scholarly journals Contradictions of Modern Society: The Poor, the Gamblers and the Grotesque Sovereignty

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-404
Author(s):  
Frank Ruda
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Grotesque

The present article considers a fundamental problem of modern societies that manifests in the phenomena of poverty and wealth. This problem will be addressed by drawing on three thinkers who provide insights that will be condensed into one coherent theoretical position: Luhmann, Hegel and Foucault. Traversing these positions will allow to show in what way a constellation of their thoughts can help to understand pressing issues of modern society.

Taking Forward Roger's Interest in the Relationship between the Early Modern Family, Demography, Economy and Government Policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Simon Szreter
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Poor

This paper describes how Roger Schofield came to characterise the English social system of the early modern period as 'individualist-collectivist', in which individualism is located within a larger structure and context of collectivism. It discusses this in the context of his contributions to the book he co-edited with John Walter in 1989, entitled Famine, Disease and the Social Order in Early Modern Society. Roger's work related the evidence of demographic and epidemiological change not only to family structures, ideological belief systems and government policy, as saliently represented by effects of the poor laws, but also to economic productivity as a dependent variable. That was quite the opposite of the dominant orthodoxy of the post-war era, which was that demography and epidemiology were driven by economics, not vice versa. This has the implication for our own era that constructive government policy has repeatedly played an important positive role in the economic productivity of the nation and that tax-funded generous support for the poor is a central part of that, which citizens should positively support.

Access to Justice: Legal Aid to the Poor at Civil Law Courts in the Eighteenth-Century Low Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Griet Vermeesch
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Law Courts ◽  
Legal Entitlement

Medieval and early modern rulers commonly proclaimed that protecting the legal entitlements of the personae miserabiles, who included widows, orphans, the chronically ill and “the poor,” was among their principal duties. The entitlement of the poor to legal services was not a matter of grace but was in fact their “good right.” For example, widows, orphans, and other personae miserabili had the privilege of being heard in first instance before high courts, so as to save time and costs in pursuing their legal claims. Another example of manifest commitment to legal entitlement for the poor was the refusal of Philip II of Habsburg to consent to measures that would limit the jurisdiction of his Castilian chanceries; the measures had been proposed so as to limit the chanceries’ ever-increasing workload, but, because they could also restrict indigents' access to such courts, were rejected by the monarch. At first glance, such inclusiveness appears to have been achieved, particularly in view of the large numbers of petty conflicts brought before formal law courts during the long sixteenth century, leading to a so-called “legal revolution.” Historians generally acknowledge that broad layers of early modern society made abundant use of civil adjudication in arranging their social and economic relations and interests.

scholarly journals The Social Implications of Metaphor in Bong Joon-ho’s Parasite

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-116
Author(s):  
Alireza Farahbakhsh ◽  
Ramtin Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Capitalistic Society

The purpose of the present article is to study the social implications of repetitive metaphors in the film and of the word Parasite (2019) and to observe what makes the life of a lower-class family parasitic within a typical capitalistic society. In the mainstream discussion, the metaphorical functions of such words as ‘smell,’ ‘insects,’ ‘the rock,’ and ‘the party’ are assessed within the context of the film. The central questions of the article, therefore, are: What are the recurrent and metaphorical motifs in the plotline and how can their implications be related to the overall theme of the film? How does Parasite exhibit the clash of classes in a capitalist society? To answer the questions, the present study offers a comprehensive analysis of its recurring metaphors as well as its treatment of the characters who visibly belong to two completely different classes. Through a complex story of two families whose fate gets intermingled, Bong Joon-ho masterfully presents a metaphoric picture of a society where inequality is rampant and the poor can only experience temporary happiness in the shadow of the rich (represented by the Park family).

scholarly journals SCIENTIA SACRA IN SUFISM AS WELTANSCHAUUNG CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM SPIRITUALITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-90
Author(s):  
Imron Mustofa
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Philosophical Basis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Peripheral Area ◽  
Contemporary Perspective ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Philosophical Nature

This study examines the peripheral area of Sufistic reasoning, where modern humans lose their orientation and cause a psychological crisis—through a fundamental philosophical assessment of the weltanschauung as the axis of Sufism spirituality in Islam, focusing on the contemporary perspective of modern society and the construct of Scientia sacra as the weltanschauung of contemporary Muslim spirituality. The study results confirm that the fundamental problem that represents the relationship between spirituality and modern society is the dualism of the ontology-epistemic framework, as a result of the split understanding between Sufism and its pseudo. The Sufis have built the concept of Scientia sacra based on the integration of theosophical reasoning, ascetic praxis, and philosophical nature. This concept is expected to present conceptual-praxis activities described as exclusive mujahadah , trendy, and introvertistic that “catharsis” themselves from the worldly bustle but have communal, philosophical values closely related to the values rahmat al-khalq. The philosophical basis of this movement originated from theosophical reasoning, transformed into praxis asceticism, and developed as philosophical asceticism. These three elements come from the key statement that Sufism is an existential axis for humans, where the crisis of modern humans is the centrifugal motion of that axis. It is what causes the philosophical values in Sufistic teachings to experience turmoil, ending in a cathartic process towards Scientia sacra as the basis of knowledge, metaphysics, and esotericism.

Die „Erfindung“ der Barmherzigkeit im Alten Israel. Biblische und nachbiblische Perspektiven

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-306
Author(s):  
Shimon Gesundheit
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The One

Abstract For quite a long time it has been part of the opinio communis within Hebrew Bible scholarship that compassion and empathy with persona miserae is in its very meaning invented by Ancient Israel. This view has been challenged by a comparative study of Frank C. Fensham. The present article shows on the one hand that care for the poor, widows and orphans is in fact not innovative. On the other hand, a closer analysis is able to show that the biblical and Jewish care for the strangers, slaves and animals is indeed unique.

Deconcentration by Demolition: Public Housing, Poverty, and Urban Policy

10.1068/d306 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Crump
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Geographic Concentration ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Concentration Of Poverty

During the 1990s, local and federal urban policymakers, neoliberal politicians, and advocates for the poor came to a broad consensus: the geographic concentration of low-income, minority residents in public housing projects located in the inner city constitutes the fundamental problem facing US cities. Accordingly, to solve the problems allegedly associated with the spatial concentration of poverty, public housing, which concentrates low-income people in the inner city, must be demolished and the residents relocated. In this paper I argue that such federal public housing policies are based on a conceptually inadequate understanding of the role of space and of spatial influences on poverty and on the behavior of poor people. The use of spatial metaphors such as the ‘concentration of poverty’ or the ‘deconcentration of the poor’ disguises the social and political processes behind poverty and helps to provide the justification for simplistic spatial solutions to complex social, economic, and political problems.

Mutuality and Mission: A No "Other" Way

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Nothwehr
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
The Poor ◽  
True Love ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Power Needs ◽  
Traditional Norms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn mission, it is not only that one practices love and justice, but also how one practices these virtues that makes the difference in the thriving of humankind. True love and justice require impassioned radical empowerment exemplified by the Incarnation; first, a full identification with poverty and abjectness, and then the relinquishment of power by the powerful and a taking up of power by the poor and the marginalized. This exchange of power needs to be based on mutuality. The present article defines and briefly elaborates on mutuality in its four forms. It then shows what mutuality illuminates and delimits and then indicates the relationship of mutuality to the traditional norms of love and justice. Finally, it indicates how consideration of mutuality can make a difference in mission.

Managers and Consultants as Manipulators Reflections on the Suspension of Ethics

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Sejersted
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
The One

AbstractA businessperson acts, qua businessperson, in two institutional contexts which in principle are completely distinct, and normally entail two different ways of relating to other people; on the one hand as an actor in the market, and on the other as the employees’ manager. We shall assume that different sets of norms govern how to relate to trading partners in the market and how to relate to subordinates in the company. The moral problems which arise in the two different institutions for conducting human relations consequently also differ. The main problem relating to market operations originates in the fact that one achieves the most desirable consequences when the objective as such is difficult to justify on moral grounds. Profit is the target, if necessary at the expense of the person one is dealing with. In this context—i.e. in the market—altruistic considerations, or acting out of consideration for the other party, can produce socially undesirable results. The problems confronting the businessperson as manager are of a different nature. We shall not be considering all aspects of management or consultancy ethics, only what we regard as in principle the fundamental problem, one which in fact applies to all management in modern society.

Caste, Class, and Counsel for the Poor

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Katz
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Distinct Category ◽  
Caste Status ◽  
Historical Periods

In modern society, poverty has been defined not only by quantitative measures of well-being but as a morally distinct category. In turn, the moral status of poverty has frequently been associated with primordial characteristics of race, ethnicity, national origin, or religion. In these moral and ascriptive respects, the social structure of poverty has been related systematically to the thrust of civil legal assistance on behalf of the poor.Cyclically over the past century in the industrialized West, the poor have been organized into a social status with castelike features. In alternating historical periods, not only have the poor been culturally differentiated as an inherently different status group, their qualitative distinction has been institutionally constructed by practices of segregation legally sanctioned by the state. By noting the historically fluctuating phases in the construction of a modern caste of the poor, we may better understand the sociological significance of providing counseling to the poor on their civil legal problems. Modern law quite generally and civil legal assistance to the poor in some narrow but notable ways have significantly promoted the structuring of poverty into caste forms. And the caste status of poverty has shaped the role of lawyers for the poor in several important respects.

scholarly journals The rehabilitation of buildings. Reflections on construction systems for the environmental sustainability of interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Stefania De Gregorio
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Project Sustainability ◽  
Residual Performance ◽  
Construction System

<p>The old age and the poor state of repair of the Italian building heritage and the change in the needs and lifestyle of modern society require re-qualitative interventions of building rehabilitation. These operations are environmentally sustainable, favouring the protection of the soil, allowing the grey energy of the materials that make up the building to be depreciated over a greater number of years and which will have sufficient residual performance, also thanks to integration with other components.</p><p>In order to safeguard the intrinsic sustainability of the rehabilitation of the building, it is necessary to act in the intervention taking into account its sustainability, considering the life cycle of both the building as a whole together with its specific redevelopment project. Sustainability in the management phase is conditioned by energy efficiency; in the construction and demolition phases, however, it is conditioned both by the construction techniques and the connection methods between the different elements of the construction system, and above all by the choice of its components and materials that make it up. The paper presents as an international best practice a dry construction system made with recycled elements derived from scaffolding and a wet construction system consisting of components in lime and hemp.</p>

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