The Samcheong Hanok and the Evolution of the Traditional Korean House

The hanok or traditional Korean house has evolved to meet modern conditions that are continually updated. The “Samcheong Hanok” located in Bukchon, the most representative hanok village in Seoul, is a typical example. The house was originally constructed around 1940 but underwent several stages of extension and repairs before finally being renovated by architect Wook Choi in 2000. It is arguable that the evolution of the Samcheong Hanok illustrates a typical history of modern hanok, which is characterized as two types according to certain periods. The first is the urban-type hanok, built approximately between 1930 and 1960, which is a standardized version that was mass-produced for anonymous clients by a developer. The second, introduced around 2000, is the contemporary hanok, an individualized and tailor-made version built for a specific client in general. Based on analysis and integration of Bukchon’s historical context and Samcheong Hanok’s records, this paper aims to trace and reconstruct a plausible history of the house to illustrate the typical historical aspects of modern hanok—urban-type and contemporary. In the conclusion, after revealing the rigidity of the current hanok support system, several suggestions for a creative evolution of hanok are offered.

Fracture of the penis in Jos, Nigeria: review of cases in 2020

Background: Penile fracture is a urological emergency and requires urgent medical attention. There was a relative upsurge in 2020. Diagnosis is usually based on typical history and examination findings suggestive of penile fracture. The objective of this study was to determine the demographics, clinical presentation and management of fracture of the penis.Methods: All patients who presented at the accident and emergency in 2020 with penile fracture were studied. The patients age, time to presentation, mechanism of injury, clinical features (cracking sound, pain, immediate detumescence, penile swelling, urethral bleeding and acute urinary retention) were recorded. Intraoperative findings (location of corpora rupture, length of tear and urethral rupture) were recorded and analysed.Results: Twelve patients were studied. The mean age was 34.8 years, range (20 years to 56 years). 58.3% presented within 24 hours of trauma. The commonest mechanism of penile fracture was sexual intercourse with the woman on top position (58%). 75% of the patients heard a popping sound. All patients had pain, detumescence and penile swelling (N=12) 100%. Two patients had urethral bleeding (N=2) 16.7%, with one having associated urethral rupture (N=1) 8.3%. Two patients had acute urinary retention (16.7%). Rupture of the right corpora occurred in 50%, 8.3% had bilateral rupture of the corpora. All the patients had repair of the corporal rupture. Urethral injury was repaired primarily. Erection and voiding post-repair were satisfactory.Conclusions: Fracture of the penis is a urological emergency. Diagnosis can be made based on typical history and examination findings. Prompt surgical intervention is advised to avoid complications and erectile dysfunction.

Combination of ectopic pancreas and intestinal malrotation presenting as non-specific right iliac fossa pain in a SARS-CoV-2 positive patient

We describe the case of a 31-year-old man who presented with a 3-day history of right iliac fossa pain with associated nausea and vomiting. He denied any previous incidents of abdominal pain and had no relevant medical history or family history to note. Given the typical history, examination findings of localised peritonism and infection risk, he was taken to theatre for laparoscopic appendicectomy without diagnostic imaging. Intraoperatively, we noted gut malrotation and an inflammatory jejunal mass which was resected after converting to a mini-laparotomy. The inflammatory mass was reported to be an ectopic pancreatic tissue from histology. Given that this patient had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on admission, we propose a possible case of SARS-CoV-2 infection triggering inflammation of the ectopic pancreatic tissue.

A Rare Case of Primary Extranodal Laryngeal Non Hodgkin Lymphoma

Lymphoma is generally a nodal disease and arises from lymphoid tissues or organs. Extranodal lymphoma accounts for almost a third of malignant lymphomas. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 90 % of laryngeal carcinoma, while extranodal Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) attributes only less than 1% of laryngeal neoplasms. Less than 100 of such cases been reported in literature since 1952. As to our best knowledge, no such case was ever reported in our country. We report a case of a 58-year-old gentleman who presented the typical history of laryngeal malignancy however the pathology turned out to be as NHLof Diffuse Large B-cell subtype.

Epidural blood patch in post-dural puncture headache in parturients: A case series

This is a case series of six obstetric patients who had post-dural puncture headache, resistant to conservative treatment. The onset of post-dural headache in our series on average was on the 34th hour of the procedure. After confirmation of the diagnosis with a typical history of presentation and examination, the patients underwent pharmacological treatment. Post-dural puncture headache, in our series, not relieved by pharmacological treatment underwent epidural blood patch after persistent headache in an average of 5 days post-dural puncture. All patients receiving this therapy had a complete cure of headache at the earliest - from 45 minutes to as late as 11 hours post procedure. Epidural autologous blood instillation in an average of 10 to 11 ml completely relieved the ailment in the primary blood patch. Epidural blood patch is still considered gold standard therapy in persistent post-dural puncture headache.

Soft Tissue Tumor Leg - A Rare Presentation of Cutaneous Rhinosporidiosis

Rhinosporidiosis presents commonly as polypoidal growth in nose, but presentation in other sites including skin, genitourinary tract is documented. Cutaneous presentation is rare, which may present as pedunculated swelling or cutaneous ulceration, but presenting as soft tissue tumor is extremely rare. The multifaceted presentation of the disease causes diagnostic dilemma to an unsuspecting physician. Clinical and radiological findings may mislead, but usually typical history helps, and typical histology clinches the diagnosis. We are presenting a case of disseminated cutaneous rhinosporidiosis presented as soft tissue mass lesion in the leg causing diagnostic difficulty due to the rare presentation.

Pulled elbow can easily be diagnosed and reduced by pediatricians - A clinic-based study on 49 cases

Background: Pulled elbow is a common injury of early childhood that results in subluxation of the annular ligament due to a sudden longitudinal traction applied to the hand. Treatment is usually closed reduction with either a supination-flexion or a hyperpronation technique. Aims and Objectives: Present study is aimed to make pediatricians aware of the fact that most of such cases can be easily diagnosed and successfully reduced in office settings without much fear and complications. Materials and Methods: All cases with typical history and clinical presentation were included in the study and were subjected to supination-flexion maneuver. When the first attempt failed, a second attempt using the same technique was performed. After failure of the second attempt, hyperpronation was tried. Results: Among 49 patients included in the study, 27 (55.10 %) were girls and 22 (44.89 %) were boys. Meanage at presentation was 20.12 months. All of them were below 4 years of age. Forty-five patients were successfully reduced on the first attempt using supination-flexion maneuver, 2 patients required a second attempt using same technique. One patient was reduced with hyperpronation technique 15 minutes after first 2 attempts failed. Only 1 patient required referral to an orthopedic expert as all 3 attempts were in vain, but the child eventually recovered. Conclusion: All pediatricians should learn to diagnose and treat the condition to reduce delay in treatment and avoid complications.

Simultaneous Huge Splenic and Mesenteric Hydatid Cyst

Hydatid disease (HD) is caused by Echinococcus granulosus and is endemic in many parts of the world. This parasitic tapeworm can produce cysts in almost every organ of the body, with the liver and lung being the most frequently targeted organs. The spleen and mesentery are unusual locations. We report a case of simultaneous huge splenic and mesenteric hydatid cyst in a 91-year-old male patient. The patient was presented with chronic abdominal pain, increased frequency of defecation, and typical history of animal contact (cattle, sheep, and dogs). After performing imaging studies, he was diagnosed with a simultaneous huge spleen and pelvic mesentery hydatid cyst that was managed surgically by splenectomy, pelvic mesenteric cyst deroofing, and partial cystectomy.

Isolated Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst: A Rare Presentation in a Young Maasai Boy from Northern Tanzania

Introduction. Hydatidosis is a parasitic manifestation caused by Echinococcus granulosus. It is characterized by cystic lesions in the liver and lungs. Diagnosis is based on typical history and radiological measures. Case presentation. A four-year-old boy presented with a one-year history of dry cough and difficulty in breathing which was of gradual progression. Computed tomography of the chest revealed a large 11.7 cm×8.6 cm×11.0 cm cyst in the right hemithorax. The patient underwent thoracotomy and recovered well post procedure. Conclusion. This case report highlights that large hydatid cysts can be surgically removed with good outcome and the importance of realizing that the disease is a burden to the public health and is much neglected.

ARCHITECTURE AND MODERN STATE OF SAMARA BUILDINGS IMPLEMENTED ON SAMPLE PROJECTS

The architecture of the city of Samara of the XIX century, made on exemplary projects. The formation of the architectural environment of the city is investigated. A detailed analysis of the current state of the buildings of Samara, executed on model projects, was carried out. On the example of several monuments, their typical history of reorganizations and changes is considered. On the basis of archival research and analysis of the current state of development, features and decorative solutions of buildings are revealed. The results of the successful study of a successful past, analyze the present, which helps to prepare the basic principles of successful restoration and renovation of historic buildings.