potencial para la divulgación hecha posible por la prensa. En la tercera parte utilizará el libro de Génesis, Sebastiao Salgado, como una referencia a pensar la importancia de la grabación y el testimonio de las culturas y paisajes todavía presentes identidades en el mundo. Palabras clave: Imagen; Fotografía; Sebastião Salgado; Exploración Geográfica

Historical Fragments’ Mobile Echo

Transfers ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Bell ◽  
Kathy Davis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Opium War ◽  
The Subject

Translocation – Transformation is an ambitious contribution to the subject of mobility. Materially, it interlinks seemingly disparate objects into a surprisingly unified exhibition on mobile histories and heritages: twelve bronze zodiac heads, silk and bamboo creatures, worn life vests, pressed Pu-erh tea, thousands of broken antique teapot spouts, and an ancestral wooden temple from the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) used by a tea-trading family. Historically and politically, the exhibition engages Chinese stories from the third century BCE, empires in eighteenth-century Austria and China, the Second Opium War in the nineteenth century, the Chinese Cultural Revolution of the mid-twentieth century, and today’s global refugee crisis.

A war hero or a Hitler soldier?

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Pavel Gotovetsky
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
National Committee ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Third Reich

The article is devoted to the biography of General Pavlo Shandruk, an Ukrainian officer who served as a Polish contract officer in the interwar period and at the beginning of the World War II, and in 1945 became the organizer and commander of the Ukrainian National Army fighting alongside the Third Reich in the last months of the war. The author focuses on the symbolic event of 1961, which was the decoration of General Shandruk with the highest Polish (émigré) military decoration – the Virtuti Militari order, for his heroic military service in 1939. By describing the controversy and emotions among Poles and Ukrainians, which accompanied the award of the former Hitler's soldier, the author tries to answer the question of how the General Shandruk’s activities should be assessed in the perspective of the uneasy Twentieth-Century Polish-Ukrainian relations. Keywords: Pavlo Shandruk, Władysław Anders, Virtuti Militari, Ukrainian National Army, Ukrainian National Committee, contract officer.

Past

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kellerman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
First Century ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Lao Tzu ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
The Many

The chapter focuses on how leadership was taught in the distant and recent past. The first section is on five of the greatest leadership teachers ever—Lao-tzu, Confucius, Plato, Plutarch, and Machiavelli—who shared a deep belief in the idea that leadership could be taught and left legacies that included timeless and transcendent literary masterworks. The second section explores how leadership went from being conceived of as a practice reserved only for a select few to one that could be exercised by the many. The ideas of the Enlightenment changed our conception of leadership. Since then, the leadership literature has urged people without power and authority, that is, followers, to understand that they too could be agents of change. The third section turns to leadership and management in business. It was precisely the twentieth-century failure of business schools to make management a profession that gave rise to the twenty-first-century leadership industry.

Carthage after the Punic Wars and the Neo-Punic Legacy

2019 ◽  
pp. 182-196
Author(s):  
Matthew Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
The Third ◽  
Funerary Rituals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Punic Wars

This chapter provides a brief introduction to how the historiographical development of Roman studies, since mid-twentieth century decolonization, has altered our understanding of the developments which took place in North Africa following the destruction of Carthage in 146 bce. The reader is introduced to literary, epigraphic, and archaeological sources of evidence, which have traditionally been used to argue for either cultural change or continuity. After an initial examination of the immediate aftermath of the Third Punic War, Roman land appropriation and taxation, the focus is on sources of evidence usually described as “Punic,” “neo-Punic” or “Late Punic,” covering the spheres of municipal institutions, language use, and religious and funerary rituals. The vibrant multiculturalism and regional diversity of the Mediterranean and especially North Africa, both before and after the Roman conquest, is the dominant theme. This is used to shift emphasis away from grand explanatory paradigms based on essentialist identity categories, and toward a more nuanced picture of the complex and multivariate processes of cultural development and integration.

Music in the British Workplace: From Voice to a Technique of Control?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Korczynski
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social History ◽  
Singing Voice ◽  
Industrial Noise ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines music in the British workplace. It considers whether it is appropriate to see the history of music in the workplace as involving a journey from the organic singing voice (both literal and metaphorical) of workers to broadcast music appropriated by the powerful to become a technique of social control. The chapter charts four key stages in the social history of music in British workplaces. First, it highlights the existence of widespread cultures of singing at work prior to industrialization, and outlines the important meanings these cultures had for workers. Next, it outlines the silencing of the singing voice within the workplace further to industrialization—either from direct employer bans on singing, or from the roar of the industrial noise. The third key stage involves the carefully controlled employer- and state-led reintroduction of music in the workplace in the mid-twentieth century—through the centralized relaying of specific forms of music via broadcast systems in workplaces. The chapter ends with an examination of contemporary musicking in relation to (often worker-led) radio music played in workplaces.

scholarly journals SOME NOTES ON THE ‘NEW APULEIUS’

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Lukas J. Dorfbauer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin Translation ◽  
Latin Text ◽  
The Third ◽  
Editio Princeps

In 2016 Justin Stover published an important editio princeps of a fragmentarily preserved text that was originally discovered by Raymond Klibansky in the first half of the twentieth century: a kind of Summarium librorum Platonis which Klibansky took as a Latin translation of a lost Greek original, whereas Stover argues it was written by Apuleius, namely as the third book of his De Platone. The following notes deal primarily with details pertaining to the constitution of the text, but I will start with one remark on a detail of Stover's translation and close with a discussion concerning the alleged medieval reception of the so-called ‘New Apuleius’. Chapters, pages, Latin text, apparatus criticus entries, and translations are quoted according to Stover's edition; all bold highlights are mine, as are all translations from works other than the ‘New Apuleius’ if not indicated otherwise.

scholarly journals Existing Analytical Frameworks for Information Behaviour Don’t Fully Explain HIV/AIDS Information Exchange in Rural Communities in Ontario, Canada

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Kate Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Gate Keeping ◽  
Aids Information ◽  
Hiv Aids

A Review of: Veinot, T., Harris, R., Bella, L., Rootman, I., & Krajnak, J. (2006). HIV/AIDS Information exchange in rural communities: Preliminary findings from a three-province study. Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science, 30(3/4), 271-290. Objective –To explore and analyze, against three theoretical frameworks of information behaviours, how people with HIV/AIDS, their friends, and their family living in rural communities find information on HIV/AIDS. Design – Qualitative, individual, in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Setting – Two rural regions in Ontario, Canada. Subjects – Sixteen participants; 10 people with HIV/AIDS (PHAs) and 6 family members or friends. Methods – Participants were recruited through health care providers, social service agencies and through snowball sampling. Semi-structure interviews were conducted focusing on participants’ experience with HIV/AIDS, how they find and use information on HIV/AIDS, networks for information exchange and the effect of technology on information exchange. Interviews were taped, transcribed, analyzed qualitatively using NVivo software. Results were compared to three theoretical frameworks for information behaviour: 1. purposeful information seeking (i.e., the idea that people purposefully seek information to bridge perceived knowledge gaps); 2. non-purposeful or incidental information acquisition (i.e., the idea that people absorb information from going about daily activities); and 3. information gate keeping (i.e., the concept of private individuals who act as community links and filters for information gathering and dissemination). Main Results – Consistent with the theories: • PHAs prefer to receive information from people they have a personal relationship with, particularly their physician and especially other PHAs. • PHAs’ friends and families rely on their friends and family for information, and are particularly reliant upon the PHA in their lives. • Fear of stigma and discrimination cause some to avoid seeking information or to prefer certain sources of information, such as healthcare providers, who are bound by codes of professional conduct. • Emotional support is important in information provision and its presence supersedes the professional role of the provider (social workers and counsellors were identified as key information sources over medical professionals in this instance). Participants responded negatively to the perceived lack of support from providers including doubting the information provided. • PHAs monitor their worlds and keep up to date about HIV/AIDS. Inconsistent with theories: • Reliance on caregivers for information is not solely explained by fear of stigma or exposure. Rather, it is the specialized knowledge and immersion in HIV/AIDS which is valued. • The distinction between peer or kin sources of information and institutional information sources is less clear and relationships with professionals can turn personal over time. • Inter-personal connections include organisations, not just individuals, particularly AIDS Service Organizations and HIV specialist clinics. • Relatively few incidents of finding useful information about HIV/AIDS incidentally were described. The concept of information just being “out there” was not really applicable to rural settings, likely due to the lack of discussion within participant communities and local media. When it was discussed, participants reported being more likely to gain misinformation through their personal networks. • Incidental information acquisition originates mostly from professional and organisational sources. Participants identified posters, leaflets, and, for those who interacted with organisations, information via mail as contributing to current awareness. • The gate keeping concept does not capture all the information sharing activities undertaken by “gate keepers” in rural areas, and neither does it include formal providers of information, yet all PHAs interviewed identified formal providers as key sources. Conclusion – The findings reinforce some of the existing analytical framework theories, particularly the importance of affective components (i.e. emotional supports) of information seeking, the presence of monitoring behaviours, and of interpersonal sources of information. However, alternate theories may need to be explored as the role of institutional information sources in the lives of PHAs doesn’t match the theoretical predication and the “gate keeper” concept doesn’t capture a significant portion of that role in rural HIV/AIDS information exchange.

Collecting to understand: the art of children and the medical-pedagogical approach in twentieth-century Portugal

2021 ◽  
pp. 0957154X2110037
Author(s):  
João Pedro Fróis
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Child Psychiatry ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
Children's Art ◽  
The Third

In this essay I look at the art of children as a tool in the medical-pedagogical approach, as proposed by the founder of child psychiatry in Portugal, Vítor Fontes (1893–1979). First, the topic of the art of children is introduced, and the second part focuses on the model of medical pedagogy as it was practised in Portugal. The third and fourth parts present Fontes’s own investigations on the drawings of children with intellectual disabilities under observation at the Instituto Médico-Pedagógico António Aurélio da Costa Ferreira (IAACF) in Lisbon. In the conclusion it is argued that Fontes contributed to the development of child psychiatry in Portugal by showing that children’s art can mirror their cognitive and emotional development.

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