Financial risk as a type of business risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiia V. Popova ◽  
Tetiana B. Pozhodzhuk ◽  
Olena A. Belianevych ◽  
Pavlo O. Povar ◽  
Roman V. Pozhodzhuk
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Business Risk ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Financial Consequences ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Theoretical Category ◽  
High Degree

To fully disclose the category of “financial risk”, the main points of view were analysed to determine the general theoretical category of “risk” and “entrepreneurial risk”. The following main features of financial risk were identified: a high degree of probability of financial risk; occurrence of adverse financial consequences for the business entity; property nature of adverse consequences of financial risk; individual certainty; occurrence of adverse financial consequences due to the influence of certain factors. Based on the selected features, the authors proposed to define financial risk as a type of business risk. It consists in the possibility of adverse financial consequences in the form of loss of income or loss of capital due to the influence of negative external and/or internal factors on professional financial activities. It is established that financial risk is a complex legal category and has the following structure: subject, object and causal relationship between the source (factors, phenomena, influence) and the consequences of financial risk.

scholarly journals Стратегія управління ризиками транспортної компанії

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Олешко Т.І. ◽  
Бойко Ю.П. ◽  
Рудик М.Ю.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Business Risk ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
The Many ◽  
High Degree

Continuing problems of transport companies in consequence of financial and economic crisis are clear-cut evidence that risk management in transport companies plays a very important role to achieve long term competitiveness and profitability. The paper is dealing with business risks and risk management in transport companies. The transport business, as a specific type of service, must take into account the many risks that arise as a result from the changing nature of external as well as internal factors of change of business environment. Transport business is one of the most problematic areas of Ukrainian business. It is important to manage and manage risks not only when starting a business, but also as a whole conducting business activities. Business risk management is the assumption that business risks will be properly identified, evaluated and managed, and that business opportunities will be fully exploited. The purpose of this article is to consider forms of risk management in the transportation business. The process of managing business risks in a transport company is related to the scale of its activity. Transport companies are now operating in a high degree of uncertainty and exposed to various risks, making it impossible to identify any stable and accurate process and precise solution that could guarantee the elimination or avoidance of risks. Risk management, as well as the resolution of each crisis is individual and specific. It is associated with different circumstances, is performed in different conditions and is accompanied by different events. Such a process requires extensive practical experience and professional knowledge in various fields. Currently, addressing risks and managing crisis situations is considered an important task for every manager

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Methods of Dealing with the Problem of Mental Dissonance of the Consumer after the Purchase Process to Ensure Repeat of Purchase (Apple Mobile Phones Company)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Somaia Osman Mohamed Abdelgadir
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Youth Group ◽  
Apple Products ◽  
Purchase Process ◽  
High Degree

The purpose of this research is to identify the effects of consumer behavior. and to know the needs and desires of the consumer, as well as the search for methods and strategies to reduce the problem of mental dissonance of the consumer to repeat the purchase process, data were collected through the questionnaire, observation and reference to some of the relevant references, The research found that the problem of mental dissonance due to technology has a great impact on the youth group between the ages of 21 and 39 years, according to the field study. The findings also show that the intensity of mental dissonance among the consumer, increases whenever there is a high degree of financial risk, Psychological mental dissonance is due to the severity of the purchase side between what is familiar and what is new. The study recommended that the company take into account some of the things that reduce the feelings of conflict as advertisements showing that the buyer is satisfied with the product after the purchase, and recommended that the messages should include in the promotional campaigns directed to the purchaser of Apple products.

Mobile games: players’ experiences with in-app purchases

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aina Ravoniarison ◽  
Cédric Benito
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Mobile Games ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Youtube Videos ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Insight Into

PurposeThis paper aims to offer a comprehensive perspective into Free-to-Play gamers’ attitudes, feelings toward and perceived value of in-app purchases (IAPs).Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a twofold qualitative methodology using an inductive approach: user-generated YouTube videos and gamers’ online reviews posted on Play stores.FindingsEight topics have emerged out from the qualitative data related to the characteristics of a good/bad IAP, the IAPs as downsides, the ambiguity with traditional Pay-to-Play games, the financial-risk issues, the resistance behaviors, the worries about over-spending and addiction and the frustration mechanism.Research limitations/implicationsBy focusing on IAPs, this research contributes to build an integrative overview to better understand how players deal with IAPs and how this interaction should be analyzed in the light of multiple frameworks. Emphasis is placed on a continuum of player responses from tolerant metacognition to high degree of subversion.Originality/valueA twofold netnographic approach offers a novel contribution to the field of mobile games by bringing together two materials increasingly connected to the video game universe. It also brought to the fore an experiential context by providing insight into the underlying dynamics of Player/IAP interactions.

Speed/accuracy trade-offs in target-directed movements

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Réjean Plamondon ◽  
Adel M. Alimi
Keyword(s):  
Human Movement ◽  
Critical Survey ◽  
Kinematic Theory ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Kinematic Properties

This target article presents a critical survey of the scientific literature dealing with the speed/accuracy trade-offs in rapid-aimed movements. It highlights the numerous mathematical and theoretical interpretations that have been proposed in recent decades. Although the variety of points of view reflects the richness of the field and the high degree of interest that such basic phenomena attract in the understanding of human movements, it calls into question the ability of many models to explain the basic observations consistently reported in the field. This target article summarizes the kinematic theory of rapid human movements, proposed recently by R. Plamondon (1993b; 1993c; 1995a; 1995b), and analyzes its predictions in the context of speed/accuracy trade-offs. Data from human movement literature are reanalyzed and reinterpreted in the context of the new theory. It is shown that the various aspects of speed/ accuracy trade-offs can be taken into account by considering the asymptotic behavior of a large number of coupled linear systems, from which a delta-lognormal law can be derived to describe the velocity profile of an end-effector driven by a neuromuscular synergy. This law not only describes velocity profiles almost perfectly, it also predicts the kinematic properties of simple rapid movements and provides a consistent framework for the analysis of different types of speed/accuracy trade-offs using a quadratic (or power) law that emerges from the model.

Internal-External Control and Causal Attributions of Own and Others' Performance

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donn L. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
External Factors ◽  
External Control ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
High Degree

In a 3 × 3 factorial design, 69 subjects with a high, medium, or low perceived internal control on Rotter's I-E scale judged the degree to which they thought three grades on a classroom examination resulted from effort and ability (internal factors) as opposed to type of test and luck (external factors). The three grades were the subject's own grade, the highest grade in class, and the lowest grade in class. Results showed that subjects with a high degree of internal control on the I-E scale attributed all three grades to internal factors significantly more than subjects with a low degree of internal control. Internal attributions were significantly higher for the highest grade in class than for the others.

scholarly journals The Determinants of Forward-looking Disclosures in Interim Reports for Non-financial Firms: Evidence from a Developing Country

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mathuva
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Reporting Incentives ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Forward Looking

This paper examines the determinants of the forward-looking disclosures (FLD) in the interim financial reports (IFRs) of non-financial firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE). Data were collected from a total of 91 firm-year observations for the mid interim periods between 2009 and 2011. A FLD score was developed for each firm in the sample based on the firm’s disclosure of forward-looking statements in its IFR. The results indicate that firms with higher debt, better performance, higher capital investment and with more concentration of foreign investment tend to have more FLDs in their IFRs. Conversely, cross listed firms are associated with lower FLDs, implying that cross listed firms provide lower forward-looking information compared to non-cross listed firms. Results show a high degree of FLD for better performing firms and firms with higher financial risk. This study contributes to literature by providing evidence to which financial reporting incentives contribute to FLDs in a developing country where enforcement is weak. As a conclusion, the paper recommends firms to provide comprehensive FLDs in future to effectively mitigate informational asymmetries between the management and owners of the firms, especially firms with more concentrated foreign ownership. 

scholarly journals “Buddhism for Chinese Readers”: Zhi Qian’s Literary Refinements in the Foshuo pusa benye jing

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Jaehee Han ◽  
Soonil Hwang ◽  
Hyebin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Buddhist Scripture ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
High Degree

The present article continues the modern scholarship on the transmission of Buddhism from India to China by focusing on one of the most influential figures among the early Chinese Buddhist translators, namely, Zhi Qian (支謙, ca. 193–252 CE). His translation style is characterized as “kaleidoscopic,” as Jan Nattier describes, due to the high degree of diversity and variability in his language and terminology. In this study, we explore Zhi Qian’s literary refinements from the lexical, stylistic, and conceptual points of view based on his Foshuo pusa benye jing (佛說菩薩本業經, T. 281) in close conjunction with three related sūtras, the Foshuo dousha jing (佛説兜沙經, T. 280), the Zhu pusa qiufo benye jing (諸菩薩求佛本業經, T. 282), and the Pusa shizhu xingdao pin (菩薩十住行道品, T. 283), all attributed to Lokakṣema. We specifically discuss how Zhi Qian produced such a polished and “sinicised” version with various modes of literary modifications (e.g., using wenyan elements, four-syllable prosodic pattern, diverse vocabulary, and indigenous Chinese concepts) within the context of his life and times. In this article, we also argue that his main aim in producing the Foshuo pusa benye jing was to provide a more classical, elegant, and readable Buddhist scripture to the Chinese readers, but that he had to sacrifice being able to faithfully reflect the language used in the original Indic texts.

scholarly journals Consumers Decision Making Process and Buying Behaviour towards Mobile Handsets

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 712-718
Author(s):  
Dr. Aarti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Smart Phones ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
Manova Analysis ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Mobile Handset

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the decision making process adopted by consumers while buying the mobile handsets and to study the consumer buying behaviour towards mobile handsets. Design/methodology/approach –Consumer behaviour is observed and analyzed with the help of descriptive analysis. The effect of internal factors has been seen on this decision making process. For this purpose MANOVA analysis has been put to use. Wilk’s lambda has been considered as an analysis factor. Findings – Consumers’ buying behaviour depends upon their purpose behind buying a mobile phone. Choice of their phones differs on the basis of various functions they performed on phone; they focus on buying the phone they are familiar with and which fulfills their purpose. Research limitations/implications – Even though the world as a whole is rapidly adopting smart phones, there is a high degree of variation in how they have been adopted in different parts of the world. Practical implications – In the present competitive world, growth of smart phones is a truly global story; there are lots of important factors which create differences in how technology has evolved in different countries. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the knowledge of the marketers about mobile handsets in several ways. It would also be helpful for the marketers to know the actual decision making process followed by them while buying a new mobile handset, which will help them in formulating their strategies to attract the customers.

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