Trends in Intergenerational Earnings Mobility in the U.S.

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela R. Fertig
Keyword(s):  
Transition Matrix ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Earnings Mobility ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Matrix Coefficients ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The U.S

This paper examines the trend in intergenerational earnings mobility by estimating ordinary least squares, quantile regression, and transition matrix coefficients using five cohorts from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The results indicate that mobility in real earnings increased for sons with respect to fathers and remained constant for all other parent-child pairs. The findings from the father-son sample also suggest that the difference between the mobility levels of the rich and the poor narrowed over this period. These results suggest that a rise in equality of opportunity for sons accompanied the recent growth in inequality.

Stuff goes wrong, so act now

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michala Iben Riis-Vestergaard ◽  
Johannes Haushofer
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Difference

AbstractPepper & Nettle make an ambitious and compelling attempt to isolate a common cause of what they call the behavioral constellation of deprivation. We agree with the authors that limited control can indeed help explain part of the difference in observed present-oriented behavior between the poor and the rich. However, we suggest that mortality risk is not the primary mechanism leading to this apparent impatience.

scholarly journals Tenure, Turnover, And Earnings Profiles In Germany And The United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Couch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Job Turnover ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Employment Tenure ◽  
Returns To Experience ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Male Workers

Employment tenure, job turnover and returns to general and specific skills are examined for male workers in Germany and the United States using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics.  Employment in Germany is characterized by longer duration and less frequent turnover than in the United States.  Returns to experience and tenure are lower in Germany than in the U.S.; however, peak earnings occur later.  This delayed peak in the employment-earnings profile provides an incentive for German workers to remain longer with their employers and change jobs less frequently.

scholarly journals The Effects of a Between-Wave Incentive Experiment on Contact Update and Production Outcomes in a Panel Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. McGonagle ◽  
Robert F. Schoeni ◽  
Mick P. Couper
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Overall Response Rate ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Overall Response ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Contact Information ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Since 1969, families participating in the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) have been sent a mailing asking them to update or verify their contact information in order to keep track of their whereabouts between waves. Having updated contact information prior to data collection is associated with fewer call attempts, less tracking, and lower attrition. Based on these advantages, two experiments were designed to increase response rates to the between wave contact mailing. The first experiment implemented a new protocol that increased the overall response rate by 7-10 percentage points compared to the protocol in place for decades on the PSID. This article provides results from the second experiment which examines the basic utility of the between-wave mailing, investigates how incentives affect article cooperation to the update request and field effort, and attempts to identify an optimal incentive amount. Recommendations for the use of contact update strategies in panel studies are made.

Income Inequality, Life Satisfaction, and Economic Worries

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Roth ◽  
Elisabeth Hahn ◽  
Frank M. Spinath
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
National Level ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Income Disparity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich

We analyzed the effect of income inequality on Germans’ life satisfaction considering factors explaining the mechanism of this relationship. Based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study for the years 1984 to 2012, we found a negative relationship between national-level income disparity and average life satisfaction, meaning that people felt happier in years with lower inequality. The effect was completely mediated by economic worries, which increased with rising inequality and in turn reduced people’s satisfaction. However, people’s reaction to inequality depended on their income level: Considering the direct effect of inequality, higher income disparity was clearly detrimental only for the poor and the middle class. Moreover, we found a significant mediation through economic worries for the middle class but not for the poor. The rich showed a more complex pattern of interrelations with both, positive and negative effects of inequality when controlling for economic worries.

Food insecurity in the PSID: A comparison with the levels, trends, and determinants in the CPS, 1999–2017

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Laura Tiehen ◽  
Cody N. Vaughn ◽  
James P. Ziliak
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

Food insecurity, defined as a condition of limited or uncertain access to adequate food, is a widely used measure of well-being in the U.S. The survey module in the Current Population Survey (CPS) that is used to generate the official U.S. food insecurity measure is also included on multiple waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), offering the first opportunity to answer key research questions on the persistence of food insecurity within and across generations. We assess the validity of the food insecurity measure in the PSID by comparing it to the CPS. We find that, although estimated food insecurity rates in the PSID are lower than those in the CPS, the trends over time in the two datasets are similar, and the rates converge from the 1999–2003 period to the 2015–17 period. Our findings lend credence to the use of the PSID for food insecurity research.

scholarly journals Keeping up with the Joneses: How Households Fared in the Era of High Income Inequality and the Housing Price Bubble, 1999–2007

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Fligstein ◽  
Orestes P Hastings ◽  
Adam Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
The United States ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Price Bubble ◽  
Housing Costs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Residential Moves ◽  
The U.S

Sociologists conceptualize lifestyles as structured hierarchically where people seek to emulate those higher up. Growing income inequality in the United States means those at the top bid up the price of valued goods like housing and those in lower groups have struggled to maintain their relative positions. We explore this process in the context of the U.S. housing market from 1999 to 2007 by analyzing over 4,000 residential moves from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Houses are the ultimate status symbol. Their size, quality, and location signal to others that one has (or has not) arrived. We show that in areas where income inequality was higher, all movers went deeper into debt and increased their monthly housing costs to live in more desirable neighborhoods. But because people at the top of the income distribution had so much more money, they were able to take on less debt to keep their position in the status queue. Everyone below them who made a move to buy a house took on more debt, particularly in areas with higher income inequality. This evidence suggests that growing inequality implies that those at the top buy the best homes while others struggle to keep pace amid rising housing costs.

scholarly journals Alleviating Poverty

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Phatak
Keyword(s):  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Impact

This essay is focused on an important subject discussed all over the country and the world, especially in political circles and among policymakers. There is a need established that to be able to pull individuals and communities out of poverty, we need that, meaningful employment is generated for a very large number of people. World over, certain approaches have been used by the policy makers which seem to increase the divide between the haves and have-nots. The policy of industrialization is leading nations into widening the gap between rich and the poor. It is also creating undesirable side effects by way of ‘pollution’ and depletion of resources at an ever increasing pace. This situation leads to the author’s belief that something is not right. Such policies will not lead to sustainable livelihoods for masses. Hence this attempt to explore alternative policies, which could provide a viable approach to alleviating poverty. Poverty alleviation is indeed a noble goal. All of us must also be seriously concerned about the difference in the standard of living between the rich and the poor. Moreover, our objective must be to see how the masses can live well and peacefully. Around the world and within our country, being unemployed is not the best state to be in. Employment in this context is gainful occupation. The impact of such unemployment has been disastrous. This has led to militancy on one hand and ongoing unrest in many a city on the other. The way forward, as proposed since many decades and being followed incessantly, is “consumerism” to help us get out of this mess. Industrial mode of employment generation has been linked to production and productivity. But all aspects of Industrial production are linked to use of natural resources to produce intermediate goods. This means any additional employment generated would dip further into the natural resource reserves. Can one think of a very different model of generating employment? Employment which does not dip into the reserves? Employment that can restore biological resources? There seems to be an opportunity for more thinking at the policy level to understand the root causes of unemployment and how we can tackle these for creating employment that can sustain, resulting in sustainable elimination of poverty.

scholarly journals Giving In A Time Of Terrorism

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter O. Simmons ◽  
Rosemarie Emanuele
Keyword(s):  
Panel Study ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

Recent research in psychology suggest that altruism and altruistic decisions may, in fact, be endogenous and depend on the social situation in which people find themselves. People are more likely to be altruistic, to give to charities and others in need, when they feel secure and safe. This paper looks at the implications of a persons perceived state of security on giving now that there are terrorist threats in the U.S. We use data from the Center on Philanthropy Panel Study (COPPS), and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (the PSID) to test for endogenous changes in giving and volunteering from before and after the 2001 terrorist attacks. We find evidence indicating that increasing uncertainty resulted in a decline in the giving of both money and time, holding other variables constant, but the relationship is not significant.

Partial Equality

Dialogue ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-798
Author(s):  
Colin M. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Equality Of Opportunity ◽  
Difference Principle ◽  
Historical Injustice ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Current Distributions ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
The World ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Difference

Despite the diversity and important disagreement which characterizes theorizing in political philosophy, most contemporary theories of justice yield remarkably similar verdicts on the moral adequacy of current distributions of wealth, income, and opportunity. By almost any standard of justice defended today, we live in a profoundly unjust world. It is obvious, for instance, that utilitarianism, the difference principle, equality of resources, and even modest-sounding principles of equality of opportunity all condemn the yawning gulf which separates the rich and the poor of the world. Even Nozick's recommendation that the difference principle be used as a rough principle for rectifying historical injustice indicates how little immediate practical difference there is between Rawls's theory and its supposed libertarian antithesis. All this suggests that there is a surprising theoretical consensus about the immediate practical demands of justice. In short, moving toward justice requires substantially reducing the dramatic inequalities which plague our world.

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