scholarly journals FOOD SAFETY OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Risa Mahdewi ◽  
Desia Rakhma Banjarani
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
International Law ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Genetically Modified Organism ◽  
Cartagena Protocol ◽  
Modern Biotechnology ◽  
Biodiversity Convention ◽  
Biotechnology Products

Modern biotechnology products have provided considerable benefits for improving human life and well-being, both in the agriculture, food, industry and human health sectors, as well as in the environmental field. But there are concerns that modern biotechnology products, in addition to providing benefits, also have risks that have adverse impacts on the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and human health. Therefore, steps need to be taken, both legally, administratively, and technology to ensure the level of biological safety.This study aims to explain and analyze the safety of Genetically Modified Organism or GMO according to international law and their implementation in Indonesia. The problem approach used in this research is normative law (library research). The data used are secondary data obtained from international, national legal regulations and literature data related to material that supports discussion of the problem. Analysis of the data used is descriptive qualitative.The results of research on food safety of Genetically Modified Organism or GMO according to international law, are regulations on food safety of genetically engineered products regulated in the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. The laws and regulations governing GMO food in Indonesia are good enough because they have carried out the mandate and did not deviate from the biodiversity convention and Cartagena protocol by passing legislation regulations from the legal level to the decision level of the head of BPOM. It’s just that for rules regarding GMO food that is sold in retail, or that is not in the form of packaging, there is still no technical rules that can answer the problems in the field.

Why the European Food Safety Authority was right to reject health claims for probiotics

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Katan
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
European Food Safety Authority ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Medical Claims ◽  
Eu Regulation ◽  
Legal Fiction ◽  
Health And Well Being

Probiotics are microbes that are claimed to promote health and well-being when added to foods. However, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has so far advised negatively about health claims for probiotics. Companies and scientists have protested against these rejections, sometimes in vigorous language. I argue that EFSA could not have acted differently, given EU regulations and the lack of convincing evidence for some of the claimed effects of probiotics on human health and well-being. One EU regulation that makes it hard to demonstrate the benefits of probiotics is the prohibition of medical claims, i.e. claims that a food prevents or cures a disease. If this prohibition did not exist, manufacturers of nutritional treatments might circumvent the costly procedures required for drugs, and market their products to ill people without thorough proof that they are effective and safe. However, the prohibition is also a legal fiction, because promotion of health and prevention of disease is largely the same thing. EFSA has recently indicated that it will allow health claims based on the ability of probiotics to reduce infections. To a certain extent, this abolishes the distinction between health claims and medical claims. It remains to be seen if probiotics producers can convince EFSA that their products prevent or cure infections and other diseases in humans.

Organismos Genèticamente Modificados y Riesgos Sanitarios y Medioambientales (Genetically Modified Organisms and Sanitary and Environmental Risks) by Justo Corti Varela. Madrid: Editorial Reus, 2010, 406 pp., € 41.50, Softcover.

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-625
Author(s):  
Marcos A. Orellana
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
The Precautionary Principle

Biotechnology is one of the great innovations of our time. While Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) present an advance in food safety and other fields, GMOs also pose risks to human health and biodiversity that are still subject to scientific uncertainty. Given the scientific uncertainty about the risks to people and the environment, the precautionary principle acquires a central role in the debate on these organisms. At the same time, the existence of an adequate regulatory framework that allows the management of those risks becomes critical.

scholarly journals Review of the Issues and Governance of Genetically Modified Organism in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.30) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hafis Aliaziz ◽  
Suhaimi Ab Rahma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Genetically Modified Organism ◽  
Modern Biotechnology ◽  
The Government

This paper discusses the issues of modern practice of biotechnology in Malaysia. As a developing country, Malaysia is putting a lot of effort on the development of biotechnology which is targeted to be a new economic engine for the country. Although the modern biotechnology with the focus in producing genetically modified products seems to give many benefits, but it has raised concerns on several issues arising out of the use of the modified organisms.  Thus, a good governance of GMO is required to control the issues so that it can reduce the concerns over safety and halal issues. It is suggested that although the government has introduced laws that govern the practice of biotechnology, it still requires improvement so it can provide overall control to the practice of modern biotechnology in Malaysia.  

The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the Wto—Co-Existence or Incoherence?

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif H. Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Cartagena Protocol On Biosafety ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Cartagena Protocol ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Liberal Trade ◽  
Biotechnology Products ◽  
New Millennium

The beginning of the new millennium spawned a biosafety protocol1 for the transboundary movement of genetically modified organisms,2 against the background of an existing WTO code3 concerned mainly with liberal trade. The co-existence of the two codes, and their almost separate development, reflects the fact that the international movement of GMOs raises concerns both of biosafety and liberal trade. However, their co-existence also invites a number of questions—viz., the level to which they complement each other, the level of duplication, and the levels to which they are adequate qua normative frameworks for biotechnology products. In short, the two systems beg the question whether they co-exist happily, or provide for incoherence. This article is not intended as an exhaustive analysis of the codes, but rather as a framework for a focus on the respective codes, as well as their relationship to each other, from a legal perspective.

Biosafety Regulation Trends in Southern and Southeastern Asia

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen Kurokawa ◽  
Darryl Macer
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Adequate Level ◽  
Cartagena Protocol On Biosafety ◽  
Cartagena Protocol ◽  
Modern Biotechnology ◽  
Environmental Agreement ◽  
Living Modified Organisms

AbstractIntroductionBiosafety is becoming an ever increasingly important issue as more varieties and greater numbers of living modified organisms (LMOs) move across territorial boundaries. The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is a multilateral environmental agreement (MEA) that, at its core, attempts to strike a balance between trade interests in biotechnology and protection of biological diversity. Article 1 of the Protocol succinctly summarizes its objectives: “to contribute to ensuring an adequate level of protection in the field of the safe transfer, handling and use of living modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology that may have adverse effects on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, taking also into account risks to human health and specifically focusing on transboundary movements”.

scholarly journals Türkiye’de Üretilen Mısırlarda Mikotoksin Düzeylerinin ve GDO Varlığının Araştırılması

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Sanem Argın ◽  
Sibel Şimşek Yazıcı
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Total Aflatoxin ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Fumonisin B2

In Turkey, there is a continuous increase in the annual production of corn. Nevertheless, consumers’ perception of corn becomes more negative each day, since corn is the most genetically modified product worldwide, after soybean. While the potential negative effects of genetically modified corn are being debated, the greatest threat to human health in corn is the presence of mycotoxins. In this study, corn samples were collected from 634 fields in 552 villages of 24 cities in Turkey, and the presence of GMO, aflatoxin B1, total aflatoxins, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol was investigated. No transgenic element was found in any of the corn samples. The total aflatoxin levels of the corn samples were found to be below the Turkish Food Codex limit and, among the total of 634 samples, only one sample exceeded the Turkish Food Codex limit for aflatoxin B1. Moreover, no T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol were detected in the samples. The total amounts of fumonisins were also found to be below the Turkish Food Codex limit. These results show that domestically produced corn meets the standards for food safety.

Health and Medicine in the Islamic Tradition

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-90
Author(s):  
Dennis Michael Warren
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Medical Tradition ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The late Dr. Fazlur Rahman, Harold H. Swift Distinguished Service Professor of Islamic Thought at the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, has written this book as number seven in the series on Health/Medicine and the Faith Traditions. This series has been sponsored as an interfaith program by The Park Ridge Center, an Institute for the study of health, faith, and ethics. Professor Rahman has stated that his study is "an attempt to portray the relationship of Islam as a system of faith and as a tradition to human health and health care: What value does Islam attach to human well-being-spiritual, mental, and physical-and what inspiration has it given Muslims to realize that value?" (xiii). Although he makes it quite clear that he has not attempted to write a history of medicine in Islam, readers will find considerable depth in his treatment of the historical development of medicine under the influence of Islamic traditions. The book begins with a general historical introduction to Islam, meant primarily for readers with limited background and understanding of Islam. Following the introduction are six chapters devoted to the concepts of wellness and illness in Islamic thought, the religious valuation of medicine in Islam, an overview of Prophetic Medicine, Islamic approaches to medical care and medical ethics, and the relationship of the concepts of birth, contraception, abortion, sexuality, and death to well-being in Islamic culture. The basis for Dr. Rahman's study rests on the explication of the concepts of well-being, illness, suffering, and destiny in the Islamic worldview. He describes Islam as a system of faith with strong traditions linking that faith with concepts of human health and systems for providing health care. He explains the value which Islam attaches to human spiritual, mental, and physical well-being. Aspects of spiritual medicine in the Islamic tradition are explained. The dietary Jaws and other orthodox restrictions are described as part of Prophetic Medicine. The religious valuation of medicine based on the Hadith is compared and contrasted with that found in the scientific medical tradition. The history of institutionalized medical care in the Islamic World is traced to awqaf, pious endowments used to support health services, hospices, mosques, and educational institutions. Dr. Rahman then describes the ...

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