scholarly journals Beyond “PTSD”: How stories and artworks that “make strange” can serve as signposts on new maps toward the communalization of military trauma

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAUREN SPRING
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Transformative Learning ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Military Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Critical Literature

The psychiatric system, in large part due to its reliance on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), has a tendency to pathologize ordinary human reactions to difficult life events, and to individualize treatments for “mental illness.” This article builds on existing literature that is critical of psychiatry and proposes that art and stories that ‘make strange’ and elude easy interpretation may serve as a powerful counterpoint or complement to the ‘standard way of doing things’ when it comes to mental health care. Using military trauma as an example, this article highlights the inadequacies of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as a diagnostic category; and, drawing from critical literature in the field and the author’s own experiences working with groups of traumatized veterans, it illustrates how and why ancient mythology and modern art especially may serve as useful tools for those who are having problems with living. The ‘disorienting dilemmas’ and consciousness-raising discussions such works evoke have the potential to touch on vital, nuanced, and philosophical aspects of trauma and suffering that are too often overlooked by the psychiatric profession.Keywords: military trauma; mental health; modern art; theatre; ancient mythology; transformative learning; museums; PTSD.

scholarly journals Caesar in Vietnam: Did Roman Soldiers Suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder?

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
AISLINN MELCHIOR
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Post Traumatic

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) made its first appearance in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 1980, partly as a result of the ongoing treatment of veterans from the Vietnam War. Although PTSD is not only or even primarily a disorder caused by combat, combat is a regular trigger and my chief concern in what follows. Therefore I will not be examining such evidence as exists for the psychological traumas of civilians in the ancient world who were exposed to violence, rape, enslavement, or the execution of family members in the context of conquest. My focus is on the soldier.

scholarly journals Preventing PTSD, depression and associated health problems in student paramedics: protocol for PREVENT-PTSD, a randomised controlled trial of supported online cognitive training for resilience versus alternative online training and standard practice

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. bmjopen-2018-022292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Wild ◽  
Shama El-Salahi ◽  
Gabriella Tyson ◽  
Hjördis Lorenz ◽  
Carmine M Pariante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Online Training ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Randomised Controlled

IntroductionEmergency workers dedicate their lives to promoting public health and safety, yet suffer higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression (MD) compared with the general population. They also suffer an associated increased risk for physical health problems, which may be linked to specific immunological and endocrine markers or changes in relevant markers. Poor physical and mental health is costly to organisations, the National Health Service and society. Existing interventions aimed at reducing risk of mental ill health in this population are not very successful. More effective preventative interventions are urgently needed. We first conducted a large-scale prospective study of newly recruited student paramedics, identifying two cognitive factors (rumination and resilience appraisals) that predicted episodes of PTSD and MD over a 2-year period. We then developed internet-delivered cognitive training for resilience (iCT-R), a supported online intervention, to modify cognitive predictors. This protocol is for a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of the resilience intervention.Methods and analysis570 student paramedics will be recruited from participating universities. They will be randomly allocated to iCT-R or to supported online training of an alternative, widely available intervention or to training-as-usual. Follow-up will occur after the intervention/standard practice period and at 6, 12 and 24 months. Primary outcomes include rates of PTSD and MD and subsydnromal PTSD and MD, measured by the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, the Patient-Health Questionnaire-9 and the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition. Secondary outcomes include measures of resilience, rumination, anxiety, psychological distress, well-being, salivary cortisol, plasma levels of C-reactive protein, smoking and alcohol use, weight gain, sleep problems, health-related quality of life, health resource utilisation and productivity.Ethics and disseminationThe Medical Sciences Inter-Divisional Research Ethics Committee at the University of Oxford granted approval, reference: R44116/RE001. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Access to raw data and participant information will be available only to members of the research team.Trial registration numberISRCTN16493616; Pre-results.

Usefulness of a DSM Criteria-Based Inventory for Screening for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-456
Author(s):  
Benedetto Farina ◽  
Piero Venturi ◽  
Antonio Onofri ◽  
Michele Raja ◽  
Massimo Di Giannantonio
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Low Sensitivity

AbstractThe aim of the study is to evaluate the self-administered Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition criteria-based inventory for the screening of post-traumatic stress disorder. Due to its low sensitivity (57%) and high specificity (88%), it could be useful as a second step of a screening procedure in combination with other validated, self-report instruments. The clinical implications of the findings and the limitations of the study are discussed.

scholarly journals Harry Potter and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual: Muggle Disorders in the Wizarding World

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Louise M. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Harry Potter ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dementia Of Alzheimer’S Type ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Positive Memories

J.K. Rowling has created a wizarding world almost entirely devoid of mental health issues and treatment. Nonetheless, Harry Potter offers four clear representations of Muggle psychiatric disorders that match the official diagnostic criteria. The most obvious is dementor-induced depression and the ability of both chocolate and the Patronus Charm to neutralize their effects. Rowling shows familiarity with both the published symptoms of clinical depression and its treatment. The Patronus Charm, with its reliance on substituting positive memories for distressing ones, resembles cognitive behavior therapy, a treatment for depression Rowling herself received. The happy memories Harry uses to summon his Patronus are those of successful escapes and his social support network, both factors known to mitigate depression. Additionally, the incapacitation of Frank and Alice Longbottom resembles advanced dementia of Alzheimer’s type; their son Neville shows behavioral traits that might be expected both in the son of an Alzheimer’s patient and in a boy raised by a grandmother. Alastor “Mad-Eye” Moody’s name and actions suggest he is a prototype of post-traumatic stress disorder, while Winky the house-elf embodies Stockholm syndrome. The sympathetic portrayal of characters with psychological disorders may enhance moral development and promote understanding of mental illness.

PTSD As Portrayed in Finn’s The Woman in The Window and Murakami’s Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage: A Comparative Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-556
Author(s):  
Adil Fadillah
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Post Traumatic

This thesis is entitled “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder as Portrayed in A.J. Finn’s Novel The Woman in the Window and Haruki Murakami’s Novel Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage: A Comparative Literature Analysis”. The writer is interested in analyzing the two novels because they have the same motive is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. In this thesis the writer uses two novels as the object, there is The Woman in the Window (2018) from England and Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage (2013) from Japan. This study aims to find out how Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is portrayed in the two literary works and to find the affinities and differences regarding the issue in forms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder that the main characters are suffering from using Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder‘s theory by American Psychiatric Association through the fifth edition of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). Both main characters of the two literary works, Anna Fox and Tsukuru Tazaki are suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. The study also involves looking at the intrinsic elements to look at the affinities and differences found in the two literary works. In completing the analysis, the writer uses the descriptive qualitative method which represents all the data in the forms of words and sentences. The writer collects data from various sources including The Woman in the Window by A.J. Finn, Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki, and His Years of Pilgrimage by Haruki Murakami, relevant books, articles, and journals to support the analysis. Based on the results of the analysis it can be concluded that the two literary works show affinities and differences regarding Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder that is experienced by the two main characters of both literary works.  

scholarly journals THE SYRIAN WAR AND POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 870-876
Author(s):  
Eid G. Abo Hamza ◽  
Majd A. Gharib A. M. ◽  
Rami A. Gharib ◽  
Ahmed A. Moustafa
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Syrian Conflict

Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of posttraumatic distress disorder (PTSD) amongst Syrian whom lived in under the war.  Methodology: The study has utilized a survey to observe the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Syrian people who lived inside Syria during the Syrian conflict The survey uses the PTSD checklist for civilians (PCL-C), which measures both the severity of PTSD and the 3 symptoms of it in accordance with “The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” (DSM-IV) that are re-experiencing; avoidance; and hyperarousal. A sample of 600 random Syrian people participated in the current study.   Findings: The PTSD test results show a widespread of the trauma in Syria based on the result of the test as 53percent of the participants had symptoms corresponding to the recommended diagnosis, which is expected due to horrors of war and terrorism-related events. Implications: Results suggest that it is imperative to provide intervention programs to treat PTSD symptoms among people who live in Syria. The participants' cultural and religious backgrounds should be taken into account in these programs. The originality of the Study: This Syrian war research has contributed to a spike in symptoms of PTSD and depression among children in Syria.

Classification and descriptive psychopathology of post-traumatic stress disorder and other stressor-related disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 819-828
Author(s):  
Dean G. Kilpatrick ◽  
Matthew J. Friedman ◽  
Amanda K. Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Post Traumatic

This chapter addresses the new section in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) called ‘Trauma and stressor-related disorders’. All diagnoses within this category have two things in common: (1) a discrete traumatic/adverse event or experience that preceded the onset or aggravation of symptoms; and (2) a wide range of cognitions, emotions, and behaviours embedded within DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for each disorder. The chapter also discusses the comparable proposed diagnostic criteria for the eleventh edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Current considerations and challenges regarding the classification of stressor-related disorders are reviewed.

scholarly journals PTSD in paramedics: history, conceptual issues and psychometric measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 495-502
Author(s):  
Kamran Baqai
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Post Traumatic

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is more common in paramedics than in the general population because of the stressful and distressing nature of their work. Forms of PTSD associated with chronic stress and repeated trauma are scarcely researched among paramedics. This is striking as this workforce is potentially more likely to be affected by these types of PTSD. Diagnostic processes are still largely based on acute rather than chronic psychological trauma. PTSD diagnosis has been influenced by sociological perceptions of mental illness and changes in diagnostic criteria. Criteria for the diagnosis of PTSD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Classification of Diseases have changed in the past decade, which may facilitate more appropriate diagnoses of PTSD in paramedics. Paramedics often have a complex aetiology of PTSD resulting from experiences of both chronic and acute events. Questionnaires that cover exposure to both individual and repeated stressful events are required to enable further research in the area of PTSD in paramedics.

scholarly journals A cry for help: Dramatherapists can intervene to change the language and environment in mental health care by engaging critically with the new diagnostic category of Complex PTSD

Dramatherapy ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 026306722110682
Author(s):  
Lee-Anne Widnall
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Cry For Help ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Management Approaches

In funded healthcare settings, access to dramatherapy and other arts therapies is limited. Patients suffering the long-term emotional effects of childhood or prolonged trauma are often not helped by short-term funded therapies. These therapies that engage in the diagnostic model of suffering with disorder specific research speak little to those suffering multiple traumas. This leaves dramatherapists unable to reach those most in need of their skills. At the same time, survivors are left bewildered and shamed again as they ‘fail’ to benefit from the limited symptom management approaches on offer. While the diagnostic model of suffering may be approaching obsolescence, what still seems a long way away is a major overhaul of the mainstream understanding of suffering and mental health that could fuel a reorganisation of how services are delivered and research conducted. In this context, the new diagnostic criteria of Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in the International Classification of Diseases-11 provides an opportunity and perhaps even a rallying cry for dramatherapists to evidence how our skills can provide a framework and method for survivors to re-imagine themselves and understand and claim their place in the world by loosening the chains of fear and shame.

scholarly journals Assessing the Feasibility of Providing a Family Skills Intervention, “Strong Families”, for Refugee Families Residing in Reception Centers in Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4530
Author(s):  
Aala El-Khani ◽  
Karin Haar ◽  
Milos Stojanovic ◽  
Wadih Maalouf
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Emotional Challenges ◽  
Refugee Families ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Family Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Depression

War exposure and forced displacement threatens the wellbeing of caregivers and their children, leaving them at risk of negative outcomes, such as elevated rates of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. The importance of engaged, responsive and stable parenting for positive child wellbeing has been documented across diverse cultural and economic backgrounds. Despite the higher need for caregivers to be nurturing in challenging settings, they struggle to provide adequate support for their children due to lack of resources or their inability to deal with their own emotional challenges. A feasibility study was conducted of a new, open-access and light-touch family skills intervention, Strong Families (for families in humanitarian and challenged settings) on refugee families residing in Reception Centers in Serbia. Questionnaires and interviews were completed by participating caregivers and facilitators. Qualitative results indicated that the intervention was feasible to run in this humanitarian context, that caregivers viewed the intervention as culturally acceptable and complemented the quantitative results that showed promise for enhancing child behavior and family functioning tested indicators. Despite being a light intervention, Strong Families indicated improvement on child mental health, parenting practices and parent and family adjustment skills. Prioritizing family mental health and functioning as a primary need that parallels that of accessing physical medical care, sanitation and clean water must be the definitive next step in humanitarian aid.

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