scholarly journals KONTROVERSI PENGENAAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN ATAS TRANSAKSI VALUTA ASING

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Solihin Makmur Alam

<p style="margin-left: 0.1in; margin-right: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.4in; margin-top: 0.2in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 120%;" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Article 4 section (1) Income Tax Law No. 17 / 2000 introduces what does the </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">mean of Tax Objects. According to this article, Tax Objects shall be income, namely </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">every kind of addition to economic capacity received or eamed by Taxpayers, derived </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">both from Indonesia and outside Indonesia, which may be used for consumption or </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">addition to property of the Taxpayers concerned, in whatever name or form.</span></span></em></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 0.1in; margin-right: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.45in; margin-top: 0.03in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 121%;" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Income is the amount that a person can consume during a period of time and </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">be as well-off at the end of the time as it was at the beginning. In other words, income is the amount that a person can be consumed without encroaching upon the capital.</span></span></em></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 0.1in; margin-right: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.4in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 120%;" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Moreover, income tax objects are very kind of addition to economic capacity, </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">on the other hand, foreign exchane purchase transaction is an equity conversion in </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">one form to another form which has the same value with it beginning equity. Thus, in </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">this transaction , there is no addition to economic capacity received or earned by </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">taxpayers. That's why, income tax deemed to foreign exchange purchase trasaction </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">is not appropriate, because it will break the essence of source of law of income tax </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">itself, that is income tax law No. 17/2000</span></span></em></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 0.8in; margin-right: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.7in; margin-top: 0.15in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 121%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><em><strong>Keywords: </strong></em></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><em><span style="font-weight: normal;">Fiscal Stabilisation, tax object, Income, income tax deemed to foreign </span></em></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial Narrow,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><em><span style="font-weight: normal;">exchange purchase transaction.</span></em></span></span></span></span></p>

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas K. Barney ◽  
Tonya K. Flesher

Farmers have benefited from unique tax treatment since the beginning of the income tax law. This paper explores agricultural influences on the passage of the income tax in 1913, using both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results show that agricultural interests were influential in the development and passage of tax/tariff laws. The percentage of congressmen with agricultural ties explains the strong affection for agriculture. Discussion in congressional debates and in agricultural journals was passionate and patriotic in support of equity for farmers. The quantitative analysis reveals that the percentage farm population was a significant predictor of passage of the 16th Amendment by the states and of adoption of state income taxes in the 20th century.


1927 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
George M. Morris ◽  
Roland R. Foulke

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-80
Author(s):  
Sung Myung Jae ◽  
Jeon Byung Mok ◽  
Jun Byung Hill

A Simulation model has been developed in Korea, named Korea Institute of Public Finance Simulation Model (KIPFSIM), which aims to estimate the effects of taxes and transfers in Korea. The current version of KIPFSIM adopts a statice approach combined with a zero-elasticity assumption that there will be no change in labor supply and consumption decisions even after changes in taxes and transfers. KIPFSIM uses a representative sample from the House-hold Income and Expenditure Survey, compiled and released by the Statistical Office of Korea. Using KIPFSIM, we hypothetical changes in taxes and transfers, which is set to be enacted in 2009 and 2010. We found that the benefit of the income tax cut is concentrated mostly on high-income taxpayers in terms of absolute value, but more on middle-income taxpayers in terms of percentage of the tax burden. Therefore, the new income tax law is considered to strengthen the progressive nature of the tax code and to lower tax burdens and tax revenue. We also found that after-income-tax income inequality, as measured by Gini coefficeint, was slightly worsened, primarily due to the decrease in income tax revenue, whice helps equalize income distribution.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Junisa Lolong ◽  
David Paul Elia Saerang ◽  
Hence Wokas

Income tax is one of the largest government revenues. Income Tax Law Article 4 Paragraph 2 gives a mandate to the government to impose income tax on certain earnings final. This study aims to determine how the interest calculation and interest reports and final income tax deduction on interest of savings and customer deposits at PT. BPR Mapalus Tumetenden Branch Tomohon. Descriptive analysis was employed in this study. Data were obtained by field studies. The results shows that the calculation and reports of Final Income Tax Article 4 Paragraph 2 on deposit and savings PT. BPR Mapalus Tumetenden Branch Tomohon have compiled with the laws of regulations. Leaders of PT. BPR Mapalus Tumetenden Branch Tomohon should improve the service quality to each customer, so that the customers can increase the amount of savings in bank. Keywords: calculation, reporting, deposit interest, customer savings


2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novlicia Putri Utiarahman ◽  
Jantje J. Tinangon ◽  
Dhullo Afandi

Income tax is of the largest government revenue. Income Tax Law Article 4 Paragraph 2 gives a mandate to the government to impose income tax on certain earnings final. This study aims to determine how the calculation and report income tax  on savings, deposits, giro customer at PT. Bank SulutGo. Descriptive analysis was employed in this study. Data were obtained by field studies. The result shows that the calculation and reports income tax on savings, deposits, giro at PT. Bank SulutGo have compiled with the law of regulation. Leaders of PT. Bank SulutGo should improve the service guality to each customer, so that custumer can increase the amount of savings.Keywords : calculation, reporting, savings, deposits, giro


2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-475
Author(s):  
Henri Brun

Those who like to pay tax are few. Accordingly, income tax is often described as a shame. Of course, the right to enjoyment of property is at stake in the matters of taxation. And the collection of taxation involves also other aspects of the right to substantive and procedural due process of law : right to privacy, to be heard, to unbiassed decision, to professional secrecy... This article contrasts these rights, as they are expressed in sections 5 to 9 and 23 of the Charte des droits et libertés de la personne of Québec and section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom, with sections 13 to 16 and 38 and following of the Loi sur le ministère du revenu of Québec and sections 159, 231 and 232 of the Canadian Income Tax Act. It finds that it is the application of the income tax law, more than the law itself, that threatens human rights. It concludes that the main benefit of both Charters of rights is to provide a shelter from such unreasonnable application


1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-160
Author(s):  
I.E. Aguolu

This study highlights some factors that have influenced the development of academic law libraries in Nigeria. Inadequacy of local production of legal texts, exorbitant cost of the available texts, and scarcity of foreign exchange, were identified as major constraints. On the other hand, factors which have promoted the development of academic law libraries in Nigeria include the existence and use of published standards for law libraries, accreditation requirement for law faculties, book gifts and loans. Moreover, Nigeria's typical history of political instability and proliferation of states has paradoxically not been a hindrance but a catalyst for the emergence of numerous social and educational institutions including universities and academic law libraries.


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