Deconcentration by Demolition: Public Housing, Poverty, and Urban Policy

10.1068/d306 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Crump
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Geographic Concentration ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Concentration Of Poverty

During the 1990s, local and federal urban policymakers, neoliberal politicians, and advocates for the poor came to a broad consensus: the geographic concentration of low-income, minority residents in public housing projects located in the inner city constitutes the fundamental problem facing US cities. Accordingly, to solve the problems allegedly associated with the spatial concentration of poverty, public housing, which concentrates low-income people in the inner city, must be demolished and the residents relocated. In this paper I argue that such federal public housing policies are based on a conceptually inadequate understanding of the role of space and of spatial influences on poverty and on the behavior of poor people. The use of spatial metaphors such as the ‘concentration of poverty’ or the ‘deconcentration of the poor’ disguises the social and political processes behind poverty and helps to provide the justification for simplistic spatial solutions to complex social, economic, and political problems.

scholarly journals The Public Perception of People's Housing Program (PPR) for Slum Settlement Handling in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Yurnal Yurnal ◽  
Anis Shafika Binti Saiful Adli
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Housing Program ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Housing Programs

The purpose of this study was to describe public perceptions of people’s housing programs for handling slums in Malaysia. Malaysia has begun organizing and fostering communities that have lived in slums since 1998 in the 'slum-free Malaysia vision 2005' program, and today Malaysia can be said to have successfully resolved slums, through public housing programs. The type of research used is this research is descriptive qualitative, using accidental sampling as sampling technique. Data collection methods used are interview and documentation methods, with research instruments in the form of interview guidelines. The results showed that the community strongly agreed with the existence of The People’s Housing Program (PPR), especially for the lower middle class and poor people in Malaysia. This program is able to realize the dream of the poor to be able to have a place to live that is suitable for living with family. Furthermore, the program itself is acknowledged by the community as being able to deal with slum settlements in Malaysia, and the poor who are biased in occupying slum areas voluntarily move to the houses provided by this PPR. So, people's perception of the Public Housing Program is very supportive especially to deal with slums in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Os instrumentos da Reforma Urbana e o ideal de cidadania: as contradições em curso

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Correa do Lago
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Urban Policies ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Urban Patterns ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Access Rights

O ensaio busca confrontar o projeto de cidadania, contido no ideário da Reforma Urbana, com os rumos da política urbana brasileira, local e nacional, direcionada para a ampliação dos direitos de acesso à cidade. A análise tem como foco as políticas de regularização e urbanização de assentamentos populares, tendo em vista o lugar central que ocupa, hoje, a ilegalidade da moradia na formulação da questão urbana brasileira e nas ações públicas daí decorrentes. Trata-se de uma avaliação dos princípios das políticas em curso e de seus efeitos no campo valorativo do ideal igualitário. Parte-se da idéia de que os instrumentos legais acionados nos assentamentos, particularmente a Zeis, carregam princípios contraditórios. Questiona-se em que medida as normas e os padrões específicos instituídos nesses territórios institucionalizam duas classes de cidadãos, ou seja, duas referências de bem-estar, de direito social e de direito de propriedade; ambas legais e legítimas. Busca-se contribuir com o debate sobre as possibilidades de “convivência” entre igualdade e diferença, ou mesmo entre igualdade e liberdade, numa sociedade hierarquizada e profundamente desigual, onde a diferença é a expressão da inferioridade dos pobres.Palavras-chave: cidadania; política urbana; habitação. Abstract: The essay searches to confront the project of citizenship, contained in the Urban Reform ideal, with the directions of the Brazilian urban policies, local and national, addressed for the enlargement of the access rights to the city. The analysis has as focus the regularization and urbanization policies in low income areas, based on the central place that occupies, today, the housing illegality in the formulation of the Brazilian urban question and public actions. So, the work is about an evaluation of the principles of the urban policies in course and not of their objective results. The main idea is that the legal instruments used in the poor areas, particularly the Zeis, load contradictory principles. It is questioned in what measure the legal norms and the specific urban patterns instituted in these territories institutionalize two classes of citizens, or two references of welfare, social right and property right; both legal and legitimate ones. One searches to contribute in the debate on the possibilities of “conviviality” between equality and difference, or even, between equality and freedom, in a deeply hierarchical and unequal society, where the difference is the expression of the inferiority of the poor classes.Keywords: citizenship; urban policy; housing.

scholarly journals Analisis Kemiskinan Ditinjau dari Tempat Tinggal, Pekerjaan, Pendapatan, dan Pendidikan di Sulawesi Selatan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasmin Tamsah ◽  
Mariah
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Agricultural Labourers

Poverty is a complex social problem, therefore handling must be complex. This paper aims to uncover the real conditions of the poor in South Sulawesi using resource grounded. Research shows that poor people in South Sulawesi forced to live in slum housing or live in a cramped room, inadequate sanitation, and no proper health standards. They work in the informal sector as a handyman bentor, pedicab drivers, masons, fishermen, or agricultural labourers. This has resulted in their income is very low, the average median IDR5.218 per day per person or IDR36.526 per day per family, while the expenditure of the poor at IDR6.147 per day per person or at IDR43.031 per day per family. Low income causes a very low level of education. The long -term problem, if it is down to the next generation, will be very dangerous for the survival of their families in particular and the next generation in general.

Redistributing the Poor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Lara-Millán
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Social Suffering ◽  
The Poor

This book argues that the changes taking place in the United States’ largest jails and public hospitals have been drastically misunderstood. And more generally, the way that states govern urban poverty at the turn of the twenty-first century has been misunderstood as well. It is widely believed that because US society has divested in public health, the sick and poor now find themselves subject to powerful criminal justice institutions. Rather than focus on the underinvestment of health and overinvestment of criminal justice, this book argues that the fundamental problem of the state is a persistent crisis between budgetary catastrophe and expansive new legal rules. Redistributing the Poor pushes the reader to think about the circulation of people for the purposes of generating absent revenue, absolving new legal demands, and projecting illusions that crisis have been successfully resolved. This book delves into the heart of the state: the day-to-day operations of the largest hospital and jail system in the world. It is only by centering the state’s use of redistribution that one can understand how certain forms of social suffering—the premature death of mainly poor, people of color—are not a result of the state’s failure to act, but instead are the necessary outcome of so-called successful policy.

Welfare as Wrecking Ball: Constructing Public Responsibility in Legal Encounters Over Public Housing Demolition

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (03) ◽  
pp. 670-700
Author(s):  
John N. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Public Responsibility ◽  
Housing Demolition

Scholarship on welfare privatization illustrates how the process often curtails and undermines public responsibility for the poor. In this article, I examine how recipients, policy makers, and judges participate in the legal process as a means of challenging and defending privatization. I look at cases of litigation initiated by public housing tenants between 1985 and 2012 to fight the demolition of their homes to explore the changing meaning of public responsibility within a shrinking public sector. My findings show that as legislative and administrative reforms steered courts toward a more flexible understanding of public responsibility, courts gave increasing attention to the economic hardships experienced by the state itself, while downplaying the plight of low-income tenants.

scholarly journals The role of micro-insurance in the field of public health

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Novakovic ◽  
M Jevtic ◽  
L j Popović ◽  
D j Ćosić
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Poor People ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Micro Insurance

Abstract Issue/problem It is recognized that is very important to have an instrument to mitigate risks and reduce the vulnerability of poor and low-income households, especially in disasters. Health risks are often identified by the poor people as the greatest and costliest risks they face. Millions of people worldwide fall into poverty as a result of excessive healthcare costs because the state doesn’t provide them health insurance. Health problems not only impact household budget, but also reduce the productivity and reduce the opportunity for growth. Therefore the reform of social systems poses a considerable challenge. Description In order to remedy the situation, global actors like World Health Organization (WHO, International Labour Organization (ILO), the World Bank (WB) advocate for a special category of insurance, health micro-insurance (HMI), as a medium term solution for health care financing, that tends to access equitable and quality health care. HMI was created to promote insurance coverage among economically vulnerable sections of society. It is one of the potential ways that might provides the protection of low-income people against specific perils in exchange for regular premium payment proportionate to the likelihood and cost of the risks involved. Results As a health care financing mechanism, HMI has a short history, but offers the following benefits: it can improve the access of certain vulnerable populations to healthcare, develop more suitable services, facilitate the participation of civil society and limit fraud, educate populations about social security. Lessons This instrument has not been conceptualized to compete or replace public social protection. Rather, it is most effective when embedded into a comprehensive social protection framework which includes informal, private and other risk management strategies of preventive measures, mitigation and suitable coping strategies. Key messages HMI can mitigate the risks of population and groups, ill health and provides hope that the poor will receive reliable and adequate access to affordable health care. HMI can be seen as a tool for better public health in vulnerable and poor communities.

The Poor Tend to Live Outside of Impoverished Inner-City Neighborhoods

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Mark Robert Rank ◽  
Lawrence M. Eppard ◽  
Heather E. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
Central City ◽  
Poor People ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Northern Plains ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Mexico Border

Chapter 3 confronts the myth that most of the poor live in impoverished inner-city neighborhoods. In reality, only approximately 10 to 15 percent of America’s poor people reside in high-poverty neighborhoods. Furthermore, the numbers of poor people in suburban areas now outnumber those in central-city areas. Finally, high levels of poverty can be found in rural America, including Appalachia, the Mississippi delta, the Texas–Mexico border, the Southwest and Northern Plains, and the central corridor of California. Thus, the myth that poverty is confined to a particular group of Americans, in very specific locations, is corrosive because it encourages the belief that poverty is an issue of “them” rather than “us.” Poverty strikes a wide swath of the population, and it touches Americans in cities, suburbs, and rural communities.

scholarly journals Justification of tax regulation tools to support the poor

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Naidenko
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Low Income Population ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Tax Regulation

The system of taxation of personal income in Ukraine does not allow fully implementing the principle of social justice, which is regulated by the Tax Code of Ukraine. This is because in many cases, the taxpayers’ solvency is not taken into account when setting tax rates. The Ukrainian legislation does not regulate the list of poor people, and there is no clear compensatory mechanism of assistance to these social groups. As a result, the number of poor people is growing and, therefore, the social tension is increasing in Ukraine. The article focuses on the poor performance of Ukraine in various indices of socio-economic development, which results in the growth of poor people. There was no clear legislation to classify the poor in Ukraine. A list of poor people is offered. The main directions of poverty reduction in European countries are analyzed. Attention is drawn to the poor status of poverty reduction in Ukraine through tax policies, due to the poor implementation of the Poverty Reduction Strategy by the executive authorities. The instruments of tax regulation of low-income population in EU countries are considered, the main ones being tax rebate (tax credit), tax exemption, non-taxable minimum, and reduced tax rate. The list of instruments for tax regulation of low-income population in EU countries and Ukraine is summarized. The progressive scale of taxation of personal income is substantiated. The list of poor people is generalized. A non-taxable minimum income indicator is proposed based on the indicator used to determine the limit for applying the tax social benefit. Given the experience of EU countries, the introduction of separate instruments for tax regulation of low-income groups in Ukraine is justified.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Romain D. Huret
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ronald Reagan ◽  
War On Poverty ◽  
Poverty Traps ◽  
Low Income Population ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Economic Boom

In 1983, at the same time that the conservative president Ronald Reagan was lamenting the presence of “welfare queens” on inner-city streets and of “poverty traps” inherited from idealistic 1960s reformers, the Wisconsin economist Robert Lampman was recalling the heady days in 1964 when President Lyndon Baines Johnson launched the War on Poverty. Persistent, grinding poverty in such a prosperous country came as a surprise to many Americans, who believed that such a plight had disappeared amid the postwar economic boom. Lampman candidly acknowledged that even economists had been blinded by the feverish economic growth and seemingly unlimited abundance of the 1950s: “We never used the word ‘poverty.’ We used other words. And so it was something of a shock to an economist to have the word poverty suddenly remerge. It had been consigned to the dustbin. Other words like … Low-income population is one phrase for the poor. So it wasn’t fashionable to talk about the poor or talk about the poverty problem.”...

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT BANKING SERVICES FOR THE POOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykola Miroshnik ◽  
Iryna Didenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Wide Range

Despite the many achievements of the XXI century in the development of economic and social relations, comprehensive globalization and digitalization of most sectors of the national economy, the problem of poverty remain still quite urgent worldwide. That is why its improvement is recognized as one of the goals of sustainable development adopted by the UN. Moreover, according to the World Bank in the 2017, more than 1.7 billion adults were not served in banking institutions (or were unbanked), which indicates another pressing problem - financial inclusion. All this presupposes the high relevance of the study of the basic practices of the banking services development for the poor people, which is the main goal of this article. To achieve this goal, the paper proposes to conduct a conceptual analysis of the phenomenon of financial inclusion and highlight the main factors that affect it (territorial, financial, educational, legal, psychological), as well as such group of the population as low-income (or poor). Based on this, the author considered two main practices that can be used to develop the market of banking services. First, the model of branchless banking is considered, which involves use of a wide range of retail agents (for exampl'e, mobile operators, post offices, gas stations, retail outlets, etc.). It allows the poor, regardless of territorial and financial constraints, receive basic banking services from such retail agents, and banks to act as their guarantor. Secondly, model of microfinance for banks is researhed, which allows to provide financial resources for business initiatives of the poor people on fairly favorable terms.In this model, banks can also either provide such services directly, or involve intermediaries (primarily microfinance institutions) to interact with customers. Both of the above models have their advantages and risks for the banking sector, but their implementation will help not only to attract the unused (or unbanked) customer sector, but also to help overcome poverty in the country.The obtained results indicate the need for state regulation of the above models for their effectiveness in Ukraine and are the basis for more thorough research in this area.

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